中国文化ppt.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chinese Culture,Think:what china culture include?,中国,传统文化是中华文明演化而汇集成的一种反映民族特质和风貌的民族文化，是民族历史上各种思想文化、观念形态的总体表征，是指居住在中国地域内的中华民族及其祖先所创造的、为中华民族世世代代所继承发展的、具有鲜明民族,特色,的、历史悠久、内涵博大精深、传统优良的文化。它是中华民族几千年文明的结晶，除了,儒家文化,这个核心内容外，还包含有其他文化形态，如道家文化、,佛教文化,等等。,Five famous symbols of,chinese,culture,Supreme Ultimate,Chinese painting and calligraphy,Chinese spirit of harmony,Chinese opera,Chinese classical,musiC,太极,太极是阐明宇宙从无极而太极，以至万物化生的过程。无极即道，是比太极更加原始更加终极的状态，两仪即为太极的阴、阳二仪。太极一词最早见于,易传,系辞,上,。,道家太极图,太极拳,是“太极”的一种派生事物，不等于是“太极”。太极拳的动静，只是“太极”动静的一种，不是“太极”的其他动静或全部。,太极拳是有形有质，是形质相成的体育运动项目。所以太极拳的传授不能只讲形，不讲质。既要讲形又讲质，做到形质兼备。这个问题要从历史上对太极拳最早立论概括说起。,太极拳宗师,王宗岳,在其,太极拳论,开篇说：“太极者，无极而生，动静之机，阴阳之母，动之则分,(,开,),，静之则合”。这段话有多层含义。其中“动之则开，静之则合”，是太极拳最早最高的精辟概括。,太极拳之理虽屡有阐发，但纵横以观之，习者芸望 明师绝少。那掩关自守者有之；将那精微所在深自秘惜，学子皆不得见；功力所限；对拳理精意管窥蠡测者有之，以此类孔见为据修炼则误已，倘竟以此传授则误人；于拳理懵然不知者亦有之，却说玄弄虚，言不及义，则更是贻害无穷。,陈式太极拳宗师陈公发科、心意六合门宗师胡公耀贞两位武术大师，以其毕生的精力和智慧体悟和实践着太极拳之真。冯志强先生得天独厚师从两位大师，将两位大师的倾授融会贯通，以自身对太极拳的深刻理解，对传统的陈式太极拳成功地进行了继承和发展，创立了深刻反映万物本象的心意混元太极拳（简称混元太极拳）。混，取万物万象意；元，为初始根本之意。冯先生将自己的真知灼见，贯彻到功法和拳法之中，以造福人类之心，毫无保留地奉献于世。我们的世界，是运动的世界。亿万年来，自然界中，日经月行，星环辰绕，莫不循圆以为轨道；水滴而形珠，石磨而状卵，石滚水注，莫不符合圆的规律；禽兽的扬降与走跃，也莫不留下圆弧之轨迹。人类发展了科学技术，而察今日飞机之螺桨，车辆之转轮；电动之机械，乃至物质之微观结构，同样无一脱离圆的运动。直线是无限大的圆之一段，点即是无限小的圆，螺旋则是国与其它因素的合成。圆运动乃是万物运动的本质，乃是乾坤大道。,二十四式太极拳,第一式 起势,Starting Posture,第二式 左右野马分鬃,Part the Wild Horses Mane on Both Side,第三式 白鹤亮翅,White Crane Spreads its Wings,第四式 左右搂膝拗步,Brush Knee and Twist Step on Both Side,第五式 手挥琵琶,Hold the Lute,第六式 倒卷肱,Forearm,Rollings,on Both Sides,第七式 左揽雀尾,Grasp the Birds Tail-Left Side,第八式 右揽雀尾,Grasp the Birds Tail-Right Side,第九式 单鞭,Single Whip,第十式 云手,Cloud Hands,第十一式 单鞭,Single Whip,第十二式 高探马,High Pat on Horse,第十三式 右蹬脚,Kick with Right Heel,第十四式 双峰贯耳,Twin Peaks,第十五式 转身左蹬脚,Turn and Kick with Left Heel,第十六式 左下独立式,Push Down and Stand on One Leg-Left Style,第十七式 右下独立式,Push Down and Stand on One Leg-Right Style,第十八式 左右穿梭,Work at Shuttles on Both Side,第十九式 海底针,Needle at Sea Bottom,第二十式 闪通臂,Flash the Arms,第二十一式 转身搬拦捶,Turning,body,Pulling,Blocking,and Pounding,第二十二式 如封似闭,Apparent Close up,第二十三式 十字手,Cross Hands,第二十四式 收势,Closing Form,和谐精神,中国传统文化的和谐精神主要是体现在三个方面，这就是：天人和谐、人际和谐、身心和谐。,（一）天人和谐,先说说“天人和谐”。中国古人在与大自然长期打交道的过程中，付出了许多沉重的代价。在敬畏自然的同时，也开始产生了战胜自然的幻想。像古代神话中的“精卫填海”、“夸父逐日”、“后羿射日”、“鲧禹治水”、“愚公移山”等等，历来被认为是表现人类与大自然作斗争的代表作。特别是填海、逐日、射日、治水、移山这些字眼，更是突出了战天斗地的一面，自然被划入“天人相争”的范围了。,（二）人际和谐,其次说说“,人际和谐,”。人与动物的区别之一，是人具有社会性，因此，处理好人际关系就成了人类与生俱来的重要课题之一，这一点在任何时代、任何社会都是无法回避的。在古希腊，曾经要求不同的人有不同的义务，但是这种要求并没有深入讨论，也没有明确提出彼此之间应该以何种关系相处。而在中国，人际关系却是各家学派共同关注的重大问题。因此可以说，是否强调人际和谐是中西伦理传统的一个重要区别。,（三）身心和谐,再说说“身心和谐”。一般来讲，身心和谐是在物质享受和精神享受达到平衡的情况下实现的，否则，只有单方面的满足是很难达到身心和谐的。但是中国文化在二者之间更加重视精神享受，贪图物质享受的人并不代表社会主流，而且历来受到公众舆论的谴责。所谓“安贫乐道”、“知足常乐”、“清心寡欲”等等主张，都是中国古人追求身心和谐的结果。儒家认为“道义”是至高无上的，孔子甚至认为“朝闻道，夕死可矣”，“饭蔬食、饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。”当然，儒家并不排斥富贵，也不是绝对禁欲，只不过强调“君子爱财，取之有道”而已。如果说儒家解决身心矛盾和谐问题的方法是教人“安贫乐道”，那么道家的解决办法则是教人“清心寡欲”、“知足常乐”。在生活条件极其低下的情况下，老子让人们“甘其食，美其服，安其俗，乐其业”，这与清教徒的以苦为乐没有什么两样。