高三英语专题讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,How to grasp the main idea of a passage?,1).What does the writer mainly tell us?,2).Which of the following can summarize the main idea,of this passage?,3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea?,4).Which is the subject discussed in the text?,5).The best headline for this newspaper article is _.,6).Whats the best title for this passage?,I.,main idea,型,即,:,主题型,.,II.,topic,或,title,型,即,:,标题型,.,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式,:,标题的选择,标题归纳属于,深层,理解题。标题是文章中心思想的,精炼,表达形式。在阅读中，同学们不仅要能概括出文章的中心思想，还要对概括出的中心思想加以,提炼,，拟定出文章的标题,。,拟定标题的三原则：,1.,概括性原则,概括性原则要求标题在,最大程度上,覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨大意。要防止以点代面，以偏概全。,2.,针对性原则,针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。它要求标题外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度，要,直接,指出文章的主旨。,3.,醒目性原则,标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。,醒目,的标题可以吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。,破解方法：,通过寻找主题句往往很容易确定文章的标题。但大多数文章并没有明显的主题句，只是,暗示性,地体现主题，这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来,归纳,标题。,主旨大意（一）,主旨大意题属深层理解题。这类题要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文中所阐述的,事实细节,和,上下文的暗示,与,线索,进行综合分析，然后做出判断，从而得出,合理,的结论。,破解方法,:,“,寻找主题句”是破解主旨大意行之有效的方法，找准文章的主题句是解题的关键。关于文章主题句的位置的呈现有以下五种情况：,1.,主题句出现在文章开头。,2.,主题句出现在文章结尾。,3.,主题句首尾呼应。,4.,主题句出现在文章中间。,5.,主题句不明确（隐含在文中）。,1.,正三角形写作法：,即主题句出现在文章开头。文章开门见山地提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句。新闻报道、人物介绍或很多的议论文及说明文常采用这种方法。新闻报道的,首句,常常是新闻导语，导语实质就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。议论文的开头往往是,论点,，论点是全文的核心。说明文的开头是,引子,，也是文章的主题。,2.,倒三角写作法：,即主题句出现在文章的结尾。作者往往,先,摆事实，表述细节，,然后,做结论、归纳要点、提出建议，以概括文章主题。,主旨大意（二）,3.,圆形写作方法：,为突出主题，有的文章先在开头提出主题，在结尾处再次点出主题，以达到,首尾呼应,。通常，文章前后对主题的表述不是简单的重复，后者是对前者的引申或发展。,主旨大意（三）,4.,菱形写作方法：,有些文章的主题句出现在文章的中间（不一定是正中间）。这类文章一般是从支撑细节开始，发展到结论,(,出现主题句）。当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持、说明和发展。其安排表现为：,次要,主要,次要,。,5.,正方形写作方法：,有些文章没有明显的主题句，其主题隐含在全文各个段落中。在这种情况下，同学们要,综合,各段的中心思想，进行逻辑推理，从而归纳出文章的主旨大意。,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again.They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.,They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.,Q:,What is the topic of the text?,A.Young Thieves.B.An Unusual Illness.,C.Reasons for Stealing D.A Normal Childs Actions,.,Paragraph 2:,In America we have Halloween.In Mexico they have,Todos,Santos,which means“All Saints”.This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died.They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat.But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around.They also have many candy skulls to eat.,Q:What does the story mainly tell?,What holidays are like,What Halloween is like in Mexico,C.What happens during,Todos,Santos,D.What we do on Halloween,Passage 1:,You dream each night,even though you may not remember,your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your,heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.,Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the,sake of health.They claim that without dream,people,would go crazy.,Q:What does the passage mainly tell us?,How people stay healthy,How sleep is necessary,C.Why dreams are important,D.When people remember their dreams,As prices and building costs keep rising,the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend in the U.S.continues to grow.,John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.If you want to become a“do-it-yourself,you can go to DIY classes.And for those who dont have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.,Q:What would be the best title for the text?,A.The Joy of DIY,B.You can Do it Too!,C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!,D.Ross and Hatfield:Believers in DIY,Passage 2,Boston-Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early,Sunday and stole 11 paintings,including major works by Rembrandt,Dagas,Manet,and,Vermerr,FBI(,美国联邦调查局,)and the museum,officials said.,The first judgment placed value of at least$100 million on the works,stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum,said Boston police spokes-,man Jim,Tordan,.,William,Bobinson,of,Hardvard,Univercitys,Foggel,Museum,called,the objects stolen“major works.”,Q:What is the best headline for this newspaper article?,A Theft Took Place in Boston,Artworks stolen by Thieves,C.Major Works,D.Investigation into the Theft,Paragraph 1:,Reading is the key to school success and,like any skill it,Takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until,he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in,front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can,play quickly,accurately(,精确,),without thinking.Tennis,players call that“being”in the zone.Educators call it,“automaticity(,自如,).,Q:The first paragraph tells us _.,what automaticity is,how accuracy is acquired(,获得,),C.how a child learns to walk,D.how an athlete is trained.,In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat.Frightened?You shouldnt be,because these brains are only a kind of food,which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition.(,营养,).,Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan,an artist whose mother had been ill for along time.To help her become well again,he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat,vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines.Rich wine was also used in the soup to help illness caused by old age.Fus soup became the talk of the town.Many people came to see him.One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup.“Ill tell you,”Fu said,“but if your restaurant is going to sell to soup,you must call it brains because of its shape and color.And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.”,Q:The best headline for this newspaper article is _.,A.A Good Son B.A Special Soup,C.How to Make Brains D.How to Live Long Life,In the 1930s,a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called“,Lexico,”.However,he was not completely satisfied with the game,so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from“,Lexico,”to“,Alph,”and then to“,Criss,Cross”.He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial(,商业性的,)success.,Q:The text is mainly about_.,A.,Lexico,B.Three men,C.A word game D.Alfred Butts.,On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skater.He rolled on and on.Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror,breaking to pieces.Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!,Q:,What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the,paragraph?,A.,The roller skates needed further improvement.,B.,The party guests took Merlin for a fool!,C.,Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.,D.,Merlin got himself into trouble.,遵循,“,四字,”,原则,:,准,-,全,-,新,-,用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想,.,要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点,准确地表达出来,.,要排除那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要,内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小,.,所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发,读者的阅读兴趣,.,精,-,May you succeed!,