雅思小作文图表写作技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小作文各图写作技巧,派图介绍,单派,双派,多派,2,派图的写作技巧,图中找类别,按类分段,3,派图的重难点,如何准确把握图中的信息,如何正确转述图中的信息,如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同,如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象,4,2.13,派图词汇基础之占据,Represent,Occupy,Stand for,Account for,5,2.16,派图的常用句型,“,占”：,account for,hold,make up,take up,constitute,comprise,represent.,百分比,：,percentage,，,proportion,share.,“,约”：,the majority of,most of,a considerable number of,a minority of,just over,slightly more than/less than,nearly half,确切数字,(1),分数与百分比的转化：,one third,two fifths,(2),常见表达：,a quarter,a half.,6,Eg1:,整,体,+,局部,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given in the pie charts below.,7,8,P1,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,The two,graphs,describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in the United States.,9,P2,It can be seen from,the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purposes.,Specifically,industry,accounts for,the,largest,proportion,(41,%)of the used energy,while,demand of transportation,makes up,26%of the total need of energy.Residential and commercial,represent,19%and 14%,respectively.,10,P3,According to the second pie chart,it clearly shows,that heating and air conditioning account for the largest proportion(62%)in the residential energy use while the small appliances makes up,the least,proportion(10%).The heating water and miscellaneous,(including cooking),constitutes,15%and 13%,respectively,.,11,P4,From the chart,we may,have a basic understanding of the situation,of energy use in the United States.,12,线图审图技巧,趋势描述,速度描述,极点交点起点重点的描述,线图的写作技巧,趋势描述多样化,线图解析,13,线图的重难点,交,点难掌控,图,内对比看不出,14,线图的常用句型,先,(,上升,/,下降,),后,(,下降,/,上升,),，之后便平稳,对峰值和低谷的描述,趋势相同描述,对未来的表述,对波动的描述,15,先,(,上升,/,下降,),后,(,下降,/,上升,),，之后便平稳,1.,According to the data,the years,from to,saw/witness a rise/climb/drop,in the,number/rate/percentage/proportion of,对象,from,数据,to,数据，,which was followed by a,rapid decrease/reduce/increase,over the.years,16,2.The number/rate,dropped/went up again,fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then,went up/climbed gradually,until XXX,year,when,there was a leveling off/leveling out,at,数据,for,一段时间,17,1.Also it can be noticed that in XXX,year,the number/percentage,reached the,bottom.,However/on the contrary,XXX year,saw the peak,during this period.,2.,时间点，,when the number/percentage,reached(amounted to)to a peak of,/a,high point at,3.,时间点,when the number/percentage,bottomed out(at),对峰值和低谷的描述,18,The proportion/number of,对象,in the xx and,xx,are similar and follow the same trend.,In XX,the figures were xx%and xx%respectively,rising to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX,after dipping to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX.Thereafter.,趋势相同描述,19,对未来的表述,is projected to as to,is expected to as for,is forecasted to,is estimated to,20,对波动的描述,as can be seen from the graph,the two curves,show the fluctuation of,fluctuated dramatically,between xx%and xx%during period.,21,柱图审图技巧,关键是,“比较”,&“,对比”,找出,similarity&difference,既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写,各个柱形的个性特征,22,柱图的写作技巧,单柱,如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势,如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。,多柱,如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,23,柱形图的常用句型,The bar chart illustrates that.,According to the bar chart,.,From the bar chart,we can see clearly that.,It is clear/apparent from the chart that.,The bar chart depicts,描述,(that).,the bar chart leads us to the conclusion,结论,that.,24,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,25,P1,The graph below shows,the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work,in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,题目,The,bar,graph shows the,changing patterns,in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters,in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.,26,P2,The number of people using trains at first,rose,from,just,under 20%,in,1960,to about 26%,in,1980,but then,fell back,to about 23%in,2000,.,27,P3,Use of the tube was,relatively stable,falling,from around 27%,of commuters in,1960,to 22%,in,1980,but,climbing back to,reach 25%,by,2000,.,28,P4,On the other hand,the use of cars,increased steadily,from just over 5%,in,1960,to 23%,in 1980,reaching almost 40%,by,2000,whereas,the popularity of buses has,declined,since,1960,falling,f,rom just under 35%,in,1960,to 27%,in 1980,and,only 15%,in,2000,.,29,P5,The graph indicates,the growing use,of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the,continued decline,in,the popularity,of buses from being t,he most popular,mode of transport in 1960 to,the least popular,in 2000.,30,表格图审图技巧,1.,有,时间因素表,格：,按,照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图,2.,有,地域因素表,格：,注,意横向比较，并根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明,3.,包,含其他因素的表,格：,分,别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明,31,表格图的写作技巧,1.,快,速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题,2.,看,题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本,身筛,选信息，圈定关键数,据整,理写作顺序,32,表格图的重难点,1.,数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征,2.,如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来,3.,写的时候如何不遗漏信息,33,34,P1,The table demonstrates the data,regarding,the subway system in six cities,including,date opened,kilometers of route,and,passengers per year(in millions),35,P2,In terms of,d,ate opened,London,has the,most time-honored,(1863)subway system among the six cities while subway system in,Los Angeles,is,the newest one,opened in 2001.