高中英语全程复习方略配套课件 Unit22(Environmental Protection) 北师大版选修8课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,.,句式填空,1.-,ing,分词作状语和定语,Looking ahead,（展望未来）,scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems,facing the 21st century,（,21,世纪所面临的）,.,2.It seems that.,句型“似乎,，好像,”,Given this data,it seems that,(,好像,)the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.,3.,条件状语从句的省略,If necessary,(,如果有必要的话,),give reasons for your answers.,4.not only.but(also).,不但,而且,Rivers,lakes,and wet-lands are sources of fresh water,not only,(,不但,)for humans,but,(,而且,)for wildlife as well.,.,教材设题,1.The water level has risen _ high in several places _ many homes are at risk from flooding.,A.so;that B.such;that,C.so;as to D.such;as to,【,解析,】,选,A,。本句中的,high,为形容词，需要用副词修饰，而,so.that,句型中，,so,为副词，修饰形容词，故,A,项正确。,2.Which countries do you think _ more to global warming?,A.adapt B.belong C.relate D.contribute,【,解析,】,选,D,。,contribute to.,为固定短语，此处表示“导致，在,方面起作用”的意思，其他不合题意。,3.Global warming is _ due to human activities.,A.most B.mostly C.nearly D.almost,【,解析,】,选,B,。,mostly,用作副词，意为“主要地，大部分地”。此处指全球变暖主要是由人类活动引起的。,4.Because these natural disasters _ at random times,it is difficult to warn people _.,A.occur;in advance B.take place;beforehand,C.break out;ahead of time D.occur;in advance of it,【,解析,】,选,A,。,occur,表示“发生”，强调“出乎意料”；,take place,强调“按照事前的计划或安排而发生”；,break out,强调“战争、火灾等”的突然爆发；由此可排除,B,项和,C,项。根据句意：由于这些自然灾害不定时地发生，所以很难提前警告人们。故,A,项正确。,5.Who are most _ to be the victims of natural disasters?,A.probable B.possible C.likely D.like,【,解析,】,选,C,。,likely,在该句中用作形容词，意为“可能的，有希望的”。而,A,项和,B,项的主语不能是人，故排除。,1.I cant stand Jack.He is too inefficient!,Nobody is perfect.Try to be _ to others.,A.considering B.considered,C.considerable D.considerate,【,解析,】,选,D,。答语句意：人无完人，对别人应该体谅一些。,considerate“,关心的，体贴的”。,2.Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story.,2009,全国卷,，,34,A.beyond B.without C.of D.in,【,解析,】,选,A,。,beyond words,表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达。句意：听到她的感人故事后，他们每个人都感动得无法用语言来形容。,3.It was reported that 115 miners _ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.,2011,南昌模拟,A,trapped B,being trapped,C,were trapped D,had trapped,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：据报道,115,名被困在矿井里八天的矿工最后被解救出来了。,trapped in the flooded mine for eight days,是过去分词短语作定语。,trap,和,miners,之间是被动关系，且发生在过去，应用过去分词表被动和完成。,4.By no means _ to your parents.,A.is this the first time you are lying,Bthis is the first time you have lied,C.this is the first time you tell a lie,D.is this the first time you have lied,【,解析,】,选,D,。,by no means,决不，否定意义放在句首，句子用倒装句。,This is the first time.,句型中常用完成时态。,5.Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away _.,2009,上海，,38,A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief,C.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief,【,解析,】,选,D,。此处,away,为副词，置于句首引起全部倒装。句意：听到狗叫得很凶，小偷逃跑了。,6.Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?,_.Ours is much stronger than theirs.,A.Of course B.It depends,C.Dont mention it D.By no means,【,解析,】,选,D,。,by no means,表示决不；,it depends,表示看情况而定。,7.There are hundreds of people desperate to _ an orphan whose parents were killed in the Haiti earthquake.,2011,长沙模拟,A.receive B.educate C.adopt D.abuse,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：数以千计的人非常想收养海地地震中丧失父母的孤儿。,receive,收到；,educate,教育；,adopt,收养；,abuse,滥用。,8.You should _ the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful.,A watch B.refuse C.miss D.seize,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：你应该抓住在大学学习的机会，否则你会后悔的。,watch,观看；,refuse,拒绝；,miss,错过，怀念；,seize,抓住,9.The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(,副手,)as a _.,A.replacement B.substitution,C.substitute D.change,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：经理不能出席，派了个副手代表他。,substitute,作名词，意为“代替的人或物”，而,A,、,B,两项均表示代替动作本身，,D,项不合句意。,10.1,）用,allocate/assign/distribute,填空,（,1,）他给我们每个人都分配了工作。,He,allocated,tasks to each of us.,（,2,）我们把每周例会定在周四好吗？,Shall we,assign,Thursday for our weekly meeting?,（,3,）救援机构将给几个国家发放食物。