语法专项讲练.ppt

语法专项讲练,介词和介词短语,语法精讲,一、表进行意义的四类介词短语,1,at,名词,at work,在办公,at play,在玩耍,at lunch,在吃中午饭,at rest,在休息,at table,在吃饭,at school,在上学,at church,在做礼拜,at peace,和平时期,at press,正在排印,语法精讲,He was,at dinner,when I came.,我来时他正在吃饭。,She stayed,at work,when everybody else had gone home.,别人都回家了，她却还在工作。,语法精讲,2,in,名词,in action,在运转,in progress,在进行,in operation,在运行中,He is,in the army,.,他正在当兵。,Hes been,in politics,all his life.,他一生从政。,Her husband was,in business,.,她丈夫是经商的。,He looks tired.He is,in need,of a rest.,他看来很累了，需要休息一会儿。,语法精讲,3,on,名词,on guard,在值勤,on leave,在休假,on holiday,在度假,on strike,在罢工,on sale,在出售,on loan,借贷,on the increase,正在增加,on the go,正在活动，正在奔走,on the march,在行军,on the watch,注意，提防,on the air,正在广播,语法精讲,Are you here,on business,or for pleasure?,你是来出差还是来玩？,The typist is away,on holiday,this week.,打字员本周休假。,The man,on watch,didnt notice the danger.,值班的人没有注意到这危险。,语法精讲,4,under,名词,(,名词前有时有冠词修饰,),under development在发展中,under observation,在观察中,under test,在被测试,under construction,在建设中,under fire,在炮火中,under examination,在检查中,语法精讲,under consideration,在考虑中,under repair,在修理中,Dont worry.Everything is,under control,.,别担心，一切都在控制之中。,That has no relation to the matter,under discussion,.,这和讨论的问题没有关系。,语法精讲,(,2011,四川卷,),Nickits good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there.,A.in B.for C.of D.on,【,解析,】,本题考查介词。,on China,关于中国。,【,答案,】,D,考点链接,语法精讲,二、原因介词,because of,due to,thanks to,because of,因为，由于，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。,due to,由于，因为，通常作表语。,thanks to,幸亏，多亏，既可用于褒义，又可用于贬义，多用于句首。,语法精讲,The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday,because of,the heavy rain.,由于大雨这次运动会将推迟到下星期六举行。,His illness was,due to,smoking and drinking.,他的病是由于吸烟喝酒引起的。,语法精讲,三、,for,与,of,表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语,1,It is,adj.,of sb.,to do sth.,sb.,be,adj.,to do sth.,当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用,of,。常见的形容词有,kind,，,good,，,nice,，,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel,等。,语法精讲,It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students.,The teachers are kind to help support the poor students.,去帮助支持贫困的学生，这些老师真好。,语法精讲,2,It is,adj,.,for sb.,to do sth.,当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用,for,。常见的形容词有,important,，,necessary,，,possible,，,impossible,等。,It is quite important for us to protect our environment.,对我们来说保护我们的环境相当重要。,语法精讲,四、,of,抽象名词形容词,of,great/much,抽象名词,very,形容词；,of,no,抽象名词,not,形容词。,It is of great/much value.,It is very valuable.,它很有价值。,语法精讲,(2009,年青岛高三质检,)The discovery of these tombs is_for scholars studying the history of the Tang Dynasty.,A,of very important,B,great significant,C,of great significance,D,greatly importance,考点链接,语法精讲,【,解析,】,of,great significance,very significant“,很有意义”；,of,后可跟,an/the same age/shape/colour,等具体名词，也可跟,importance/value/help,等抽象名词；,of great value/help/importance,very valuable/helpful/important,。,【,答案,】,C语法精讲,五、,to,与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”,to,ones,to the of sb.,语法精讲,这种表达法表示结果，用作状语，位置前、中、后皆可。为了强调，可在前面加,much,，意为“使某人非,常,的是”。,Much to my surprise,，,he left without a word.,使我非常吃惊的是，他没说一句话就离开了。,语法精讲,(2009,年高考辽宁卷,)Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time,，,_to my surprise,，,he arrived on time.,Alittle B,much,C,ever D,even,考点链接,语法精讲,【,解析,】,句意：约翰平时开会总是迟到。但是这次，令我特别惊讶的是他竟然准时到会了。,much,十分，非常，修饰介词短语,to my surprise,，在此表示程度，以加强语气。,【,答案,】,B,语法精讲,六、,by,的用法,1,表示“不迟于,(,某时间,)”,的意思。,I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week.,我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。,2,表示,“,在,期间,”,(,一段指明的时间,),的意思。,They decided to travel by night.,他们决定在夜里旅行。,3,指人体或物体的某一部分。,语法精讲,He seized me by the arm.,他抓住了我的胳膊。,4,表示,“,由于,的结果,”,的意思,。,He succeeded by hard work.,他由于努力工作而成功了。,5,含有,“,到,的程度,”,的意思。,This one is shorter than the other by three inches.,这一个比那一个短三英寸。,We lost the match by one goal.,我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。,语法精讲,6,表示买卖东西所按的计算的数或量，或付酬所按的计算的时间。,Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.,牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，蛋类论打卖。,7,表示,“,按照,”,或,“,根据,”,的意思。,By my watch,，,the time is half past eleven.,按我的表，现在是十一点半。,语法精讲,By the expression on his face,，,he seemed to be displeased.,从他的面部表情来看，他似乎不高兴。,8,表,示,“,因,而得到结果,”,或,“,凭着的意思。,It was only by chance that I heard the news.,我只是偶然听到了这个消息。,语法精讲,(2011,年海淀一模,)Would you please tell me what time it is?,Its five minutes to nine_my watch.,A,on B,by,C,at D,in,【,解析,】,考查介词辨析。下句句意：我的表现在是,8,点,55,分。介词,by,表示“,从,看，依，按照”。例如：,What is the time by your watch,？“你的表现在几点了？”,【,答案,】,B,考点链接,高考体验,点击进入,模拟演练,点击进入,