十四、高三语法专项：特殊句式.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,十四、特殊句式,（一）省略,熟读深思,为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的某,一个或某几个句子成分，这种语法现象叫省略。,请观察以下各句，看各句各省略了什么成分？,1.,（,It,）,Sounds like a good idea.,这听起来是,个好主意。,2.,（,Is,）,Anybody here?,有人在吗？,3.(Do)You live here?,你住这里？,4.(I want)Orange,juice,please,.,我想要桔子汁。,5.,（,Are you,）,Feeling any better today?,今天感觉好些了吗？,6.,Where is Tom?,汤姆在哪？,I don,t know(where he is).,我不知道。,7.I wanted him to go with me but he refused,to(go with me).,我想叫他跟我去，但他拒绝了。,归纳总结,1.,有时为了避免重复或使语言简洁、重点突出,等，在不损害句子结构或引起歧义的前提下可,以省略句子中的功能词，如冠词、介词、连词,等；句子的某些成分，如主语、谓语或谓语的,一部分、表语、定语、状语等。,We,ll do the,best we can(do).,我们会尽最大努力。,(,省略谓语中的主要动词,),2.,“,主语,+be,动词,”,在口语中经常省略。,(It,s)Too,bad.We,don,t have time.,太糟了，我们没时间了。,3.,在不定式结构中，若不定式含有,be,have,have,been,时，通常保留,be,have,或,have been,而把其,余部分省略。,4.,在口语中，特别是在简洁的回答中，经常为了,突出答案，有时只保留重点内容或只保留主语,和助动词。,Have you finished your work?,你完成作业了吗？,Yes,I,have(finished my work).,是的，完成了。,（二）倒装,熟读深思,熟读下列句子，体会倒装句式的特点，思考在什么情况下用倒装句式。,1.Never,will Zhou Yang forget,his first,assignment at the office of,China Daily,.,周阳永远不会忘记他在,中国日报,报社第一,天上班的工作任务。,2.Only,when you have seen what he or she,does can you cover,a story by yourself.,只有等你见了他们的工作以后，你才能独自去,进行新闻采访。,3.,Not only am I interested in,photography,but I took a course at university.,对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修,过摄影呢,4.He can swim and,so can I,.,他会游泳；我也会。,5.,So little did they agree on,the plan that,they couldn,t settle their differences.,他们对计划有很不同的意见以致于无法消除分,歧。,6.,Were he,(=If he were)rich,enough,he,would,buy a new car.,要是他有钱的话，他会买一辆,新的小汽车。,归纳总结,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装,1.,以,there,here,now,then,such,引导的,引起人们,注意的招呼句,要全部倒装。,2.,表动态的状语，置于句首时,句子要全部倒装。,3.,表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部,倒装。,Between the two buildings stands a tall,tree.,在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。,【,点金,】,当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句,子不倒装，如：,Here it is./Away they went.,4.,否定词,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,by,no,means,at,no,time,neither,nor,等放在句首,时，句子常用部分倒装。,5.,在,not only.but also.,no sooner.,than.,hardly.when.,scarcely.,when.,not until.,so.that.,such.,that.,句型中，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒,装，但要注意：,neither.nor.,连接句子的,主语时前后两个分句都倒装。,6.only,放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。,7.so,neither,nor,放在句首时，表示主语与前面,的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。,8.,表语、状语或动词原形,+as/though+,主语,+,其他,时，句子要倒装。,Hero as he,is,he,still has shortcomings.,尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。,Much as I like,it,I,ll,not buy it.,尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。,9.however,放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在,however,后用倒装句式。,However difficult it,is,I,ll,work it out,on time.,不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。,（三）强调,熟读深思,熟读下列各句，思考句中强调句型的用法。,1.,It is,not only blind men,who,make such,stupid mistakes.,不仅仅只有盲人才犯这样愚蠢的错误。