,Chinese Opera,HISTORY,The main features of Chinese Opera are a spectacle of song and dance which,together with the colorful costumes,make-up,acrobats,jesters,storytellers,acting,poetry and martial arts combine to present the Opera in a very attractive way.The earliest known theatre appeared in the Song Dynasty(A.D.960 to 1279)with a square stage enclosed by railings.During the period of first emperor Kublai Khan in the Yuan Dynasty(A.D.1279 to 1368)the opera had evolutional changes and the period was classified as the Golden age of the Classical Opera.In the 19th Century the Opera was dominated by a form called Peking Opera featuring colorful costumes,elaborate make up,facial expressions and was spoken and sung in Mandarin dialect.Other operatic forms also evolved using the dialects of different areas,such as Shanghai,Guangzhou and,Suzhou,.The plays come from legendary tales and some are interpretations of actual historical events such as The Three Kingdoms and the Outlaws of the Marsh.,Costumes,The majority of the Operatic Clothing design came from the Ming Dynasty(A.D.1368-1644).The magnificent embroideries,the gorgeous headdresses,the jeweled girdles for the men,the hair ornaments for the women,the high court shoes which help to increase the height of the performers and the different styles of face painting are the most attractive features people would like to explore.,Face Painting,This is probably one of the most fascinating arts in connection with stage costumes as each painted face has a special meaning to knowledgeable theater-goers.The hero type characters are normally painted in relatively simple colors,whereas enemy,bandits,rebels and so on have more complicated designs on their faces.Colors to distinguish the Characters Redder:Courage,loyalty and straight forwardness Blacker:Impulsiveness Bluer:Cruelty Whiter:Wickedness White Nose:Joviality,Chinese Opera in Western Eyes,Chinese opera has little in common with Western opera,and the screeching falsetto of the singers,the loud clacking of the clappers and the noisy banging of drums and cymbals can sound strange to Western ears.But it is the costumes,variety of facial expressions,the actors eye expressions and martial arts movements that mostly attract Western audiences.,Introduction of Folk music,When discussing Han Chinese music,it is common to distinguish two major styles:northern and southern.The styles correspond to the two major geographical and cultural areas where most Han people live.Although both styles emanate from the general Han Chinese culture,they differ in detail because of environmental conditions.The north is cold,dry,and windy.The hardships of life are reflected in the high-pitched,tense,and agitated style of folk song.The south,on the other hand,has mild weather and much rain.Life seems to be easier,and the folk songs of the south are generally lyrical and gentle in nature.Chinese music today is also influenced by Western musical concepts,.,flok music,中国乐器赏析,编钟,Gem of Ancient Chinese Art,笛子,History of,Dizi,(Bamboo Flute),坠胡,Zhuihu,(Bowed String Instrument),古琴,The History of,Guqin,骨笛,Bone Flute,箜篌,Konghou,柳琴,Liuqin,琵琶,Pipa,(Lute),磬,Qing,太平鼓,Harvest Drum-A Special Instrument,二胡,Erhu,-Queen of Chinese Folk Orchestra,埙,Xun,名曲赏析,百鸟朝凤,One Hundred Birds Serenade the Phoenix,春江花月夜,Spring Moonlight On The Flowers By The River,二泉映月,Repertoire of,Erhu,Melody:Two Springs Reflect the Moon,高山流水,High Mount Flowing Water-Chinese Music in Space,酒狂,The Drunkard-Repertoire of,Guqin,Melody,梁山伯与祝英台,The Butterfly Lovers-Violin Concert,十面埋伏,Ambush on All Sides,阳关三叠,Adios at,Yangguan,彝族舞曲,Dance of the Yi People,