增压器结构原理.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,世界品质 引发无限动力,Breathing,Life,into the Machine,热烈欢迎 来公司参加培训！,世界品质 引发无限动力,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司增压器培训教材,TURBOCHARGER TRAINING WUXI HOLSET LTD,王新建-,营销部 培训,世界品质 引发无限动力,联系电话：[phone],传真：[phone],联系人：王新建/潘建华,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司增压器培训教材,TURBOCHARGER TRAINING WUXI HOLSET LTD,世界品质 引发无限动力,无锡霍尔塞特公司介绍,INTRODUCTION,发动机为什么要增压,WHY TURBOCHARGE,增压器部件和增压器工作原理,TURBOCHARGER COMPONENTS AND HOW A TURBOCHARGER WORKS,为什么要动平衡,WHY BALANCE,增压器的性能及匹配-（可选）,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司增压器培训教材,TURBOCHARGER TRAINING WUXI HOLSET LTD,世界品质 引发无限动力,VCD（25）,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司增压器培训教材,TURBOCHARGER TRAINING WUXI HOLSET LTD,世界品质 引发无限动力,失效分析（可选）,FAILURE DIAGNOSIS,放气阀,WASTEGATES,增压器安装/检查/使用注意事项,DOS&DONTS,日常检查,routine maintenance,增压器常见故障及排除方法,FAULT SHOOTING,结束,QUESTIONS/WRAP UP,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司增压器培训教材,TURBOCHARGER TRAINING WUXI HOLSET LTD,世界品质 引发无限动力,无锡霍尔塞特工程有限公司介绍,WUXI HOLSET ENGINEERING CO.,LTD.,世界品质 引发无限动力,成立于1996年2月1日,Established on February 1st 1996.,无锡动力机厂（45%）与霍尔塞特工程有限公司（55%）的合资企业,A joint venture between Wuxi Power(45%)and Holset Engineering(55%).,注册资金10,000,000,美元,总投资14,000,000美元,Registered capital of USD 10 Million and total investment of USD 14 Million.,拥有国内40%的涡轮增压市场，是国内最大的涡轮增压器制造商之一,Enjoy 40%of the Chinese,turbocharging,market,is one of the largest turbocharger manufacturer in China.,遍布全国的售后销售和维修网络,Nationwide,Aftermarket,Sales and service network,无锡霍尔塞特简介,Intro to Wuxi Holset,世界品质 引发无限动力,建厂53年的国营企业,A state owned company with 53 years of history,主要生产柴油发动机，发电机组并拥有铸造分厂,Manufacture mainly diesel engine,gen,set and own a foundry division,八十年代初期从,Holset,引进了,H1,系列增压器技术,H1 series turbocharger technical license agreement reached with,Holset,in early 1980s.,合资前的增压器分厂是国内最早并且最大的增压器制造商,The largest domestic turbocharger manufacturer with longest history before Joint Venture,无锡动力机厂,Wuxi Power,世界品质 引发无限动力,集团总部位于英国，制造工厂遍及世界不同地区，英国，北美，南美，印度及中国,Headquartered in UK with manufacturing facilities in UK,North-America,South-America,China and India.,增压器技术处于世界领先地位,是世界上最大的中型和重型涡轮增压器制造商之一,World leader in,turbocharging,technology,is one of the largest MR to HD turbocharger manufacturer.,全球最大的200马力以上柴油发动机制造商-康明斯公司的全资子公司Wholly-owned by Cummins Inc.,the worlds largest producer of diesel engines above 200 horsepower.,霍尔塞特公司,Holset Engineering,世界品质 引发无限动力,建立世界水准的制造设施,To establish world class manufacturing facility,确保在中国,中重市场,的领先地位,To maintain market leadership in China in Middle Range and Heavy Duty market.,发展成为霍尔塞特亚洲战略中心,To become focal point for Holset Asia Strategy,无锡霍尔塞特的前景,Wuxi Holset Vision,世界品质 引发无限动力,型号 新型号,HC5 HX80,HC3,HX60,H2D,HX55,H2C,HX50,H1D,HX40,H1E HX35,H1C,HX30,HX25,产品系列,Product Range,世界品质 引发无限动力,康明斯,Cummins,沃尔沃,Volvo,依维柯,Iveco,斯堪尼亚,Scania,雷诺,RVI,小松,Komatsu,MAN MAN,等,ETC,霍尔塞特主要客户,Holset Major Customers,世界品质 引发无限动力,DFM,柴发厂,DFM Engine Plant,FAW,锡柴,大柴,FAW Wuxi and,Dalian,Diesel,玉柴机器,Yuchai,东风康明斯,DCEC,重庆康明斯,CCEC,其他主机厂,Other Domestic OEMs,出口到南韩大宇,Export to,Daewoo,in Korea,无锡霍尔塞特主要客户,Wuxi Holset Major Customers,世界品质 引发无限动力,在前五年内设备投资达到了六千五百万人民币,其中大多为进口设备65,M RMB were invested on new machines in the first five years of JV,most of which are imported.,先进的试验台位及质量检测设备,Advanced test cells and quality inspection equipment,目前年生产能力已超过15万台,Current annual capacity is over 150,000.,2001,及2002年将是第二个投资高峰年，2003年的年生产能力将达到近25万台。