高考英语总复习 语法提升专题10定语从句课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,定语从句,定语从句是中学英语学习的主要语法内容之一，也是高考英语的常考知识点。在历年的高考试题中，相对集中地考查了非限制性定语从句、关系代（副）词的用法、语义重复、主谓一致及,“,介词,which,（,whom,）,”,等有关定语从句的知识。,定语从句常见考点,一、非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句是高考试题中出现频率最高的考点,。,1.引导非限制性定语从句时，可以用引导词which（但不可以用that）。,She heard the terrible noise，,brought her heart into her mouth.,A.it,B.which,C.this,D.that,解析：选B。which指代前面的先行词noise，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语,。,2.有时引导词which可以指代前面整个句子的含义。,Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，,，of course，made the others unhappy.,A.who,B.which,C.this,D.what,解析：选B。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容,。,3.除which外，还可用when，where，who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限制性定语从句。,Finally I decided to stay in Chong,qing,，where I finished my college study.,最终，我决定留在重庆，在那我完成了大学生活,。,4.在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省略。,He was eager to go to the hospital to see his,stepmother，whom,he loved as his own mother.,他急切地想去医院看望他的继母，他像爱自己亲妈妈一样爱她,。,5.置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句中、末时as和which都可以用。,is known to,all，China,will be an,and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,A.That,;advancing,B.This,;advanced,C.As,;advanced,D.It,;advancing,解析:选C。as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代后一句内容。但是当非限制性定语从句表示否定意义时，只能用which引导,。,The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.,A.What,B.which,C.that,D.if,解析：选B。句中more,than的本意为“超过”，“超过了我的预料”即为:“我没有预料到”。这里不能用as代替which,。,二、先行词是表示地点或时间的名词时，引导词的选择,After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.,A.Which,B.where,C.that,D.when,解析,:,选,B,。因为表示地点的先行词,the small town,在从句中作状语故用,where,引导定语从句。,I visited the country had been bombed by the US-led NATO,（美国为首的北约）,a month before.,A.Where B.that C./D.as,解析：选,B,。当表示地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用,that,或,which,引导定语从句。,I shall never forget the years,I lived in the countryside with the farmers,，,has a great effect on my life.,A.that,；,which,B.when,；,which,C.which,；,that,D.when,；,who,解析：选,B,。先行词,the years,在句中作时间状语，,which,引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。,I,ll never forget the years,I spent with my cousin in Australia.,A.When B.that C.who D.as,解析：选,B,。,the years,在句中作,spent,的宾语，此时引导词,that/which,可以省略。,三、“介词关系代词（,which/whom,）”引导的定语从句,In the office I never seem to have time until after 5,：,30 pm,，,many people have gone home.,A.whose,time,B.that,C.on,which,D.by,which time,解析：选,D,。,by which time,即,:,by“after,5,：,30”(,到五点三十分以后,),。介词的选择，取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。又如：,Lei,Feng,from whom we have once learned a lot,，,is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military School,（西点军校）,of America.,关系代词前面的介词,from,，与从句中的谓语动词,learn,构成习惯表达,learn from,（向,学习）。,四、语义的重复,He made another wonderful discovery,，,of great importance to science.,A.which,I think is,B.which,I think it is,C.which,I think it D.I think is,解析：选,A,。选项,B,重复了宾语,it,，因为关系代词,which,是,think,的逻辑宾语；此外，引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省略，故选项,D,也不正确。,五、“介词,whom”,引导的定语从句与,who/whom,引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时的区别,试比较：,It was a matter of,would take the position.,A.Who,B.whoever,C.whom,D.whomever,Kennedy and Johnson,，,both of,were murdered in their terms,，,once,coworked,as president and vice-president.,A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析：分别选,A,C,。前一例是宾语从句，,who,引导的整个宾语从句作介词,of,的宾语，同时,who,在从句中作主语，所以不能用,whom,引导。后一例是定语从句，,whom,作介词,of,的宾语（所以不能用,who,引导），构成介、宾结构，作,both,的定语，而,both,才是定语从句的主语。,六、定语从句中的主谓一致问题,试比较,：,The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes,offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.,A.which is on,B.that have not been,C.that has not,D.that has not been,The Oscar is one of the film prizes,offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.,A.which,is on,B.that,have not been,C.that,has not,D.that,has not been,解析:分别选D,B。前一例的先行词是 the only,one，且指代它的引导词在从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词必须用单数；又因为先行词one被only修饰，所以只能用that引导。当one没有被the,only或the,very等修饰时，则介词of后面的the,film,prizes是先行词，从句中的谓语动词就必须用复数，而且引导词既可以用that也可以用which（第二例）。总之，当引导词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式应该与该主语保持一致,。,定语从句难点分析,定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与以下六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下,:,一、定语从句与并列句,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。,Mr,Li has three daughters,，,none of,is an engineer.,Mr,Li has three daughters,，,but none of,is a dancer.,Mr,Li has three daughters,；,are doctors.,定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有,and,，,but,，,so,等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填,whom,；小题有并列连词,but,，是并列句，故填代词,them,；小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填,none,或,they,。