时态和语态课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高中英语总复习语法系列,英语时态,时态是谓语动词的形式,表动作,发生的,时间或所处的状态,.,是由,动词的不同形式,来表现的,，,这就是,动词的时态。,英语时态,共有,16,种，常考,的有,10,种,:,一般现在时,(do/does,）一般过去时 （,did,）,一般将来时（,shall,will do,）过去将来时（,should/would do,）现在进行时（,am/is/are doing),过去进行时（,was/were doing),将来进行时,(shall be doing),现在完成时（,have/has done),过去完成时,(had done),现在完成进行时（,have/has been doing),一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成时,将来完成时,记忆一下,）表现存的状态,、情况,He majors in Maths.,I am a student now.,The coat is very cheap.,Does she work hard?,Is there anything wrong with youI.,一般现在时,动词用原形，主语是三单，后接,s,es,2),表现阶段,经常性,、,反复性或习惯性,的动作，常与表,频度,的,adv,或时状连用。,always,usually,often,frequently,sometimes,occasionally,，,every,at,on Sunday,，,once a week,I go to school at 7 every morning.,He is always ready to help others.,He seldom watches TV.,3),表客观真理,、,客观存在，科学事实和格言或警句中。,A plane,is,faster than a car.,Light,travels,faster than sound.,The earth,moves,around the sun.,Shanghai,lies in,the east of China.,Water,boils,at 100 centigrade degrees.,Columbus proved that the earth,is,round.,He who doesnt reach the Great wall,is,not a true man.,I _ping-pang quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.,A.will play B.have played,C.played D.play,Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storms.(05Liaoning),A.was called B.is called,C.had been called D.has been called,4),一般现在时的特殊用法,i,：一般现在时代替过去时表过去,在宾从中，尽管主句用过去时，但从句所述内容为客观真理或经常性的动作，其谓动仍用一般现在时,The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.,Every few years,the coal workers,their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.,A.are having B.have C.have had D.had had,ii:,一般现在时代替进行时,在某些习惯性表达法中，表现正在发生的动作或存在的状态,Here comes the bus!,There goes the bell.,=The bell is ringing.,iii:,一般现在时表将来时,a.,表已安排或计划好，将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态时，通常为,be,，,arrive,，,begin,，,go,，,leave,，,start,，,return,等,My birthday falls on April 24.,The meeting is at 8:00a.m.tomorrow.,Tomorrow we start for Shanghai.,b.,在含有条件、让步、时间状从的复合句中，从句用一般现在时表将来的动作（主将从现）,We will try to finish the work in time although we are short of manpower.,II.,一般过去时,1）表在,过去某一特定,时间发生过的,动作,或存在的,状态。常与表确切过去,时状连用：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,last night,just now,等。,Where did you go just now?,I saw Tom in the street yesterday.,I bought this TV set in Tianjin last year.,Did you get up early this morning?,2,）表过去,经常性,、,习惯性或反复发生,的动作。可与时状,often,连用,或,used to,would,连用,When I was a child,I often played football in the street.,He always went to work by bus.,He is no longer what he used to be.,-If the traffic hadnt been so heavy,I could have been back by 6 oclock.,-What a pity!Tina _here to see you.(2005 Hunan),A.is B.was C.would be D.has been,My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He_ there for a few months and then went to America.(2006 Jiangxi),A.worked B.would work C.would be working D.has been working,All morning she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness_.(2003),A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown,（北京卷）,22.Have you read the book called Waiting for,Anya,?(2010),Who _ it?A.writes,B,.has writtenC.wrote,D,.had written,III.,一般将来时,助动,will,动原：,在陈述句中用于各人称，（,shall,：,用于一人称，常被,will,代替）。,在征求意见时常用于二人称,。,Well go at six oclock tonight.,Which paragraph shall I read first,？,Will you be at home at seven this evening,?,一般将来时有几种特殊形式，即形式上属于其他时态，但表一般将来时的实质含义：,)am,、,is,、,are going to do:,表示将来。,。,a,.,表按计划,、,安排,要发生的事或主观上已决定,、,打算要做的事,The play is going to be produced next month.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,We are going to see a movie tonight.,I am going to buy a new car.,b,.,有迹象表明很可能要发生的事,Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.,It is going to rain.,2)be to do:,表将来,a.,表约定、计划或按职责、义务要求,即将发生的动作。,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,The sports meet is to take place on Saturday.,We are to meet at the station at 4 this afternoon.,b.,表说话人的意图，职责，义务，命令,、,禁止或可能性，具有“必要”的强制性意义,You are to return the book before Friday.,Tell her she is not to be back late.,We are to discuss the report next Sunday.,3)be about to do:,表立刻发生的动作，,“立即”，“马上”不久就要,He is about to leave for Qingdao.,be about towhen,就要做。这时,I was about to go out when the telephone,rang.,注意：,be about to,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表明确将来时的时状连用。,The film is about to begin.,be going to/will,的用法的比较：,用于条件句时，,be going to,表将来,will,表意愿,If you,are going to,make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.,Now if you,will,take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,（愿意 情态动词）,be to do,和,be going to,的用法之比较：,be to do:,表客观安排或受人指示而做某事。,be going to do:,则表示主观的打算或计划。,I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(,客观安排),Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(,主观打算),4),用于瞬间动词如,begin,start,come,go,leave,等的一般现在时或现在进行时表即将发生的动作,We start at 6 and arrive at the station at 7.,The train is leaving.,They are leaving for Tibet.,Our manager is giving a report this afternoon.,-Your job_ open for your return.,-Thanks.(2006 Beijing),will be kept B.will keep,C.had kept D.had been kept,Lets keep to the point or we _any decisions.