（,最老，最新,）,Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927,respectively,.,时间顺序,After that,systems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981,differently.,36,As for the size of the railway system,London still,ranks the first,meaning it has,the longes,t subway system(384 kilometers)among the six cities,which is,roughly twice as large as,the system in Paris.,（,最长,）,By contrast,subway system in Kyoto is,shorter,(11 kilometers),than the others,even,though,it opened in relatively recent year.,（,最短,）,The kilometers of route in Tokyo,Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155,126 and 28,differently.,37,The third part,is passengersper year in millions,.,More exactly,the,top three,are Tokyo(1927),Paris(1191)and London(775).,Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 millions passengers per year.,Systems in Los Angeless and Kyotos carry,fewer,passengers per year(50 and 45,respectively),.,38,Thus,it can be clearly seen from,the table that the subway systems in Tokyo and Paris serves for,more passengers,whereas,the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry,fewer passengers,mainly because of,the short route.,39,对于不同时间同一事物的比较,先相减,/,相加，,后分组,哪些是增加，哪些是减少,幅度大的与幅度小的分组,40,The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.剑6 P52,41,增加的,Car,Long distance bus,Train,Taxi,幅度大的 Car,+1607,减少的,Walking,Bicycle,Local bus,幅度大的 Local bus,-155,42,P1,The table demonstrates how,different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000.,In general,the modes,are classified into two kinds,in terms of,average miles travelled per person per year:one enjoyed rising,popularity,while the other,decreasing,.,43,P2,The travel modes which,gained popularity,in the period included,cars,long distance buses,trains,taxis and others.,Cars,remained top,among the modes in the 15 years,with its average miles,increasing considerably,from 3,199,in 1985,to 4,806,in 2000.,Long distance buses and taxis,seemed to be warmly welcomed,by travelers,so average miles travelled in the two modes,almost tripled,44,P3,Travels by walking,bicycles and local buses,lost travelers favor,in the one and a half,decade.Average,travelling distance by local buses,suffered the biggest decrease,dropping,from 429 to 274,while the number of miles by walking and bikes,fell mildly,from 255 to 237,and,from 51 to 41,respectively.,45,P4,Overall,the number of miles travelled by the average per person,rose,from 4,740 miles,in 1985,to 6,475 miles,in 2000,with the increase of cars,accounting for,almost all of that increase.,46,流程图审图技巧,流程图的本质其实就是要求考生将图中出现的文,字信,息用连贯的语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。,47,流程图的写作技巧,1.,时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时,2.,经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式,3.,找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段,4.,掌握表示,“,顺序,”,的连接词,(Sequencing Words)用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序,5.,对于题目里出现的专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可,48,流程图的重难点,1.,语,言组织,2.,逻,辑顺序,3.,是,否如实反应图中的信息,49,流程图的常用单词,过程：,process,、,procedure,阶段,/,步骤：,stage,、,step,连接词：,1.,第一步：,at first,、,to begin with,、,in the first stage,2.,下一步：,then,、,next,、,the second stage,3.,最后：,finally,、,lastly,、,the final stage,4.,平行步骤：,meanwhile,、,at the same time,50,流程图的常用句型,The following diagraph,shows the structure,of,The picture,illustrates,It mainly,consists of,It,works as follows:,It usually,involves following steps,:,The whole procedure,can be divided intostages,.,51,First,Stages,The process,starts from,The process,begins with.,In terms of.,the first stage is that.,At the,beginning of the cycle,The beginning of the whole cycle,is marked by,52,Stages,At this point;then;in the next step;after that;afterwards,The second stage is,The next step in the process is,53,End,Stages,In the final stage,The final procedure/step of this process is,This marks the end of the process and the beginning of a new one,is the last step in the procedure.,54,Lasting time,The stage,lasts for,30 minutes until,After a period of,30 minutes,It,takes,10,days for,X,to,After a period of,Before,it takes 30 minutes to,30 minutes,have to be spent,on this process before,55,剑6P75,56,57,P1,The first diagram shows that,there are four main stages,in the life of the silk worm.,First of all,eggs are produced by the moth and,it takes,ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.,This stage lasts for,up to six weeks,until,the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.,After a period of,about three weeks,the adult