经济学曲线图解.ppt

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,Total revenue,總收入,TR,TR,Q,0,Q,MR,AR,AR,MR,0,Average revenue,平均收入,TR,TR,Q,0,Q,MR,AR,AR,MR,0,Marginal revenue,邊際收入,TR,TR,Q,0,Q,MR,AR,AR,MR,0,Perfect competition,完全競爭,P,Q,d=MR=AR=P,MC,AC,AVC,Q*,0,Profit maximization,利潤最大化,P,P,Q,MC,D=AR,MR,0,MR=MC(profit maximization),Deadweight loss,無謂損失,P,Q,Pm,Pc,Qm,Qc,S=MC,D=AR,MR,0,Monopoly rent,壟斷租,P,Q,P,Q,MC,D=AR,MR,0,AC,AC,Monopoly,壟斷,P,Q,P,Q,MC,D=AR,MR,0,AC,Law of diminishing marginal returns,邊際報酬遞減,定律,TP,Variable factor,0,AP,MP,0,Variable factor,TP,Slope=MP=AP,TP max.,MP max.,AP max.,AP,MP,Law of diminishing marginal returns,Average product curve,平均生產曲線,TP,Variable factor,0,AP,MP,0,Variable factor,TP,Slope=MP=AP,TP max.,MP max.,AP max.,AP,MP,Marginal product curve,邊際生產曲線,TP,Variable factor,0,AP,MP,0,Variable factor,TP,Slope=MP=AP,TP max.,MP max.,AP max.,AP,MP,Total product curve,總生產曲線,TP,Variable factor,0,AP,MP,0,Variable factor,TP,Slope=MP=AP,TP max.,MP max.,AP max.,AP,MP,Total fixed cost,總固定成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Total variable cost,總可變成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Total cost,總成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Average fixed cost,平均固定成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Average variable cost,平均可變成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Average cost,平均成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,Marginal cost,邊際成本,TC,TFC,TVC,Slope=MC=AC,TC,TVC,Slope=MC=AVC,TFC,Output,AC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVC,Output,0,0,MC=MVC,AC,AVC,AFC,MFC=0,First-degree price discrimination,一級價格分歧,MC,D=MUV=MR,P,Q,0,Third-degree price discrimination,三級價格分歧,P,P,P,Q,Q,Q,P,1,D,A,MR,A,MR,B,D,B,MR,A+B,D,A+B,P,A,0,P,B,Q,A,Q,B,Market A,Market B,Both Markets,MC,Q,Law of demand,需求定律,A,B,D,P,Q,0,Law of supply,供給定律,S,P,Q,0,A,B,Equilibrium Price,均衡價格,0,P,Q,S,D,Pe,Surplus,盈餘,0,P,Q,S,D,Pe,Qe,Excess supply,Shortage,短缺,0,P,Q,S,D,Pe,Qe,Excess demand,Price ceiling,價格下限,Q,Price ceiling,P,S,D,Market Price,Black market price,0,Excess demand,Price floor,價格上限,S,D,0,Labour,Wage rate,W,1,W,e,W,0,Q,1,Q,2,Minimum wage,Surplus,Elastic demand,高彈性需求,P,Q,D,0,D,a,b,M,Elastic Demand,Inelastic demand,低彈性需求,P,Q,D,0,D,a,b,M,Inelastic Demand,Perfectly elastic demand,完全彈性需求曲線,P,Q,0,D,Perfectly inelastic demand,完全無彈性需求,曲線,P,Q,0,D,Unitary elastic demand curve,單一彈性需求曲線,P,Q,0,D,Loss in revenue,Gain in revenue,Gain in revenue,Gain=Loss,Budget constraint,預算限制,0,1,3,2,5,4,1,3,2,Good X,Q,R,S,P,Good Y,Indifference curve,無異曲線,1,3,2,4,5,1,3,2,0,4,5,Good X,B,A,D,C,IC(utility=10),Good Y,Utility maximization,效用最大化,0,Good X,B,E,C,D,L,IC,1,IC,2,IC,3,Good Y,Sales tax,銷售稅,0,Q,S,2,S,1,Tax,D,P,Sellers burden,Consumers burden,Subsidy,補貼,0,Q,S,2,S,1,Subsidy,D,P,Sellers benefit,Consumers benefit,Consumer surplus,消費者盈餘,0,Q,Total exchange,value,Price,D=MUV,P,Consumers surplus,Economies of scale,規模經濟,0,Output,LRAC,economies of scale,Qm,$,Diseconomies of scale,規模不經濟,0,Output,LRAC,diseconomies of scale,Qm,$,Producer surplus,生產者的盈餘,Q,S,P,0,Economic rent,經濟租,Price,S,D,Q,1,P,1,Units of a factor,0,Economic rent,Transfer earning,轉移收入,Price,S,D,Q,1,P,1,Units of a factor,0,Transfer earning,All-or-nothing Pricing,全量或零售定價,Q,0,MUV,All-or-nothing demand,AUV,1,=,P,1,P,2,P,Q,1,Q,2,Contractionary monetary policy,收縮性貨幣政策,r,M,0,Ms,Ms,Md,Expansionary monetary policy,擴張性貨幣政策,r,M,0,Ms,Ms,Md,Equilibrium in money market,貨幣市場的均衡,r,M,0,Ms,Md,Paradox of thrift,節儉之迷,E,E,0,0,Y,Y,S,S,S,S,I,I,Y,f,Y,f,Y,e,Y,e,Y,e,Y,e,Expansionary fiscal policy,擴張性財政政策,E,0,Y,Y,f,Y,e,Y-line,45,E,E,Contractionary fiscal policy,收縮性財政政策E,0,Y,Y,f,Y,e,Y-line,45,E,E,Deflationary gap,緊縮缺口,E,0,Y,Y,f,Y,e,Y-line,45,E,G,R,DG,Inflationary Gap,膨脹缺口,E,0,Y,Y,f,Y,e,Y-line,45,E,G,F,IG,Liquidity trap,流動之迷,E,0,Y,Y,f,LM,1,IS,LM,2,Crowding-out effect,排擠效果,r,0,Y,Y,f,LM,IS,2,IS,1,Y,2,Y,1,crowding-out effect,r,2,r,1,LM Curve,LM,曲線,r,0,Y,LM,Y,2,Y,1,r,2,r,1,IS Curve,IS,曲線,r,0,Y,IS,Y,2,Y,1,r,2,r,1,Phillips curve,菲利蒲士曲線,0,Rate of change of money wage rates(%p.a.),Unemployment(%),Quota,配額,Good X,World market price,P,S,D,0,Q,P,t,P,e,Q,1,Q,2,Tariff,關稅,Good X,World market price,P,S,D,0,P,t,P,e,Q,1,Q,2,b,d,c,e,a,f,T,Q,3,Q,4,Average propensity to consumeY,E,0,a,C,C,Y,Slopes=APC,Marginal propensity to consume,Y,E,0,a,C,Slopes=MPC,Backward bending labor supply,向後彎曲勞力供應曲線,Income,0,Wage rate,C,B,A,C,B,A,0,Slope=W,3,Slope=W,2,Slope=W,1,Work,24(hours),Leisure,W,1,W,2,W,3,Quantity supplied of labor,J-curve,J,曲線,0,Time(+),J-curve,+,-,Trade balance,Marginal utility,邊際效用,Good Y,0,Good X,Slope=Marginal Utility,IC,Reference,參考書目,Lam Pun Lee,Advanced Level Microeconomics Third Edition,Macmillan,Lam Pun Lee,Advanced Level Macroeconomics Third Edition,Macmillan,