专题复习-阅读理解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,高三英语专题复习之三,阅读理解,软件用途,制作平台,制 作 人,制作日期,高考复习,PowerPoint,汝州市一高 叶金山,2003.2,The Content,The misunderstanding about reading comprehension,How to Do the Problems on Reading Comprehension,Basic Training,.英语阅读中的误区,The Misunderstanding,about,Reading Comprehension,误区1以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。,心理学与心理语言学表明：阅读速度与理解率几乎没有关系。即使有，正好相反：速度越快，理解率越高。,阅读速度快，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。,措施：,1.经常进行限时阅读,。,不仅注意准确率，更要注重速度，逐渐养成习惯。,2.强制把手或笔等物体离开读物。让大脑活动,、,眼睛转动和手指,翻书。,3、进行意群阅读，扩大视幅。逐词阅读还会割断词与词的联系。,误区2.,阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。,实验证明，默读是朗读的2倍。,过分依赖声音而非语意，将影响阅读的广度和深度。,1.阅读时紧闭双唇。,2.有意识地将阅读速度加快到超过讲话的最快速度。,措施：,误区3.,阅读英语时，先将英文译成母语然后经过母语去理解所读的内容。,阅读经过多重的翻译环节，必然会影响阅读速度.,1、阅读英文时用英语思考非常必要。,2、经过大量的快速阅读训练，脑子会自然而然地与英语建立直接的联系。,措施：,误区4.,对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂，再次倒回去读。,倒读,次数太多会影响阅读速度。,对一篇,文章的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要求记住每个细节。,1.建立只读一遍就能懂的自信心。,2、首先理解文章大意。,3、阅读中目光始终从左到右移动。（除根据题目要求，有必要重读有些内容外）,措施：,误区5.,平时,阅读中不适当地,、,非常频繁地使用英汉词典。,一篇,文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意。,阅读效率低下。,1.阅读训练时，选择在词汇和语法深度上与自己相当的材料。（生词10）,2.采用上下文分析或根据词根、前、后缀等方法猜词。,3.完成阅读训练任务后,有必要重读该文章,，,查生词的准确含义,，,并记忆,。,措施：,.如何做阅读理解题,How to Deal with the,Problems,on Reading Comprehension,考查目标：,对不同体裁的语言材料的,理解能力,，以及通过对材料的阅读，从材料中,捕获信息的能力,。,四项要求：,1、不但要求掌握所读材料的,主旨大意、中心思想,，而且要求掌握文章中的,详细事实与细节,。,2、不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其,抽象含义,的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其,深层含义,，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。,3、既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系,进行判断和推理,。,4、既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的,生活常识,去分析、理解问题。,阅读理解题型设计：,A.,事实询问题,B.,推理判断题,C.,数据推算题,D.,识图解意题,E.,主旨大意题,F.,常识题,A.,事实询问题,此类题型的问题以,what、who、which、when、where、how或者,why,等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。,做题要领：,1.明确题意,，,顺藤摸瓜。,2.按照要求,，,寻找答案源。,3.找准关键词,，,明白其暗,示作用。,4.多读课文,，,正确使用排,除法。,B.,推理判断题,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章,隐含意思,，又要求学生对,作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展,作正确的推理判断，力求,从作者的角度,去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,这类试题常以如下句式发问：,1,.,What can you conclude from this passage？,2.Whats the authors attitude towards.？,3.We can infer from the passage that.,4.Which statement is(not)true?,做题要领：,1.在阅读时，要挖掘文章,的,深层,含义。,2.抓住材料,实质性,的东,西。,C.,数据推算题,要求考生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系,做简单计算和推断,。,D.,识图解意题,此类插图题型是通过,图解、地图或插图,的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。,做题要领：,1.把文章与图示结合起来，,图文互相参照、互相验证。,2.若是地图，则要做到,方位明确,。,3.要正确理解文中,方位介词,及有关信息词的重要意义。,E.,主旨大意题,此类题型用以考查考生对文章,主题或中心思想,的领会和理解能力。,一类题型为,主题,问题。如：,What is the main idea of,this passage？,What does the passage,mainly talk about？,What does the writer want,to tell us？,另一类为,标题,问题。如,：,Which is the best title of,this article/passage？,做题要领：,寻找,主题句,往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的,最佳标题,。,F.,经验常识题,此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项,综合,知识，包括：,社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度,。,此类题往往,与文章没有直接关系,，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。,做题要领：,.阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-,Meaning-guess,NMET阅读理解,能力类型,99,00,01,02,1.推理判断,4,5,4,4,2.分析综合,3,3,5,3,3.猜测词义,4,4,2,4,4.作者意图、态度,4,4,1,5.归纳中心主题,1,1,2,4,6.理解实事,4,3,4,5,7.