,The relief agency will,distribute,the food among several countries.,2,）用,condemn/scold/blame,填空,（,4,）她总是骂个不停。,She is always,scolding,.,（,5,）这都是我的错,都怪我。,Its all my fault.Im to,blame,.,（,6,）我并没有因他的所作所为而指责他。,I did not,condemn,him for what he had done.,1.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and this _ creates further problems2011,杭州模拟,A.in short B.in case C.in doubt D.in turn,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：人们为了避开公共交通的拥挤而乘坐私家车，转而引起了更多的问题。由此知,D,项“相应地；转而”正确。,A,项“简而言之”；,B,项“万一”；,C,项“怀疑”均可排除。,2.Generous public funding of basic science would _ a good many benefits for the countrys health,wealth and security.,A.result from B.lead to,C.lie in D.settle down,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：基本科学的大量公众基金将给国家的卫生、财政和安全带来相当大的好处。,A,项“起因于”；,C,项“在于”；,D,项“定居”均不符合题意。,B,项“导致”正确。,3.After the long journey,we felt fine _ being a little tired.,A,but for B,except,C,apart from D,besides,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：经过长途旅行之后，除了有点累外我们感觉很好。,but for,要不是因为；,except,除了，不包括在内，后不可加动名词；,apart from,相当于,except for,或,besides,后可加动名词；,besides,除了,之外，还,。,4.Some kinds of birds in winter fly to the south to _ the cold in the north,2011,金华模拟,A,get away from B,come up with,C,break away from D,put up with,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：有些鸟为了躲避北方的寒冷，在冬天的时候飞到南方。,get away from,摆脱，逃离；,come up with,想出；,break away from,背弃，与,脱离关系；,put up with,忍受。,5.,句式转换,What skills do you offer that are relevant to this job?,What skills do you offer that,are related to,this job?,1._ not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.,2009,福建，,32,A.Reminding B.Reminded,C.To remind D.Having reminded,【,解析,】,选B,。非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,the manager,，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词,set out,之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选,B,。,2._ by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.,2009,天津，,9,A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging,C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查非谓语动词作状语。与逻辑主语,many farmers,构成被动关系，故选,C,。,A,项表示“正在进行”，可排除。,3._ seems to have been a strong competition in China for school leavers to enter college or university.,A.It B.That C.There D.Here,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：中国的毕业生要想进入大学，好像要经过激烈的竞争。本题考查,there seem,（,s,）,to be,，是,there be,句型的变形。,4._ more attention,the cabbages _ grown better.,2011,银川模拟,A.Given;could have B.Giving;could be,C.Given;could be D.Giving;could have,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：如果被给予更多的关注，这些卷心菜本可以长得更好。,Give,与,cabbages,构成被动关系，故用,-,ed,分词作状语；又根据句意，可知,A,项正确。,5._ that you are right,we wont be able to do anything about it.,A.Giving B.Considered C.Given D.Seen,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：倘若你正确的话，我们就不能做任何事情了。,given,此处为介词，意为“倘若”，后面可跟名词、代词和,that,从句，而其他三个词只是过去分词，无此意。,Voyager 1(,旅行者,1,号,)flew out of the solar system after a _ journey in 2010.,A.fierce B.rough C.sorrowful D.common,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：旅行者,1,号经过一段艰难的旅行于,2010,年飞出了太阳系。,fierce,激烈的；,rough,艰难的；,sorrowful,痛苦的；,common,普通的。,.,单词拼写,1.They talked for a whole afternoon but still couldnt reach a,consensus,(,一致的意见,).,2.Uncle Smith,sacrificed,(,牺牲,)his life to save the child from the fire.,3.Each side declared that it would never abandon its,principle,(,原则,).,4.We now use plastics as a,substitute,(,替代品,)for steel in many ways.,5.It must be John who will take part in the contest on,behalf,(,代表,)of our class.,6.The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake by every,means,(,方法,)at their command.,7.They wanted their buildings,constructed,(,建筑,)in a way to look unnatural.,8.,Fleeing,(,逃离,)Germany,Einstein went first to France,then to Belgium,and then to England.,9.Be careful!The glass bottle is,fragile,(,易碎的,).,10.It is,considerate,(,考虑周到的,)of you to reserve two seats for us.,.,完成句子,1.,我觉得是该采取行动的时候了。,I feel that it is time for me to,take actions,.,2.,理论来源于实践，转而又服务于实践。,Theory comes from practice and,in turn,serves practice.,3.,大雨造成了严重的洪水。