moths,eventually,emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.,58,P2,The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.,Once,selected,they are,boiled,in water and the threads can be separated in the,unwinding,stage.,Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long,which means they can be,twisted,together,dyed,and then used to produce cloth in the,weaving,stage,59,P3,Overall,the diagrams show that the,cocoon,stage of the,silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth,through a very simple process.,60,The map indicate the recycling process of glass bottles,61,P1,This diagram illustrates,the recycling,process of,glass bottles.,The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into,three,main stages,.,62,P2,In the first stage,used bottles are collected,at a recycling point,and,transported by a truck.,The second stage,starts in a cleaning plant,where these recycled bottles are sorted by color into green,brown and clear ones and washed by high-pressurised water.,When the cleaning is,done,the bottles are conveyed to a glass factory where they are cut into glass pieces which are then poured into a furnace.,30,63,P3,After being heated in the furnace,the broken glasses are melted into liquid,which flows into a glass mold.,In the final stage,new,empty bottles are filled with liquid,then packed and despatched to the supermarket,and,picked by consumers.,At this point,a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin.,64,地图审图技巧,注意结合地图中体现的细节信息，进行相互比较,与对,比，并体现对比结果。,65,地图的写作技巧,注意“变化”,（,1,）图形原有事物的改变,（,2,）图形新添事物,66,地图的重难点,1.,时态：,通常为一般过去时,2.,细节变化：,地图每个细节变化都要提到，不能忽略,3.,语态：,通常为被动语态,4.,书写顺序：,时间顺序,&,空间顺序,67,地图的常用单词,方位：,in the east/west/south/north of ;in the eastern/western/southern northern part of,建设：,build,construct,（一般建筑物），,erect,竖立,（,高大的建筑物,），,establish,/set up,（无建筑的物体或抽象的机构），,pave,（道路的修建）,68,地图的常用句型,It is,obvious,/,notable,/,noticeable,that.,It is,easy to locate/to find,that,It can be seen from the graph that,A is,located/situated/sited in/on/to,the east of B.,A is,in center/middle/central area of,B,A is,near/next to/close to/adjacent,to B.,A is,on the opposite side,of B.,69,Location,A lies,Shanghai,lies,in,the east of China,Japan,lies,to,the east of China,Mongolia lies,on,the north side of China,A is located,A is next to/near/close to B,A is at the east/west/north/south of B,A is right across from B,The road runs from to,70,Draw by yourself,The playground is,roughly in the middle of,the residential zone,.,The bank is in the,Northwest corner,of the residential zone,.,Houses are at the,bottom of,the residential zone,.,The motorcyclist is,outside,the residential zone.,The barbers is,opposite to,the bank,The supermarket is,halfway between,the bank and the barbers.,The supermarket is directly,opposite to,the stop,.,A,local bus,is to,the right of,the station,71,剑5P75,The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarketS)is planned for the town.The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.,选址型,72,northwest,countryside,Fewer customer,Low rent,Train,bus,centre,downtown,CBD,residential,industry,shoppers,rent,traffic,Satellite cities,73,P1,The map shows two,proposed,locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon,74,P2,The first,potential,location(S1)is outside the town itself,and is,located,d,just off,the main road to the town of Hindon,lying,12 kms to the north-west.,This site is in the countryside and so,it,would be able to,accommodate a lot of car parking,which,make,s,it,accessible to,shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.,75,P2,As it is also,close to,the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon(25 km to the south-east),a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train,.,G,enerally speaking,the rent is relatively lower in countryside,so it will save some,expending.,76,P3,In contrast,the,suggested,location,S2,is,right,in the town centre,which would be good for local residents.,Theorically,the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns,but as the central area is a no-traffic zone,cars would be,unable to park,and access would be difficult.,77,P4,Overall,neither site is appropriate for all the towns,but the out-of-town site(S1)would probably offer more advantages,and more reasonable,.,78,Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century.The map below shows the development of the village.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.,发展型,79,80,81,82,83,84,P1,The map shows,the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.,85,P2Chronologically,按年代顺序排列的,during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883,Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main road to its west.,86,P2,From 1883 to 1922,we see that the village,expanded,to south,almost,tripled,the,original scale,.,Besides,a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there,emerged,the Chorleywood Station.,87,P3,During 1922-1970,Chorleywood,extended,both eastward and westward and almost doubled the,previous size,.,88,P3,Then during 1970-1994,the village,accelerated its pace of development,eastward.This new expansion was almost twice the,sca