逻辑排列,1,返回,Read the paragraph quickly and guess the meaning of the underlined word:,When a contractor is ready to begin construction of a superhighway,，,he makes a,preliminary,study of the drawings and blueprints supplied by the engineers.He gains mental picture of the whole job before he begins actual construction,A.preparatory B.extensive C.scientific D.necessary,答案,A,.,preparatory,。,preliminary,和,preparatory,的,前缀都是,pre,，,表示“预先”的意思，又根据常识，凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建筑前期准备，包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等。故,A,为唯一正确选项。,解 释,阅读理解基本,训练,判断词义的练习,判断句义的练习,判断段义的练习,题,型,判断词义,(一)、学习同义词,(二)、学习反义词,(三)、找线索,找信息词,，,判断新单词,(四)、根据上下文判断新词汇的确切意思,一.判断词义,二,三,（一）学习同义词，扩大词汇量,1.,Exercise for understanding the words,从,所给选项中选出所给单词的同义词.,1.,desire,A.health B.wealth,C.security D.want,(二）,（三）,（四）,2,.,fast,A.easy B.rapid,C.slow D.furious,3,.,mistake,A.check,B.fury,C.error D.figure,4.,fault,A.cunning B.mistake,C.dizzy D.silly,5,.,purpose,A.will B.thread,C.interest D.intent,6,.,employ,A.pay B.fire,Chire D.direct,7.,choose,A.appoint B.elect,C.defeat D.,honour,8.,last,Afirst Bfinal,Cinitial Donly,9.still,Acalm Bstormy,Cwarm Dnoisy,10.harm,Akill Binjure,Cheal Dtreat,（二）学习英语反义词,，,扩大词汇量：,从四个中选出所给单词的反义词：,1.,right Afaulty B.correct,Cwrong Dlight,2.Gradual,Ahasty BSudden,Cquick Dstrange,（,一）,（,三）,（,四）,3.,poverty,Awealth Bmoney,Criches Dcost,4,.,sameness,A.,humour,B.mixture,C.variety D.interest,5,.,unite,A.join B.divide,C.fuse D.tie,6.danger,A.guard B.safety,C.security D.lane,7,.,unlike,Adislike BSimilar,Ccopied Dtricky,8.smallest,Abiggest BOldest,Cheavy Dfat,(三)从句子或文段中找线索,，,找信息词,，,判断新单词,，,扩大词汇量：,Example:,Twelveyearold Sally was an,active,girl，,but,her sister was quite,sedate,A.pretty B.calm,C.protective D.energetic,(一),(二),（,四）,【,解析】答案为,B,calm,。,句中的,but,合符逻辑，指明,sedate,正是,active,的反义词。,calm,实为,sedate,的同义词或近义词。这样but,就成为寻找,sedate,这个生词意思的答案的线索或信息词了。,解 释,1.,He found an,unpretentious,job as a wheeler of cement,（,水泥）,and loved being unnoticed.,A.,unshowy,B.unlucky,C.easy D.unhappy,2.,Alberts success,after much,effort and practice,proves the,value of,persistence,.,A.time B.competition,C.,perseverance,D.beginning again,3.,He felt very,alone,;he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and,had met no,one,in the,inhospitable,city.,A.unfriendly B.uncomfortable,C.unhealthy D.enormous,4.,An occasional,respite,dur,-,ing,a long evening of study is desirable.Tom often,takes a short breath,between chap-,ters,or between assignments.,A.test B.review C.drink D.rest,5.,She sneered,You are the worst type of,parasite,.,You make me sick,!,You,take our friendship and love,but you give nothing of yourself!A.person B.enemy C.friend D.,one who lives on another,6.I want to stay in New York,but my friend tried to,dissuade,me.,A.deceive B.frighten,C.Talk out of it D.accompany,(四)根据上下文判断新词 汇的确切意思,典型例句分析:,Tom cant find,his,sneakers,.,A.Money B.bowls C.shoes,Tom cant find,his white sneakers,A.Money B.bowls C.shoes,Tom cant play tennis now,because he cant find his white,sneakers,.,A.Money B.bowls C.shoes,(一),(二),(三),return解析】,sneakers,中学课本中未出现过的新词。根据英语语法，,A、B、C,代入句子中都正确。作为名词的,A、B、C,代人句中意思也说得通。但在,speakers,前加一个修饰语,white,就成为,Tom cant find his white sneakers,那么,A,领则可去掉，答案则可能是,B,和,C,。,而在这句的前面再加一层意思，这就是,Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white,sneakers,.,这样一看就知道,bowls,(,碗）与打网球没有什么联系，而,shoes,与打网球却有密切联系，不穿鞋怎么打网球呢？,C,就成为唯一正确选项。,解释,启示：,这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看三个句子，每后一句总比前一句多一层新意思，每一题都有 一个相同划线部分的词语。必 须学会根据上下文提供的信息，结合一定的常识才能推理判 断出新词语的准确意思。,(四),判断词义练习 根据上下文，选出各题划线词语的准确的答案。