翻译常用八种技巧.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,翻译常用的八种技巧,常用的翻译技巧,1.,重复法,(repetition),2.,增译法,(amplification),3.,减译法,(omission),4.,词类转移法,(conversion),5.,词序调整法,(inversion),6.,分译法,(division),7.,正说反译,反说正译法,(negation),8.,语态 变换法,(the change of the voices),1.,重复法,汉语重复,英译时也重复,;,根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性,.,We have to analyze and solve,problems,.,我们要分析,问题,，解决,问题,。,Lets revise our safety and sanitary,regulations,.,我们来修改安全,规则,和卫生,规则,吧。,Gentlemen may cry,peace,peace,-but there is no,peace,.,先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。,Nels had it all written out,neatly.,纳尔斯把它写得,清清楚楚,。,这种人闹什么东西呢,?,闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。,What are they,after,?They are,after,name,after,position,and they want to cut smart figure.,2.,大,(,家庭,),有大,(,家庭,),的难处。,A large,family,has,its,difficulties,.,3.,天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。,The sky is,blue,blue,;,And the steppe,wide,wide,;,Over grass that the wind has battered low;,Sheep and oxen roam.,4.,寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚,;,乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。,(,译文,1,）,Seek,seek;search,search;,Cold,cold;bare,bare;,Grief,grief;cruel,cruel grief.,Now warm,then like the autumn cold again,How hard to calm the heart!,（译文,2,）,I seek but seek in vain,I search and search again;,I feel so sad,so drear,So lonely,without cheer.,（许渊冲译）,5.,青青河边草,郁郁园中柳。,Gr,een,gr,ows the,gr,ass upon the bank,The willow shoots are,l,ong and,l,ank.,2.,增译法,为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法,.,增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。,英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。,从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。,I am looking forward to the holidays.,我们等待假日,的到来,。,Much of our morality is customary.,我们大部分的道德,观念,都有习惯性。,Reading,makes,a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,读书,使人,充实，讨论,使人,机智，笔记,使人,精确。,Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.,读史,使人,明智，读诗,使人,灵秀，数学,使人,周密，科学,使人,深刻，伦理,使人,庄重，逻辑修辞之学,使人,善辩。,没有调查研究就没有发言权。,He who,makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.(No investigation,no right to speak.),2.,子曰,:“,学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”,Confucius said:“,He who,learns without thinking is lost.He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”,3.,虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。,Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas,conceit makes one lag behind,.,4.,交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方,.,这样你才能把工作做好。,Before handing in,your,translation,you,have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can,you,do,your,work well.,5.,只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。,The magistrate are free to burn down houses,while,the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.,(One man may steal a horse,while,another,may not look over the hedge.),6.,班门弄斧,Showing off ones proficiency with the axe,before Lu Ban,the master carpenter,.,7.,三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。,Three cobblers with their wits combined,equal Zhuge Liang,the master mind,.,8.,留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。,So long as,green hills remain,there will,never be a shortage of firewood.,9.Air pressure decreases with altitude.,气压随海拔（高度的增加而）下降。,10.Air is a mixture of gases.,空气是（多种）气体的混合物。,3.,减译法,增译法的反面,减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的,;,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反而累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。,省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省译可分为,结构省译,和,精炼压缩,。,所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。,如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段，那么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段，前者明显，后者隐晦。,A book is useful.,书（是）有用（的）。,The,earth goes around,the,sun.,地球绕太阳转。,On,Sundays we have no school.,礼拜天我们不上学。,If,you write him,the response would be absolute silence and void.,你写信给他，总是石沉大海。,A wise man will not marry a woman,who,has attainments but no virtue.,聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。,A square has four equal sides.,正方形有四条相等的边。,正方形四边相等。,You buy stamps at a post office.,You,是泛指的人称代词，译时可省略,（陈述事实）邮票在邮局买。,我们要培养分析,问题,、解决,问题,的能力。,We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.,2.,郭沫若同志曾说,:“,中国人历来是勇于探索、,勇于,创造、,勇于,革命的。”,Comrade Guo Moro once said:“The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things,to make inventions and to make revolution.”,3.,他们为国家做的事,比我们所做的,多得多。,They have done much more for the state than we have.,4.,词类转换法,英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。,汉译英时则反其道而行之。,For students of composition,an,awareness,that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly,proficient,in a writing pattern that is not native to them.,学习写作的人若能,意识,到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速,掌握,对他们来说是外在的写作模式。,In those years the Republicans,were in,.,那些年是共和党,执政,。,The music is a,gas,.,这音乐,妙极了,。,Saud was a,frustrated,man at that time.,沙特那时已,受挫折,。,Traditionally,there had always been good relations between them.,.,他们之间一直有着传统的,友好关系。,This experiment is a great,success,.,这次实验是极为,成功的,。,1),语言这个东西不是,随便,可以,学好,的,非下苦功不可。,The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.,2),一定要,少说空话,多做工作。,There must be less empty talk and more hard work.,3.,徐悲鸿,画,马画得特别好。,Xu Beihongs drawings(paintings)of horses are exceptionally good.,4.,林则徐认为,要,成功地禁止,鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片,焚毁。,Lin Zexu believed that a,successful ban,of the trade in opium must be preceded by the,destruction,of the drug itself.,