,This year and next year are the second high investment years,the annual capacity will reach 250,000 by 2003.,固定资产投资,Capital Investment,世界品质 引发无限动力,特,能力发展,核心件战略：,涡轮部件/压气机叶轮/中间壳/装配重点投资,集中优势，保障发展，规避风险。,1996.2,S/W,B/H,C/W,T/H,C/C,D/F,NUTS,S/C,O/S,J/S,C/B,.,.,16,1998.12,S/W,B/H,C/W,C/C,T/H,D/F,NUTS,J/S,C/B,.,.,11,2000.6,S/W,B/H,C/W,ASS.,C/C,D/F,J/B,C/B,.,9,2001-2005,S/W,B/H,C/W,ASS4,公司人员规模稳定、培训有效性提高；,有限的投资，最佳的效果；,非核心零件的专业化规模化,。,世界品质 引发无限动力,1999 年9,月通过了英国劳氏船级社的,ISO9001,审核,ISO9001 accreditation by LRQA in September 1999,2000,年4月通过了英国劳氏船级社的,QS9000,质量体系认证,计划通过,ISO14001,认证,QS900 accreditation by LRQA in April 2000,has a plan to pass ISO14001 audit,通过了一汽/东风等公司的质量体系审核,Passed FAW and DFM quality system audit,所有供应商都已通过,ISO9000,质量体系认证,All suppliers have passed ISO9000 audit,将引进6,管理方法,Will introduce 6 activity in the near future,质量控制,Quality Control,世界品质 引发无限动力,质量控制,全方位质量管理,供应商,内部,客户,采用预防性质量控制方式（,FAIL SAFE）,PQC（,产品质量委员会）,持续改进，满足/超过客户不断提高的要求,世界品质 引发无限动力,质量控制-客户质量,用户服务体系,售前服务,售后服务BIS/AIS-CAR,系统,PQC（,产品质量委员会）定期审查产品质量，满足用户的需要,连续不断的改进,CACI,世界品质 引发无限动力,质量控制-工厂内部,质量策划,控制计划,降风险活动,操作人员与专职检验人员相结合,统计技术,SPC,内部质量整改-,CAR,世界品质 引发无限动力,供应商质量提高程序,SQIP,供应商质量体系完善,供应商,PPAP,能力,供应商质量问题监控-,CAR,定期工作回顾,SQI,工程师/入厂检验员,质量控制-供应商,世界品质 引发无限动力,与康明斯有关企业合作,Work with Cummins licensees and Joint Ventures,东风，一汽和玉柴是我公司的,A,类客户,DFM，FAW and,Yuchai,are our Category A customers,争取更多的售后市场业务,To win more,aftermarket,business,创造产品出口机会,Develop export capability and opportunity,企业成立至今销售以每年40%的幅度增长,预计仍将保持快速增长态势,Sales growth of 40%per year since JV establishment,high growth will continue in future several years.,市场与销售增长,Sales and Marketing Growth,世界品质 引发无限动力,采用康明斯生产管理(,CPS)，,营销管理(,CMS),方法,Using Cummins Production and Marketing System,1998,年底,CPE,已达到,I,级水平,目前达,II,级水平,CPE achieved Level 1 by end 1998 and now at Level 2,CMS,方法从1999年起实施，初级阶段将注重客户小组工作方式,CMS introduced since 1999,focus on account team building at the early stage.,CPS/CMS,管理方法,CPS and CMS Introduction,世界品质 引发无限动力,康明斯市场系统,Cummins Marketing System,了解顾客的所有业务需求,而不仅仅是产品需求,Understanding customers total business needs,not just product needs,给我们的顾客全方位的服务-价值包,Provide a total service to our customers-Value Package,世界品质 引发无限动力,多次获得东风公司优秀供应商称号,Excellent Supplier awards from DFM for consecutive years,获一汽无锡柴油机厂质量优胜和最佳质量奖,Quality Excellence and Best Quality award from FAW,Wuxi,Diesel,获一汽大连柴油机厂,A,类供应商称号,Category A supplier award from,Dalian,Diesel,连续两年获,HOLSET,年度优秀奖,Holset,1999 and 2000 Quality Award were given to,Wuxi Holset,客户认可,Recognition Received,世界品质 引发无限动力,客户是我们企业最重要的客人。,A Customer is the most important visitor on our premises.,他并不依靠我们，我们却依靠着他。,He is not dependent on us.We are dependent on him.,他并没有打断我们的工作，他正是我们工作的目的。,He is not an interruption to our work.He is the purpose of it,他不是我们业务的局外人，他是我们业务工作的一部分。,He is not an outsider to our business.He is part of it.,我们并没有通过给他们服务而给他们施恩。正相反，他在,施惠于我们。,We are not doing him a favor by serving him.He is doing us a,favor by giving us an opportunity to do so.,Mahatma.Gandhi,穆罕默德.