,l.Jane is usually,prompt,.,Alate Bon time Cpleased,Jane is usually,prompt,for her classes,Alate B.on time，C.pleased,Jane is usually,prompt,for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.,Alate Bon time Cpleased,B,2.,Tom saw,an owl,last night,Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun,Tom saw,an owl,in a tree last night,Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun,Tom saw,an owl,last night but it flew away when he got near,Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun,A,3.,The boy wants a,pony,Adog Bcat Chorse,The boy wants a brown,pony,Adog Bcat Chorse,The boy wants to ride a brown,pony.,Adog Bcat Chorse,C,4.,He,rejected,the advice,Atook Brefused Cmade,He,rejected,the advice his teacher gave him,Atook Brefused Cmade,Since he,rejected,the advice his teacher gave him，he failed in the exam,Atook Brefused Cmade,B,5.,The children are looking at,an ape,.,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake,Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at,an ape,at the zoo,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake,Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at a large,hairy,(,毛的),ape,at the zoo,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake,Ca kind of bird,A,6.,The,trout,is very cheap,Afish Bfruit Capple,The fresh,trout,is very cheap,Afish Bfruit Capple,The fresh,trout,is very cheap,but I dont know how to cook it,Afish Bfruit Capple,A,7,.,Jack was,injured,this morning,A.ill Bhurt Csad,Jack was,injured,this morning，and he could not come to school,A.ill Bhurt Csad,Jack was,injured,when he played basketball this morning，and he could not come to school,A.ill Bhurt Csad,B,8.,The lady asked the waitress to get her a,saucer,Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate,The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean,saucer,Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate,The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean,saucer,to put her coffee cup on,Aa glass Ba cake Ca small plate,C,9,.,We seldom see a,sparrow,now.,Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane,Ca kind of bird,we seldom see a,sparrow,in the sky,Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane,Ca kind of bird,we seldom see a,sparrow,in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be,Aa kind of dog Ba kind of plane,Ca kind of bird,C,10,.,The plane,didn,t,take off,on time,Aarrive Bleave Csee,The plane,didn,t,take off,on time,Aarrive Bleave Csee,All the Passengers got on the plane，but the plane,didn,t,take off,on time,Aarrive Bleave Csee,B,1,1.,The,quiz,will be on Monday,Agame Bclass Ctest,The,quiz,for English will be on Monday,Agame Bclass Ctest,Im sure to pass the,quiz,for English on Monday,Agame Bclass Ctest,C,二.判断句义,例题,All the students in Toms class except Dick passed the exam,but no one in my class did.,A.My classmates failed the exam.,B.Im in Dicks class.,C.I passed the exam.,D.Dick passed the exam.,一,三,解 释,从句义出发，除狄克外汤姆班上所有学生这次考试都及格了，可是我们班没有及格的。,A、B、C、D,四个选项只有选项,A,符合,no one in my class did,其他,B、C、D,三项完全不符合句义，属于排除项。做好这类题的,关键在于较熟练掌握好各种英语复合句,。,三.判断段义,Some people say that salt water never freezes.This,isn,t true.Salt water does freeze.However,it takes a colder temperature to freeze salt water than it does to freeze freshwater.Salt water free-,zes,at twenty-eight degrees,.,Freshwater freezes at thirty-two degrees.The freezing temperature of salt and fresh water,.,例题,A.differs by 10 degrees.B.differs by 8 degrees.,C.differs by 4 degrees.D.is the same.,一,二,从文段看：盐水的冰点是28,F，,而淡水的冰点是32,F，,那么32,F-28F=4F，,两者仅相差4,F，,故选,C。,关键是在,扫读,中抓住段义，记准数据，事实细节或文 字的含义。,解 释,Thank you,