,2.,It was not until,you told me that I,realized my mistakes.,直到你告诉我，我才意识到我犯的错误。,3.,Was it,because you were stuck in the,traffic,that,you came late?,是不是因为交通堵塞你被困住才来晚的？,4.Why,is it that,smoking is not forbidden,here?,为什么抽烟在这里没有被禁止呢？,5.,It was,in 1988,that,he joined the League.,就是在,1988,年他入的团。,6.,It was,because her mother was ill,that,she didn,t come to school yesterday.,正是因为她妈妈生病了，她昨天才没来上学。,7.,It was not until,she took off her dark,glasses,that,I recognized she was a,famous film star.,直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位有名的电,影明星。,8.,Do,be careful when crossing the street.,过马路时一定要小心。,9.Mike,does,enjoy playing football.,麦克确实喜欢踢足球。,归纳总结,强调句的结构为,It is/was+,强调部分,+that/who+,其他。使用时要注意以下几个方面：,1.,强调人时可用,who,作连接词，强调其他任何部分,时只用,that,。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也,可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分,可以是主语、宾语或状语，但不能是定语或谓,语。,2.,强调句型的一般疑问句只需把,is/was,提至句,首，特殊疑问句用,“,特殊疑问词,+is/,was+it,+that+,其他部分,”,。,3.,在强调时间地点、原因或方式状语时，仍然,用,that,而不用,when,where,why,或,how,。原因状语,从句中只有,because,引导的从句可进行强调。,4.,对,not.until,结构中由,until,引导的短语或从,句进行强调时，需用,“,It is/was not until,.that.,”,这一固定句型。,that,从句中谓语,动词用肯定形式。,5.,强调句与主语从句的区别,含有主语从句的句子译成汉语时不可加上,“,正,是,”,或,“,就是,”,之类的字眼，而强调结构可,以；含有主语从句的句子若去掉,It be.that,/who.,原句结构与意义均不成立，而强调句去,掉标志结构仍然成立。试比较：,It was a great pleasure that we went,camping there.,（主语从句）,能去那里野营真是太令人高兴了。,It is football that is played all over,the world.,（强调句）,足球是一种全世界都踢的球。,6.It is/was.that.,结构不能强调谓语，如果,需要强调谓语时，需用助动词,do,did,或,does,但,只限于祈使句和肯定的陈述句。,试题精选,1.,Why can,t I smoke here,？,At no time,in the meeting room.,A.is,smoking permitted,B.smoking,is permitted,C.does,smoking permit,D.smoking,does permit,解析,答句中否定介词短语,at no time,位于句,首时,表明了句子的主谓结构应采用部分倒装的,形式,即将句中的助动词调至主语之前。根据句,子意思该句为被动语态,排除选项,B,、,C,、,D,。,A,2.Only,as an interpreter,how,important it is to grasp English.,A.when,did I,work;I,realized,B.when,I,worked;I,realized,C.when,did I,work;did,I realize,D.when,I,worked;did,I realize,解析,only,引导状语从句位于句首时,主句必须,用部分倒装。,D,3.Zhang,Hua,is clever and works hard at his,lessons.,.,A.So,is Li Ming,B.So,does Li Ming,C.It,was the same with Li Ming,D.So,it is with Li Ming,解析,根据题干及句子结构可知,它含有两个不,同的谓语动词,当它的内容也适合另一个主语时,这个句子需用,So it is/was with sb./,sth,.,或,It is/was the same with sb./,sth,.,来表示。,选项,C,时态错误。,D,4.,that they may eventually reduce the,amount of labor needed on construction,sites by 90 percent.,A.Such,construction robots are clever,B.So,clever the construction robots are,C.Such,clever construction robots are,D.So,clever are the construction robots,解析,在,so.that,或,such.that,引导的结,果状语从句中,当,so,或,such,位于句首时,主句,要采用部分倒装形式。,D,5.Important,his discovery,was,it,was,regarded as a matter of no account in his,time.,A.when,B.until,C.as,D.although,解析,分析句子意思可知,选项部分为让步状语,从句,当从句中用作表语的形容词或名词位于句,首时,要用,as,或,though,但助动词不前置。