甘地,关心客户,Customer Care,世界品质 引发无限动力,英国,Huddersfield,-Turbochargers,-Holset Service-,美国,Charleston,-Turbochargers,美国,Memphis,-Holset Service,巴西,-Holset Service,中国,-Turbochargers,-Holset Service,印度,-Turbochargers,-Holset Service,荷兰,-Holset Service,介绍-世界范围内的合资企业,世界品质 引发无限动力,马力,Horse Power per Turbo,增压器型号,Turbocharger Model Name,产品功率范围,Product Range,Holset/MHI Range,HX Range,HY Range,世界品质 引发无限动力,典型应用,Typical Applications,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么要增压,Why Turbocharge,为什么要增压,?,世界品质 引发无限动力,提高发动机的功率,Increase engine power,为什么要增压,Why,Turbocharge,为什么增压,WHY TURBOCHARGER?,高原功率补偿,Altitude Compensation,中冷,Aftercooling,保护环境,Environment protection,世界品质 引发无限动力,提高发动机的功率,为什么要增压,Why,Turbocharge,提高发动机功率的办法有,Engine,Power,increased by,增加发动机体积,Increasing Engine Size,增加额外的燃油,Adding Extra Fuel,增压,Turbocharging,世界品质 引发无限动力,增加额外燃油,Adding extra fuel,+,O,2,=,POWER,为什么增压-提高发动机功率,Why Turbocharge:,develop Engine,Power,较多的空气消耗=较大的功率,More Air MASS(+fuel)=More Power,发动机功率与空气消耗有关,Power developed,by an engine is related to air consumption,.,世界品质 引发无限动力,O,2,发动机增加过多的燃油,Excess,Fuel Added to Engine,为什么增压-额外增加燃油,Why Turbocharge,:,Adding,Extra Fuel,世界品质 引发无限动力,增加发动机体积,Increasing engine size,4,cyl 4litre,80HP,247 kg,6,cyl 6litre,120 HP,344 kg,4,cyl 4litre Turbo,122 HP,286 kg,为什么增压-增加发动机体积,Why Turbocharge:,Increasing,Engine Size,世界品质 引发无限动力,Engine,机械增压,Supercharger,空气过滤,Air Filter,275,hp,机械增压,理论增加,200,hp to 275hp,Theoretical increase,200hp to 275hp,消耗,Uses 50hp,X,实际,225,hp,Actual,225hp,为什么增压-,机械增压,Why Turbocharge,:,Supercharging,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么增压-涡轮,增压,Why Turbocharge,:,TURBOCHARGER,涡轮增压器,TURBOCHARGER,利用排出的废气，无机械功率损耗，最高可提高功率,100%（30%-100%）,世界品质 引发无限动力,海拔较高时氧气不足导致燃油燃烧不充分，功率不够冒黑烟,Less O,2,at high altitude is,insufficient to burn all the fuel.,Low power and black smoke,.,增压器,可以增加发动机中氧气量，减少排污，增加功率,Turbocharger rotates faster,to increase delivery of O,2,to engine.,Clean emissions and power,为什么增压-海拔功率补偿,Why Turbocharge:,Altitude,Compensation,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么增压-保护环境,Why Turbocharge-Environmental,Protection,保护环境,Environmental Protection,增压可以保护环境,降低噪音,减少排放的尾气污染,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压,与中冷,冷空气,比,热空气,密度高,Cold,air,has a higher density than,warm air,.,向汽缸中输送冷空气=增加氧气含量=增加发动机功率,Delivering cold air=more O,2,per cylinder=more engine power,中冷降低空气温度因而增加其密度,Aftercooling,reduces the temperature thereby increasing the density.,为什么增压-中冷,Why Turbocharge,:,Aftercooling,世界品质 引发无限动力,两种形式的中冷,Two forms of,aftercooling,:,空-空中冷,Air to Air,水-空中冷,Water to Air,为什么增压-中冷,Why Turbocharge,:,Aftercooling,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么增压-中冷（空-水中冷）,Why Turbocharge:Aftercooling,Air to Water,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么增压-中冷（空-空）,Why Turbocharge:Aftercooling,Air to Air,世界品质 引发无限动力,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,增压器组成部件-,介绍,Turbocharger Components:Introduction,主要部件,Major Components,通用小件,Common Minor Components,应用,Applications,增压器工作原理,How a Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器组成部件-主要部件,Turbocharger Components:Major PartsHolset Engineering Co