(2004),will never reach B.have never reached,C.never reach D.never reached,In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they_.(2001 Shanghai),A.have survived B.are to survive,C.would survive D.will survive,Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I _my mum.(2001Beijing spring),A.am taking B.have taken,C.take D.will have taken,Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.The plane_.(2006 Fujian),A.takes off B.is taking off,C.has taken off D.took off,Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4025_at 18:20.(2006 Sichuan),A.takes B.took,C.will be taken D.has taken,I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone,for I sometimes want to make sure if he_ home for dinner.,A.come B.comes,C.has come D.will come,(,全国,II)14.If their marketing plans succeed,they _ their sales by 20 percent.A.will increase B.have been increasingC.have increased D.would be increasing,IV.,过去将来时,表从过去某一时间开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾从中would/should+do”,“was/were going to do”,“was/were to+do”,“was/were about to+do”,等都是构成形式,The students said they would go to visit the Great Wall the next day.,He said that he was going to live in the countryside.,They were to finish the task on Friday afternoon.,He was about to go when his father came back.,We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_ office soon.,A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left,-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?,-I_,but I had an unexpected visitor.,A.had B.would C.was going to D.did,-Come on in,Peter,I want to show you something.,-Oh,how nice of you!I_ you _to bring me a gift.,A.never think,are going B.never thought;were going C.didnt think;were going D.hadnt thought;were going,V,、现在进行时,1,).,表此时此刻正在进行的动作,常与,now,at the moment,for the time being,for the present,等表现在时间的状语连用,.,What are you doing here?,We are waiting for the bus.,The students are reading books,.,Are the children playing now?,2).,习惯进行：表近段时间主要进行的动作。（说话时不一定正在进行）。,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。,She is learning piano under Mr.Smith,.,They are learning Chinese in Tianjin.,-Whats he doing this week?,-Hes writing a book.,3,).,进行时与,always,usually,often,constantly continually,等频度词连用，表,经常或反复,发生的动作。往往带有说话人的主观色彩。表,批评或赞扬,等,。,You,are always changing,your mind.,You,are always forgetting,the important thing.,You,are constantly finding,fault with,me.,He,is always thinking,of,others.,Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _to ask how I am going to spend the money.(2005 Hunan),A.phone B.will phone,C.were phone D.are phoning,（辽宁卷）,29.Have you got any job,offers?,（,2010)No,.I _.A.waitedB.had been waitingC.have waitedD.am waiting,Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.(2001),A.is changing B.has changed,C.will have changed D.will change,A new cinema_ here.They hope to finish it next month.(2001BJ spr.),A.will be built B.is built,C.has been built D.is being built,VI:,过去进行时,1）表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与表过去的时状连用,。,at that time,at the moment,this time,yesterday,this morning,the whole morning,when,whileWhat were you doing,at ten oclock last night,?,We were having a heated discussion this time,yesterday,.,He was watching TV,when,I came in.,They were doing exercises at 7 this morning.,2),表过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作或持续的状态。,(,说话时不一定在进行）,They,were digging,a railway tunnel last week.,We,were having,a discussion from 7 to 9 last night.,）也可和频度副词连用，表过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，表说话人批评或赞扬。,always,frequently,often,forever,continually.,Premier Zhou,was always thinking of others.,He,was always playing,tricks on her uncle.,-Whats wrong with your coat?,-Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me _on it.(2005Chongqing),A.sat B.had sat C.had been sitting,D.was sitting,-Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.,-Where was I?,-You _you didnt like your fathers job.(2004 BJ spr.),A.had said B.said,C.were saying D.had been saying,The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when he saw it.,A.was traveling B.traveled,C.had been traveling D.was to travel,Shirley _a book about China last year but I didnt know whether she has finished it.,A.has written B.wrote,C.had written D.was writing,Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_.(2005 Liaoning),A.has done B.had done,C.was doing D.is doing,VII:,将来进行时,will/shall be doing,表将来某时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或状态。或预测将要发生的事,常用时状有,：,soon,by this time,in two days,tomorrow,on Sunday,this evening,tomorrow evening,My parents will be waiting for me at the airport tomorrow afternoon.,This time on Sunday I shall be flying to Paris.,Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.,Guess what,weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.,（,2010FuJ,）,-How nice!You,a different culture then.,A.will be experiencing B.have experienced,C.have been experiencing D.will have experienced,（安徽卷）,22.-Did,you watch,the basketball match yesterday?-Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the,match.,（,2010,）,A,.is playing,B,.was playing C.has played,D,.had played,VIII:,现在完成时,1）过去已完成的某一动作对现在造成的结果、存在的影响，常与,already,yet,，,just,ever,never,等副词连用,We have just finished the work.,The trees have just been planted.,He has just come.,Where have you been?,-I have been to the street.,He has gone to the library.,一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,一般过去时：,表示的动作或状态都已成,为过去，现已不复在。,现在完成时：,强调过去的动作对现在产,生的结果或影响。,2)表从,过去某一时刻,开始的动作或状态持续,到了现在,，并还有可能,继续,下去。常和下列时状连用：,during/in the past/last few years,so far,up to now,until,now,for a long time,since,since then,everrecently,these days,for 10 minutes,all day,Tom left Beijing for Shanghai and has worked there ever since.,I enjoyed Shakespeares works.Up to now I have read three of his plays.,It has snowed so far this week.,（福建卷）,25.So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.saw,B,see C.had seen,D,.have seen,3),曾经有过的经历不能为以后的行为所否定。经常与,ever,never,several times,before,连用。,I have been to the Great Wall twice.,I have never heard of such a person before.,4),在时间、条状从句中代替将来完成时。,Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,You shall have a week off when you have finished the work.,5),用在某些句型中：,It/This is the first/second time that+,主+现在完成时+其它,It has been+,一段时间+,since+,过去式,This is the second time that he has been fired.,I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should have heard from her by now.,(2002),A.hasnt written B.doesnt write,C.wont write D.hadnt written,The country life he was used to_ greatly since 1992.(2005 Shandong),A.change B.has changed,C.changing D.have changed,-Do you know our town at all?,-No,this is our first time I _here.,A.was B.have been,C.came D.am coming,-How long _at this job?,-Since 1990.(2003 BJ spr.),A.were you employed,B.have you been employed,C.had you been employed,D.will you be employed,How can you possibly miss the news?,It _on TV all day long.,A.has been B.had been,C.was D.will be,The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I _before.(2005),A.was having B.have,C.have ever had D.had ever had,We _our new neighbors yet,so we dont know their names.(2006 Shanghai spr.),A.dont meet B.wont meet,C.havent met D.hadnt met,（,全国,I,卷）,27.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long,time?,（,2010,）,Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.A.has joinedB.joinsC.had joined,D,.joined,IX:,过去完成时,1）表示在过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态。即,“过去的过去”,。,When I got to the cinema,the film had begun.,By the end of last month,they had finished two thirds of the work,.,Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,2)在,过去某一时刻,之前开始的动作一直延续到,过去另个时间,.,经常和延续性动词连用，与,since,for,until,引导的时状连用。,I was deep in sorrow at his death;We had been good friends since our childhood.,He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.,3)过去完成时用在某些句型中。,No soonerthan,Hardlywhen,Scarcelywhen as soon as,We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.,我们刚一到车站，火车就开了,一就,当,no sooner,或,hardly/scarcely,位于句首时，主句要采用倒装,No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.,This/It was the first time that+,过完,This was the first time that I had heard such things.,It was+,一段时间+,since+,过完,It was five years since I had left middle school.,4）某些表意图、打算、想法、愿望,的过去完成时可表示未曾实现的意图和打算。,I,had,hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/intended/wished/planned/,I had hoped to pass the driving test.,In fact,I didnt pass it.,I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone,it.Was it you?(2010Hunan),has done B.had done,C.would do D.will do,John,a friend of mine,who got married only last week,spent$3000 more than he _for the wedding.(2006),A.will plan B.has planned,C.would plan D.had planned,The news came as no surprise to me.I_ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.(2003 BJ),A.had known B.knew,C.have known D.know,When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour.,A.had gone B.had set off,C.had left D.had been away,-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?,-No,I _the book,so I already knew the story.,A.was reading B.had read,C.am reading D.have read,（辽宁卷）,23.We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A.,knew B,.have knownC.had,known D,.know,X,：现在完成进行时,have/has been doing,1）表从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直 持续到现在，并且可能还将持续下去。,2表示从过去某一时刻到现在，某个动作一直都在进行。,We have been learning English for more than five years.,（江苏卷）,33.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _ for it for,months.,（,2010,）,A,.is preparingB.was preparingC.had been preparingD.has been preparing,now,now,Where have you been living these years?,-Weve spent too much money recently.,-Well,it isnt surprising.Our friend and relatives _around all the time.(10Anhui),are coming B.had come,C.were coming D.have been coming,now,过过,过去时,过去完成时,过去,when,by,before,now,The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.,1.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.,A.had considered B.has been considering,C.considered D.is going to consider,XI:,将来完成时,will/shall have done,表示将来某个时刻之前完成的动作。,句中常有,by,引导的时间状语,You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.,高考链接,1.,（,09,安徽）,23.Daniels family,their holi