,The heavy rain,resulted in,serious floods.,4.,图书馆每天借出大量的书。,Large numbers of,books are lent at the library every day.,5.,这所学校今年多达,80%,的毕业生考上了大学。,As many as,80%of the graduates in this school were admitted to college this year.,6.,他很可能会迟到。,He,is likely to,be late.,.,单项填空,1._ the students in our class is 50 and _ them study very hard.,2011,厦门模拟,A.The,number of;the number of,B.A number of;the number of,C.The,number of;a number of,D.A number of;a number of,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：我们班学生的数量是,50,人，他们中有些人学习很刻苦。,the number of.,的数目；,a number of,一些。,2.Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits,which _ increase the risk of heart disease.,A.in,turn,B.in,return,C.by,chance,D.by,turns,【,解析,】,选,A,。,in turn(,插入语,),转而，依次，而又；,in return,作为报答；,by chance(=by accident),偶然地；无意中；,by turns,轮流地，依次。句意：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，从而又会增加患心脏病的几率。,3._ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.,A.That,B.What,C.Whether,D.Where,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：他在文章中所提到的是一般读者所不了解的。分析句子结构可知本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，故用,what,。,4._ giving a general introduction to computers,the course also provides practical experience.,A.Except,B.Apart,from,C.But,D.Except,that,【,解析,】,选,B,。根据关键词“,also”,可知，,giving a general introduction to computers,是包括在内的。故选,B,项。,5.To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must break it _ into parts.,A.down,B.up,C.off,D.out,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：要想理解此句的语法，你必须把它分解成部分。,break down,表示“分解”，此处表示把长句分解为短句。,6.This problem is far _,me.I,cant work it out on my own.,2011,南昌模拟,A.over,B.above,C.from,D.beyond,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：这个问题远远地超出了我的能力，我不能独立解决。,beyond sb.,超出某人的能力。,7.Social networking is an important factor _ business success.,2011,吉安模拟,A.devoting,to,B.appealing,to,C.attaching,to,D.leading,to,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：社会关系网是一个导致生意成功的重要因素。,devote to,把,奉献给,；,appeal to,对,有吸引力；呼吁；,attach to,依附，附加；,lead to,导致。,8.He _,though he didnt practice,the prohibition of smoking.,A.swore,B.distributed,C.discounted,D.advocated,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：他虽然不吸烟，但是他主张戒烟。,advocate,主张，提倡；,swear,诅咒，宣誓；,distribute,分发；分配；,discount,不重视，不理会。故,D,项正确。,9._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.,A.Given,B.To,give,C.Giving,D.Having,given,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：鉴于他的身体状况，从手术中恢复过来需要一段时间。,given,意为“鉴于”，为介词。,10._ seems to be no possibility _ the shy girl can win the first prize in the contest,A,It;that B,There;that,C,There;whether D,It;whether,【,解析,】,选,B,。句意：那个女孩似乎没有在比赛中获得一等奖的可能。,There seems to be.,似乎有,；,that,引导同位语从句修饰,possibility,。,【,举一反三,】,The little girl showed no anxiety before the,competition.She,seemed _ for it pretty well.,A.to,have prepared,B.to,prepare,C.having,prepared,D.to,be preparing,【,解析,】,选,A,。,seem,后要跟形容词或不定式或从句，故排除,C,项；根据“,showed no anxiety”,可知,A,项正确。,11.Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas._,it is also a problem in some urban areas.,2011,郑州模拟,A.As,a result,B.Furthermore,C.In,the end,D.As,a matter of fact,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意,:,许多人认为贫穷只存在于农村，但实际上，它也存在于某些城市地区。,as a result,结果；,furthermore,此外，而且；,in the end,终于，最后；,as a matter of fact,实际上。,12._ that her mother would come back,soon,the,girl calmed down.,A.Having,convinced,B.Being,convinced,C.Convincing,D.Convinced,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：当那个小女孩相信妈妈很快就要回来时她安静了下来，,convince,表示“使相信”，这里,convince,和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用,convinced,短语作原因状语。,13.Relax,，,relax,，,anyway,，,you may depend on _ he would be back in time.,A.it,that,B.if,C.that,D.when,【,解析,】,选,A,。,depend on,不能直接加从句，要先加形式宾语,it,。类似的还有,rely on,like,hate,等。,14.At the class meeting,some top students introduced several _ to the study of English,A,approaches B,means,C,methods D,ways,【,解析,】,选,A,。班会上，一些学习优秀的学生介绍了几个学习英语的方法。,approach,方法，途径，后接介词,to,；而,means,method,和,way,后需接介词,of,。