Ltd,主要部件,Major Parts,4=?,5=?,6=?,7=?,8=?,14=?,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器组成部件-主要部件,Turbocharger Components:Major,Components,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,中间壳,Bearing,Housing,扩压器,Diffuser,Backplate,止推轴承,Thrust,Bearing,定距套,Thrust,Collar,轴封,Oil,Slinger,压叶轮,Compressor,Wheel,压壳,Compressor,Cover,压端密封环,Piston,Ring Seal,挡油板,Oil Deflector,涡轮壳,Turbine,Housing,隔热板,Heat,Shield,涡轮,Turbine,Wheel,轴承挡圈,Bearing,Circlip,涡端密封环,Piston,Ring Seal,浮动轴承,Journal,Bearing,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器组成部件-主要部件,Turbocharger Components:Major,Components,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,你能说出以下部件名称？,Can you name,the following,components,on the poster,538 6,1364 11,414 12,36 16 7,8 31 33,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器组成部件-增压器铭牌,Turbocharger Components:Turbocharger,Identification,Holset Engineering Co Ltd.,检查铭牌,Check,Identification,1118010,H/AKZ,0100001,总成号,编 号,型 号,WH1E,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,增压器是如何工作的,How does a turbocharger work?,涡轮端,The Turbine End,压气机端,The Compressor End,润滑油供应,The Oil Supply,密封环,The Piston Ring Seals,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,增压器是如何工作的,How does a turbocharger work?,小结,Summary,世界品质 引发无限动力,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,涡轮端,涡轮壳接到发动机排气管道上,The turbine housing is bolted,to the exhaust manifold of the,engine.,废气驱动涡轮壳中的涡轮叶轮,The waste exhaust gasses are,used to rotate a turbine wheel,which is housed in the turbine,casing.,涡轮叶轮带动同轴上的压叶轮,The turbine wheel is connected to a common shaft which in turn rotates a compressor wheel.,世界品质 引发无限动力,越多的废气通过涡轮壳，涡轮叶轮就转得越快,As more gas passed through,the turbine housing,the faster the turbine wheel rotates.,随着涡轮转速的增加，压叶轮转速也增加，这样更多的空气通过空滤器后进入压壳,As the turbine wheel increases in speed,so does the compressor wheel.This creates a sucking process and pulls air into the,compressor cover from the,atmosphere(filtered),增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,压气机端,转速越快吸进去的空气越多,The faster the wheels spin,the more air is sucked,in.,空气进入压壳后通过扩压面,As the air is sucked into the compressor cover,it is forced through a diffuser area.,扩压面使空气压力增大并压入发动机,This compressors the air and forces it into the engine,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,这过程导致空气温度上升，有时达到200度,This process causes the air to increase in temperature,sometimes,upto,200 degrees C,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,润滑系统,：,增压器与发动机使用同样的机油,The oil used in a turbocharger is,the same as that used for your,engine.,机油既作为润滑油又作为冷却油,The oil is used as both a lubricant,and a coolant.,机油加压后进入中间壳，通过浮动轴,承和止推系统,It is fed under pressure into the,bearing housing,through to the,journal bearings and thrust system.,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,浮动轴承可以自由浮动转动,The Journal Bearings are a free,floating rotational type,.,为了能正常工作，浮动轴承与中间,壳及轴间应建立油膜,To perform correctly,the journal,bearings should float between a film,of oil(i.e.between bearing&shaft,&bearing&bearing housing.),油脏，进油孔堵塞将导致增压器,严重损坏,Dirty oil,or blockages in the oil,supply holes can cause serious,damage to the turbocharger.,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,密封系统：,在增压器涡端和压端都有密封环,环,Piston Ring Seals,can be,found,at both ends of the,turbocharger,密封环的作用是有效密封以免废气和空气进入中间壳,They are designed to keep,the exhaust,pressure out of,the bearing,housing,and the,air pressure,out of the bearing,housing.,涡端压端孔腔表面必须光滑无划痕,The surface finish on both,Turbine&Compressor end,bore must,be smooth and score free增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,小结,Summary,压气机壳的作用是什么？