,二、定语从句与地点状语从句,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确Rice doesnt grow well,there is not enough water.,I still remember the farm,my parents worked ten years ago.,定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可以用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。因此，从结构上看，小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；小题中the farm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处的where可以用on which替换三、定语从句与强调句,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。,It is on the morning of May 1st,I met Liang Wei at the airport.,It is the factory,Mr,Wang works.,定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“,It is/was,被强调部分,that,从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用,who,代替,that,。在这个句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表示时间或地点的词就用,when,或,where,代替,that,。从结构上看，小题是强调句，故填,that,。此种情况检测的标准是：先把强调句中的,It is/was that,去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如果句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。将第小题改为：,I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport.,显然，这句话是正确的，故为强调句。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知,the factory,前缺少一个介词,in,，故填,where,。,四、定语从句与结果状语从句,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确,。,I have the same computer,you have.She is such a kind and funny girl,all of us like to make friends with her.,定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论the,same.as/,that和such,.,as/that两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果as/that既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则as/that引导的是定语从句。在the,same.,as/that结构中，用as指同样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，故小题填as；如果as/that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，则as/that引导的是结果状语从句，故小题填that,。,五、定语从句与习惯句型,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。,It is the first time she,has been to Shanghai.,It was the time,Chinese people had a hard life.,这里小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：,It is/was the first/second.time,that,从句。故小题填,that,。句意为：这是她第一次来到上海。小题的,the time,是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填,when,。,六、定语从句与简单句,用一个恰当的单词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。,The mother told the lazy boy to work，didn,t help.,The mother told the lazy boy to work.didn,t help.,含有定语从句的复合句与简单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应该是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which引导，前面整个句子作先行词；小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，要注意标点符号的运用。,例,1:Whenever I met her,was fairly,often,she,greeted me with a sweet smile.(2009,山东,),A.who,B.which,C.when,D.that,解析：选,B,。考查非限制性定语从句。,which,引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个句子，而,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以选,B,项。,例,2:She brought with her three,friends,none,of,I had ever met before.(2009,宁夏、海南,),A.them,B.who,C.whom,D.these,解析,:,选,C,。考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句中的标点符号可知，本句后一部分是一个非限制性定语从句，故排除不能引导定语从句的选项,A,和,D,，又因关系代词在从句中指代人，作介词,of,的宾语，因此选,C,项。,例3:Because of the financial crisis,days are gone,local 5,-,star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night.(2009江苏),A.if B.when C.which D.since,解析:选B。考查定语从句。先行词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，所以选B项。,例4:A person,e,-,mail account is full won,t be able to send or receive any e,-,mails.(2009天津）,A.Who,B.whom,C.whose D.whoever,解析:选C。考查定语从句。whose引导的定语从句修饰前面的person,表示所有格，所以选C项。,例5:They have won their last three matches,I find a bit surprising actually.(2009辽宁）,A.that B.when C.what D.which,解析:选D。考查定语从句。根据句子结构判断，句子的后半句是非限制性定语从句，所以首先排除A、C两项，又因为这里的关系代词代指前面分句的情况，并在从句中作find的宾语，所以选D项。,例6:I have reached a point in my life,I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2009浙江）,A.which B.where C.how D.why,解析:选B。考查定语从句。句意为：我已经到了人生中的一个关键地步，我应该做出自己的决定。where在此处引导定语从句，修饰a point，在从句中作状语，所以选B项。,例7:It,s helpful to put children in a situation,they can see themselves differently.(2009福建),A.that B.when C.which D.where,解析:选D。考查定语从句。a situation后面的从句对其起修饰作用，为定语从句。而从句中不缺少代词性成分，不能用关系代词which/that。从句中缺少表示地点的副词性成分，所以选D项。,例8:Many children,parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.(2009安徽）,A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom,解析:选B。考查定语从句连词的用法。用whose引导定语从句，修饰many children,whose在定语从句中充当定语。句意为：许多父母远在大城市工作，他们的孩子在这个村子得到了很好的照顾。,例,9:What do you think of,teaching,Bob,?,I find it fun and,challenging.It,is a job,you are doing something serious but interesting.(2009,北京,),A.where,B.which,C.when,D.that,解析,:,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意为：,鲍勃，你认为教学怎么样？,有趣又富有挑战性。这是一份既严肃又有趣的工作。where,引导后面的定语从句说明,a job,是一种什么样的形式或者状况，因此选,A,项。,例,10:I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city,name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.(2009,湖南）,A.Which,B.of,which,C.that,D.whose,解析,:,选,D,。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中作定语修饰,name,，其先行词是,a city,所以用,whose,引导定语从句。如果用,which,需使用,the name of which,的结构。,