,15.Your article must be sent by e-mail _ it can meet the deadline,2011,益阳模拟,A,or else B,for fear that,C,in case D,so that,【,解析,】,选,D,。句意：你的文章必须用邮件发以便于能赶上截止日期。,or else,否则；,for fear that,惟恐；,in case,以防；,so that,以便于。,.,阅读理解,China has long struggled to feed one-fifth of the worlds population on 7%of the worlds farming,land.Adding,to the challenge are the side effects of rapid economic development:air pollution,polluted water,and encroaching(,渐渐侵占的,)urbanization,all of which threaten Chinese,farmland.Now,a new study has included unnaturally acidic soil onto the list,caused by excessive fertilizer use over the past 30 years.,Soil pH is critical to plant,growth.Most,crops,thrive,in soils that are neutral,with a pH value of 7,or slightly,acidic.When,soils pH value moves downward,it becomes prone to diseases and pests that stop plant,growth.So,when pH values plunge,as they have in China,scientists start to worry.,The trend has been charted by soil scientist Zhang,Fusuo,of China Agricultural University in Beijing and his,colleagues.They,compared the results of a national soil survey taken in the 1980s with surveys conducted over the past,decade.“For,nearly all soil types found in China,soil pH has dropped 0.13 to 0.80 units since the early 1980s.A drop on that scale normally takes hundreds of thousands of years,”Zhang,says.Even,soils considered resistant to acidification showed a decrease in pH.,Soil acidification(,土壤酸化,)can be the result of acid,rain.But,overuse of certain types of nitrogen fertilizer is another cause,and this is what the researchers identify as the cause in,China.Beginning,in the 1970s,Chinese farmers applied ever-increasing amounts of fertilizer with the hope that it would lead to bigger,harvests.Instead,of high yield,however,they got water and air pollution.,“,It is a very important work,”says,Ganlin,Zhang,a soil scientist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in,Nanjing.He,agrees that the acidifying effects of nitrogen fertilizer deserve more attention in,China.But,the studys data raise some questions,he says:“Its just a collection of samples without exact site information.”Alfred,Hartemink,a senior soil scientist at ISRICWorld Soil Information in the Netherlands,echoes that,concern.“You,dont know where the samples came from,”he says,adding that even soil scientists with little knowledge of China could have predicted acidification simply by looking at the high amounts of fertilizer applied there.,Acidic soil can be neutralized by adding lime,but thats too expensive for poor Chinese,farmers.A,better solution,says Zhang:“Stop overuse.”,调查表明，中国农民长期大量使用化肥导致土壤酸化，本文介绍了这一调查并对本问题进行了探究。,1.Which of the following is not a threat to Chinese farmland according to the passage?,A.Air,pollution.,B.Polluted,water.,C.The,expanding of cities.,D.Organic,farming.,【,解析,】,选,D,。细节理解题。根据文章首段“,Adding to the challenge are the side effects of rapid economic development:air pollution,polluted water,and encroaching urbanization,all of which threaten Chinese farmland.”,可知,D,项为答案，,organic farming,意为“有机耕种”。,2.What do you guess the meaning of the underlined word?,A.grow,slowly,B.decline,C.grow,stronger,D.grow,smaller,【,解析,】,选,C,。猜测词义题。根据文章第二段可知，土壤的,pH,值对于植物的生长是很关键的，中性土壤对于大部分植物是最合适的，因此,C,项正确。,3.If the pH value of a field is 6.9,then _.,A.theplant in it will suffer from acidic soil,B.the,plant in it will grow well,C.the,plant in it will grow slowly,D.the,plant in it will not grow at all,【,解析,】,选,B,。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“,Most crops thrive in soils that are neutral,with a pH value of 7,or slightly acidic”,可知,B,项正确。,4.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 5?,A.Zhang,Fusuos,survey caused questions.,B.Zhang,Fusuos,survey is very convincing.,C.All,the scientists questioned Zhang,Fusuos,survey.,D.All,the scientists dont agree with Zhang,Fusuos,survey.,【,解析,】,选,A,。段落大意题。第五段主要说明一些科学家对于,Zhang,Fusuo,的调查的数据提出了异议，故项正确。,.,任务型阅读,根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选