,What is the function of the,Compressor Housing?,增压器里机油的作用是什么？,What,is the function of the,oil in the turbocharger?,增压器涡轮壳的作用是什么？,What,is the function of,the Turbine,Housing?,增压器工作原理,How A Turbocharger Works,世界品质 引发无限动力,HX,系列增压器介绍,Introducing,The HX-Range,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,HX25,(,代替,H1C/E Replaces,H1C,/D/E),为,56-134,bhp,(075-100kW,）,发动机配套,Designed for diesel engines rated between,56-134 bhp(075-100kW),4,升发动机用,Fitted,on 4,ltr,engines,性能优越，包括有：,水冷中间壳增压器 带放气阀增压器,Optional,Features Include:,Watercooled Bearing Housings.,Wastegate Versions.,世界品质 引发无限动力,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,HX30/35/40(,代替,H1C/D/E,Replaces H1C/D/E),为功率在,120-330,bhp,(090-240 kW）,范围的发动机配套,Designed,for diesel engines rated between,120,-330 bhp,(090-240 kW),4,升到6升发动机用,Fitted,on 4 and 6,ltr,engines,性能优越，包括：水冷涡轮壳 水冷中间壳,配天然气发动机及带放气阀的增压器,Optional,Features Include:,Watercooled,Turbine Housings.,Watercooled,Bearing Housings.,Gas,Engine Versions.,Wastegate,Versions.,HX,系列增压器介绍,Introducing,The HX-Range,世界品质 引发无限动力,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,HX50,/,55 (,替代,H2C/D,Replaces H2C/D),配套发动机功率范围,290-455,bhp,(220-340 kW,）,Designed,for diesel engines rated between,290-455 bhp,(220-340 kW),10,升和 11 升发动机用,Fitted,on 10 and 11 ltr engines,性能优越，包括：水冷涡轮壳 水冷中间壳,配天然气发动机及带放气阀的增压器,Optional,Features Include:,Watercooled,Turbine Housings.,Watercooled,Bearing Housings.,Gas,Engine Versions.,Wastegate,Versions.,HX,系列增压器介绍,Introducing,The HX-Range,世界品质 引发无限动力,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,HX60,(,替代,HC3 Replaces HC3),配套发动机功率范围,320-530,bhp,(240-400 kW),Designed,for diesel engines rated between,320,-530 bhp,(240-400 kW),14,升和 16 升发动机配套,Fitted,on 14 and 16 ltr engines,性能优越，包括：水冷涡轮壳,带放气阀的增压器及带进气消音罩的增压器,Optional,Features Include:,Watercooled,Turbine Housings.,Wastegate,Versions.,Inlet,Suppression,HX,系列增压器介绍,Introducing,The HX-Range,世界品质 引发无限动力,HX,系列增压器改进,The,HX-,Range Improvements,Holset Engineering Co Ltd,HX30/35/40,新的止推系统,New,thrust,system,一只中间壳,One,piece bearing housing,压壳卡环,Compressor,cover circlip,HX50/55,新的止推系统,New,thrust system,HX60,压气机效率更高,More efficient compressor stage,世界品质 引发无限动力,动平衡的重要性,The Importance of Balance,动平衡介绍,Balancing-Introduction,世界品质 引发无限动力,为什么要动平衡,Why Balance,影响动平衡的零件,Which Parts Affect Balance,转子动平衡,Rotor Balance,不平衡因素,Out-of-Balance Forces,动平衡介绍,Balancing,Introduction,世界品质 引发无限动力,为了使轴承系统在增压器高速运转时能正常工作,To enable the bearing system to survive at the turbochargers high rotational speeds,.,HX25W 200k rpm=3333 rev/sec,H1C/HX35 140k rpm=2333 rev/sec,H1E/HX40 130k rpm=2166 rev/sec,H2/HX50 115k rpm =1916 rev/sec,为了提高增压器的使用寿命和耐久性,To increase the durability and lifetime of a turbocharger in service.,减少增压器发出的躁声,To reduce the noise emitted from th