第七章-影响电极电势的因素.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,),(,),(,c,c,，,氧化型,还原型,),(,c,，,还原型,),(,c,，,氧化型,2.,影响电极电势的因素,e,还原型,氧化型,电极反应：,Z,+,-,lg,),(,),(,氧化型,还原型,c,b,c,a,Z,0.0592,E,E,-,=,或,E,则：,氧化型或还原型的浓度或分压,例,有一原电池：,pt,（,aq,）,（,aq,）,Mn,（,aq,）,Zn,Zn,2,2,+,MnO,4,-,+,0.0592,lg,2,/Zn),(Zn,E,2,),c(Zn,2,1,+,+,-,=,),/Cl,ClO,(,3,-,-,E,?,),/Cl,ClO,(,时,L,10.0mol,),H,(,3,1,=,=,-,-,-,+,E,c,，,L,1.0mol,),Cl,(,),ClO,(,1,3,=,=,-,-,-,c,c,，,求：当,介质的酸碱性,V,45,.,1,),/Cl,ClO,(,3,=,-,-,E,已知,例：,3,),Cl,(,),H,(,),ClO,(,lg,6,0.0592V,),/Cl,ClO,(,6,3,-,=,-,+,-,-,-,c,c,c,E,),l,(,O,3H,),aq,(,Cl,6e,),aq,(,6H,),aq,(,ClO,解：,2,3,+,+,+,-,-,+,-,V,51,.,1,0,.,10,lg,6,V,0592,.,0,6,=,+,=,1.45V,Ag,沉淀的生成对电极电势的影响,，,(,),),10,8,.,1,),AgCl,(,(,?,Ag),/,(AgCl,s,AgCl,NaCl,Ag,Ag,V,799,.,0,Ag),/,(Ag,10,sp,-,+,+,=,=,=,K,E,E,?,Ag),/,(Ag,L,mol,0,.,1,),Cl,(,1,+,-,-,=,=,E,c,并求,时，,平衡后,会产生,加入,电池中,组成的半,和,，若在,已知,例：,0.222V,=,10,8,.,1,lg,V,0592,.,0,0.799V,10,+,=,-,),Ag,/,Ag,(,+,E,),aq,(,Cl,),aq,(,Ag,(s),AgCl,+,-,+,解：,Ag(s),e,),aq,(,Ag,+,-,+,(AgCl),),Cl,(,),Ag,(,sp,=,-,+,K,c,c,(AgCl),),Ag,(,L,mol,0,.,1,),Cl,(,sp,1,=,=,+,-,-,时,若,K,c,c,),Ag,(,lg,V,0592,.,0,),Ag,/,Ag,(,+,=,+,+,c,E,AgCl),(,lg,V,0592,.,0,),Ag,/,Ag,(,sp,+,=,+,K,E,V,222,.,0,=,+,),/Ag,Ag,(,E,),aq,(,Cl,Ag(s),e,AgCl(s),+,+,-,-,1,=,-,-,L,mol,0,.,1,),Cl,(,时,当,c,),/Ag,AgCl,(,E,=,AgCl),(,lg,V,0592,.,0,),Ag,/,Ag,(,sp,+,=,+,K,E,NaOH,，达到平衡时保持,的半电池中加入,?,),Fe,Fe,(,L,mol,0,.,1,),OH,(,2,3,1,=,=,+,+,-,-,求此时,E,c,，,10,8,.,2,),(OH),Fe,(,39,3,sp,=,-,K,例：,V,769,.,0,),Fe,Fe,(,2,3,=,+,+,，,已知,E,Fe,Fe,10,86,.,4,),(OH),Fe,(,2,3,17,2,sp,=,+,+,-,组成,和,，在,K,?,),(OH),Fe,/,Fe(OH),(,2,3,=,E,解：在,Fe,3+,、,Fe,2+,的溶液中加入,NaOH,后,时,L,1.0mol,),OH,(,1,当,c,=,),aq,(,3OH,),aq,(,Fe,(s),(OH),Fe,3,3,+,-,+,(s),(OH),Fe,2,),aq,(,2OH,),aq,(,Fe,2,+,-,+,-,-,V,55,.,0,-,=,10,86,.,4,lg,0592,.,0,V,769,.,0,17,-,=,-,39,10,8,.,2,-,),aq,(,Fe,e,),aq,(,Fe,2,3,+,+,-,+,),Fe(OH),(,lg,0592,.,0,),Fe,/,Fe,(,2,sp,2,3,-,=,+,+,K,E,),Fe(OH),(,3,sp,K,),Fe,/,Fe,(,2,3,+,+,E,0.55V,-,=,.,0,55V,-,=,+,+,),/Fe,Fe,(,2,3,=,E,L,mol,0,.,1,),OH,(,1,=,-,-,时,当,c,),(OH),/Fe,(OH),(Fe,2,3,即,E,lg,V,0592,.,0,),/Fe,Fe,(,2,3,-,=,+,+,E,),(OH),(Fe,3,sp,K,),(OH),(Fe,2,sp,K,),(OH),/Fe,(OH),(Fe,2,3,E,),aq,(,OH,),s,(,(OH),Fe,e,),s,(,(OH),Fe,2,3,+,+,-,-,小结：,氧化型形成沉淀，,E,;,还原型形成沉淀，,E,。,),Ag,/,Ag,(,/Ag),S,(Ag,2,+,E,E,氧化型和还原型都形成沉淀，看二者,的相对大小。若,(,氧化型,),(,还原型,),，则,E,；反之，则,E,。,第五次作业,P,116,7-15,（,2,），（,3,）,7-16,