英国文学简史.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Realism and Dickens,裴蕾,&,王娟娟,&,段晶晶,Critical Realism,Dickens,Other representatives,.,Social Background,Industrial Revolution,(the second half of the 18C),victory of the bourgeoisie over the aristocracy,(,贵族阶级,),The development of capitalism,working class arose,Feudal VS bourgeois,classes for some time,1930s,fundamental contradiction,:,workers VS capitalists,.,Social Background,A,typical capitalist country,aggravation,(,恶化,),of contradictions,at home and abroad,parliamentary reform,(1832),the Poor Law,(1834),Chartism(,人民宪章运动,):working-class movement,(1836),.,Social Background,The Peoples Charter,(,人民宪章,),1837,workers political demands,The peoples parliament,gathered,1837,European,revolutionary events,1940s,strengthened the English working-class movement,late 1940s,decline,of Chartism,social contradictions&poems,Thomas Hood,(17991845),Mrs,Elizabeth,Barret,Browning,.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,Industrial Revolution,industrial workers,associations,1834,establishment of,the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union,，,aim:uniting,the whole working class,(a new stage),The Chartist Movement,late 1930s,London industrial North,February1837,a,petition,by the London Workingmans Association,six points,later known as,the Peoples Charter:,.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,1)equal electoral districts,2)abolition of the property qualifications for,M.P.s,3)universal manhood suffrage,(,选举权,),4)annual parliaments,5)vote by ballot,（无记名投票表决）,6)the payment of,M.P.s,Spring of 1838,the,Six Points,a Parliamentary Bill,the Charter of the Workers,rapid,development,of,the Chartist Movement,show,ed,Drafted into,.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,English workers,:,an,independent,political force,the industrial bourgeoisie principal enemy,the Petition,was,reject,ed by Parliament in 1838,(1,280,000 signatures),Chartism,spread,like wildfire after 1838,(economic crisis),a,second Petition,(3,315,000=half the adult male population of Great Britain),rejected in 1842,Troops by government,.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,the Trade Union Conference,Proposed:,the Peoples Charter,law,strikes,Strikes broke out in North,Chartism was,suppress,ed for a time,Revive,d during crises of 1846 and of 1848(level),Lingered on,till 1860,Result,:Chartism failed,Significance,:signified,the first,great political movement,of,the proletariat,in English history,.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,Chartist Literature,articles on political and economical issues,poems,short stories and essays on literature,a new theme,introduced into literature:,The,struggle of the proletariat,(,无产阶级,),for its rights,the Chartist writers,Remain true to traditions of English humanist and democratic literature,Portrayed the irreconcilable struggle(proletariat and ruling class),.Chartist Movement&Chartist Literature,expressed firm faith in the ultimate victory of the suffering people,Significance,:,The Chartist,poetry,heroic and revolutionary,played an,important role in the development of,English progressive,literature,in connection with the,working class movement,.,Representatives,:,Ernest Jones,Thomas Cooper,Willam James Linton,.English Critical Realism,English,Critical realism,appear,ed,(,tense class struggle),flourish,ed(1940s and early 1950s),English critical realists,a,satirical,portrayal of the,bourgeoisie,and all the,ruling class,profound,sympathy,for the,common people,.English Critical Realism,works:,the upper classes,VS,the lower classes,greed&hypocrisyhonesty&good-heartedness,Humor,(tinged with lyricism),Satire,Positive characters The bourgeois society,Fine qualities The seamy(evil)side,.English Critical Realism,Strength,Reveals the corrupting,influence,of the rule of,cash,upon,human nature,(root:democracy&humanism),Weakness,not realize the necessity of,changing,the bourgeois society,unable to find a,solution,to contradictions,works not of revolution but of,reformism,.English Critical Realism,Contribution,:perfection of the novel,“the,epic,of the bourgeois society”,Social and political events,Fate of individuals,19c novelists,:,A step further(,compared with 18c),Conflicts between individuals,The broad social conflicts above the fate of,individuals,Guess,?,Striking force and truthfulness,Bourgeois civilization,Misery and suffering of poor,The greatest English realist,-,Charles Dickens,Representatives,William Makepeace Thackeray,Charles Dickens,William Makepeace Thackeray(18111863),威廉,梅克皮斯,萨克雷,William Makepeace Thackeray,His Life,born in India,Indian Company official,5 years,sent to England,Cambridge,cartoon drawing,satirical verses,edited a student paper,1830,without a degree,His Life,Germany,France,Italy,England,The national standard,a bourgeois,radical newspaper,articles,satirical sketches,Vanity Fair,in 1847,peak,into politics,His Life,success in,Writing career,failure in,his life,1.,tragic marriage,2.neglected by Mother,3.looked down upon,by his peers,4.heart troubles,died of heart attack in London on Christmas Eve in 1863,His Literary Works,1),The Book of Snobs,势利者集,2),Vanity Fair,名利场,3),The History of,Pendennis,彭登 尼斯,4),The,Newcomes,纽克姆一家,5),The History of,Henny,Esmond,亨利,埃斯蒙德,6),The Virginians,弗吉尼亚人,Charles Dickens,狄更斯,(18121870),Charles Dickens,Family Life,Father John Dickens,Mother Elizabeth Barrow,Father was a Navel clerk,Financially comfortable and then poor,Parents were sent to a Debtors Prison,Dickens early years,Family imprisoned for debt,Young Charles forced to work in shoe factory:,Warrens Blacking Factory,Mostly self-educated irregular schooling,In 1827,he took a job as a legal clerk,He then worked as a reporter in courts and in Parliament,His Death,I never knew an authors death to cause such general mourning.,It is no exaggeration to say that this whole country is stricken with grief.,London and the Times,Charles Dickens created 20 novels during his life.,Offered us a profound complete realistic picture of the English society of mid-19th century,David Copperfield,Dickens most autobiographical work,.,the first person narrator,Bildungsroman,David Copperfield,Someone who is kind to others will be paid with kindness and evil will not.,Content makes happiness.,Money will not directly bring happiness.,Early period(1836-1845),Gentle social criticism,温和的社会讽刺,Fantastic optimism,充满幻想的乐观精神,picaresque,“,流浪汉小说”的结构模式,Exaggeration,夸张的艺术手法,The middle period(1846-1857),He,criticise,bourgeois and their morality,对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判,Gentle,moralism,温和的道德主义,The plot and structure are more complete unified,情节结构更为完整统一,Humor and satire,幽默讽刺风格,The later period(1858-1870),Humor and satire social criticism,广泛、尖锐的社会批判,Gentle reformism and strong humanitarian,温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义,Exploration of mans inner conflicts,尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计,Symbolism,象征手法,Characteristics of the works,the wide spreading of critical realism,the spirit of democracy and humanism,The construction of plot is pretty complicated.more than one minor clues besides the main core of the story,Literary style,：,florid and poetic,with a strong comic touch,Characters:,based on people he knew.,memorable in English literature.,related to readers,Autobiographical elements,Episodic writing:in monthly or weekly instalments in journals,Literary techniques:,idealised characters and highly sentimental scenes,social realism,incredible coincidences,