,C,6.in 1812,the New Orleans Battle could,have been avoided.,A.If,the peace agreement was signed in,America,B.If,the peace agreement had signed in,America,C.Was,the peace agreement signed in,America,D.Had,the peace agreement been signed in,America,解析,根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知,该句,是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构,从句中谓语部,分应使用过去完成时,如果省略从属连词,if,句子,应采用部分倒装形式,即将助动词,had,调至主语之,前。选项,A,为陈述语序；选项,B,为主动语态；选项,C,时态错误。,答案,D,7.It was too noisy,outside.Not,until I,shouted at the top of my voice,his,head.,A.did,he turn,B.had,he turned,C.he,hadn,t turned,D.he,didn,t turn,解析,根据题干及句子结构可知,not until,引,导的时间状语从句位于句首,且表示过去某一时,刻所发生的动作,主句应采用一般过去时的部分,倒装形式。,A,8.It was,she was injured in the,accident _ she didn,t come to the,party,yesterday.,A.as;which,B.because;that,C.since;why,D.for;how,解析,根据句子结构可以看出该句是一强调句,型,强调部分是原因状语从句。此句的陈述语序,为,She didn,t come to the party yesterday,because she was injured in the accident.,B,9.It was on the farm,he spent his,childhood,he learned how to grow,vegetables.,A.where;that,B.which;when,C.that;that,D.which;which,解析,根据句子意思可知,第一空为定语从句,先行词,the farm,在从句,he spent his,childhood,中作地点状语,故选,where;,第二空为,强调的陈述部分,应由连词,that,连接。,A,10.,What did she want to,know,Tom,？,She wondered,we could complete the,experiment.,A.when,was it,Bit,was when that,C.it,was when,D.when,it was that,解析,分析句子意思以及句子结构可知,空格部,分为强调特殊疑问词,when,且为宾语从句结构,故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间,并且要使用,陈述语序,故应选,when it was that,。,D,11.Was it not until you began to work,how much time you had wasted,？,A.did,you realize,B.that,you realized,C.did,you not realize,D.that,you didn,t realize,解析,分析句子结构可知,该题为,It was not,until,的强调句型结构,故应选由,that,连接的陈,述结构,由于,not,前置,故陈述结构中必须使用,肯定结构形式。如果,not until,引导的时间状,语位于句首,则句子必须采用部分倒装形式,且,用肯定结构。,B,12.My parents,lots of food and money,then to make sure I don,t,starve;so,starving is,of my worries.,A.do,leave;the,most,B.did,have,left;the,most,C.do,have,left;the,least,D.did,leave;the,least,解析,did,用来强调动词,加强语气。,D,13.We have to admit that never in the past,twenty years,so greatly as today.,A.did,the city change,B.the,city has changed,C.has,the city changed,D.the,city had changed,解析,never,位于句首,句子用倒装语序。,C,14.The bus hit against a tree in the fog,and,to the deep,valley,with,ten,passengers killed and twenty wounded.,A.down,did it roll,B.down,rolled it,C.it,down rolled,D.down,it rolled,解析,down,位于句首,句子倒装；但是当主语是,人称代词时，句子不倒装。,D,15.In no place other than Britain,ex-,perience,four seasons in a single day.,A.you,can,B.people,can,C.can,one,D.can,it,解析,in no place,位于句首,句子用倒装语序。,C,16.,You ought to have given them some,advice.,but who cared what I said,？,A.So,I ought,B.So,ought I,C.So,I did,D.So,did I,解析,ought to have given them some,advice,表示过去的动作,所以用过去时,did,；,so+,主,+,谓表示,“,的确,”,。,C,17.China is a peace-loving country and,under,circumstances,first use,nuclear weapons.,A.no;will,China,B.no;China,will,C.all;will,China,D.all;China,will,解析,under no circumstances,“,决不,”,置于,句首,句子用倒装语序。,A,18.Much,he has a good,taste,he,can,t,avoid being influenced by advertisements.,A.that,he claims,B.does,he claim,C.as,he claims,D.is,it that he claims,解析,as,引导让步状语从句，状语置于句首,时，句子要用倒装。,C,返回,