外位语结构.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,外位语结构的处理,Extrapositive,Structure,汉语里，独立于句外，同时又和句中的某个成分指同一事物的成分叫外位语。使用外位语的目的在于,突出,某一事物，以引起别人的注意,或为了,简化,复杂的长句,使之结构严谨,关系清楚。,1,.对应法:即套用汉语中含有外位语结构的句子框架。,王太太有三个儿子,一个当兵、一个上大学、一个读高中。,Mrs.Wang has three sonsone in the army,one in college,and the other in senior high school.,清水涟漪的西湖、千姿百态的远山、弯弯曲曲的塔顶、古老典雅的寺庙，这一切都给杭州带来了仙境般的景色。,West Lake with its clear water,the distant hills in shades of green,the pagoda with curved roofs,the temples of old timesall these give,Hangzhou,an almost fairy land look.,高耸的楼房、设备先进的学校、更多的猪鸡牛羊,在今天的农村我们处处看到的繁荣景象。,High-,rised,buildings,well-equipped schools,more,pigs,chickens,cattle and sheep everywhere in modern countryside we see signs of prosperity.,我又碰上了约翰，他身才强壮，精神矍铄。,Again,I came across John strong and high-spirited.,他的父母几乎同时死去，这是很可怕的。,It is dreadful that his father and mother died almost at the same time.,百花齐放，百家争鸣，这是促进艺术发展和科学进步的方针。,Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and science.,她的脸发白了,白得象死人的脸一样。,Her face turned whiteas white as a dead persons.,万恶之源并不是金钱，而是金钱恋,过分贪婪的金钱恋。,It is not money,but the love of moneythe,excessive,covetous,love of money,that is the root of all evil.,把马克思列宁主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来,走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，,这,就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。,To integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete realities of China,blaze a path of our own,and build socialism with Chinese characteristic-this,is the basic conclusion we have reached in summing up the long historical experience.,2,.拆句法：即将外位语结构改变成一个独立的句子或并立分句。,健全自己的身体，保持合理的规律生活，,这,是自我修养的物质基础。,Keep fit,lead a reasonable and regular life.This,is the material basis for training.,遇事想争个第一，而且能争到第一，,这,就不简单。,He not only wants to excel-he does excel.Thats,not easy.,要解决问题，还须作系统的周密的调查工作和研究工作，,这,就是分析过程。,In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.This,is the process of analysis.,3,.还原法：即将外位语结构改变成句中的一个成分。,他们必须懂得，,消灭阶级，消灭国家权利，消灭党,，全人类都要走这条路的，问题只是时间和条件。,They must understand that,the road to the abolition of classes，to the abolition of state power and to the abolition of parties is the road,all mankind must take;it is only a question of time and conditions.,能不能尽快的把科学技术搞上去,，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。,Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible,is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.,4,.倒置法：即将由原文句中的主语指代的外位语改变成表语，同时将原文的表语改变成主语。,实现四个现代化,，,这,是我们今后相当长时间的中心工作。,For a relatively long period ahead,the focus of our work is,to realize the four modernizations.,皮包，水壶，剃须刀，旅行药箱等等，这些,是旅行的必需品。,The necessity for traveling are leather satchels,flasks,razors,small medicine kits,and the like.,揭穿了他的丑恶嘴脸给人看，这,是你的一个伟大功绩。,Today your tremendous achievement was,its public exposure of his ugliness.,5,.转化法：即将外语结构转化成为名词从句或不定式短语，置于句末，作逻辑主语，而用,it,作形式主语。,他的伎俩是骗不了我们的,这点,已经得到证明了。,It has been proved,that his tricks cannot deceive us.,不调查，不研究，提起笔来“硬写”，这,就是不负责任的态度。,It is not responsible t,o pick up the pen and “force ourselves to write”without investigation or study.,我们大家都有一个共同的愿望，那就是暑假去旅游。,A common desire to go on tour in summer vacationwe all have.,不能忍受的生活就应该毁掉，别人已经说过这样的话。,An unbearable life should be ended,as others have said before.,中国人民为他们在各个方面取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。,The Chinese people are justifiably proud of their,achievement,in all fields.,是三天以后了。从早上起，就,没有一点,儿风。天空,挤满,了灰色的云块儿，呆滞滞的不动。淡黄色的太阳光偶然露一下脸，就有赶快躲过了。成群的蜻蜓在树梢飞舞，有时竟,扑,到绿色的铁纱窗上，那就,惊动,了爬在那里的苍蝇，,嗡的一声,都飞起来，没有去路似的在窗前飞绕了一会儿，仍,复爬,在那纱上，伸出两只后脚，慢慢地,撮着,，好像心事很重。,Three days later.All the morning not a breath of wind had,stirred,.The sky,was heavy with,becalmed,banks of grey clouds,behind which,sidled,a watery,greyish,sun.Dragonflies,zigzaged,among the trees,bumping,sometimes against the green wire-netting screens over the windows and,startling,the flies which had,settled,there,so that they flew up with a buzz and,circled aimlessly,around in front of the windows a while,before settling again to crawl on the screens,where they would,strecth,out their hind legs and,rub,them slowly together as if they were deep in thought.,一个身穿淡灰色时装的矮胖子轻松地说,他是一个头发淡黄面色苍白的人，依稀有点儿风度，可是一脸无精打采的神情，看见我们进来，那对浅蓝的眼珠流露出一丝惨淡的希望。,他身材修长，奇瘦无比，眉目清秀，他那只钩形鼻子长得特别挺。他穿了一件沾满了雪水的宽松的长大衣，一直拖到脚踝骨，这件大衣像是披在瘦骨嶙峋的肩膀上的一块破布，头戴一顶湿漉漉的棕色旧帽子，与他手提的鞋子一样破烂。,A stocky figure,fashionably dressed in light grey,said easily,He was a blond,spiritless man,pale,and faintly handsome.When he saw us a damp gleam of hope sprang into his light blue eyes.,He was tall and grotesquely thin,with sharply cut features,particularly a beak-like nose.He was wearing a loose,long slushy overcoat that hung down to his ankles,looking like a rug draped over his bony shoulders,and a soggy,old brown hat,as battered as the shoes he had bought.,这女学生穿着白洋布短旗袍、白线袜、白运动鞋，手里捏着一条素白的手绢,-,浑身上下全是白色。她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角的硬木位子上，动也不动地凝视着车厢外面。她的脸略显苍白，两只大眼睛又黑又亮。这个朴素孤单的美丽少女，立刻引起了车上旅客们的注意。,The schoolgirl was wearing a short white muslin gown,white cotton stockings and white canvas shoes,and in her hand was a plain white,handherchief,-in short,she was dressed from head to foot in white.,Travelling,alone,she was sitting perfectly still in one corner of the carriage and looking out of the window.Her face was pale,but her large black eyes were brilliant.Soon this,solitory,attractive but simply clad girl had aroused the interest of her fellow,tassengers,。,