大学英语四级听力中的语法难点.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,听力中的语法难点,比较结构,原级比较一般结构,as as;not as as;the same as;,The work is,not as difficult as,you think.,Last year,land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost,as fast as,those outside the pinelands.,3.This is,the same,car,that,I rode on yesterday.,这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。,4.This is the,same caras,I rode on yesterday.,这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。,5.This book is,as thick as,that one.,特殊结构,:,A is to B what/as X is Y;A+,倍数或几分之几,as+adj./adv.+as+B.,1.Air is to us,what/as,water is to fish.,我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。,2.The hydrogen atom is near1y,l6 times as light as,the oxygen atom.,氢原子的重量约为氧原子的,1/16,（即比氧原子约轻,15/16,）。,3.Americans eat vegetables per person today more than,twice as many as,they did in 1990.,美国人现在吃的蔬菜是,1990,年时的两倍以上。,比较级常用结构,A,比较级,than+B,African elephants are,larger,，,fiercer,，,and,more,difficult to tame,than,Asian elephantsThis question is,less difficult than,that question.,(,比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物,),3.Iron is,more useful than,any other metal.,(,比较对象具有所属关系，含有最高级含义,),特殊结构：,the more the more(,越,越,),；,more and more(,越来越,),1.,The more,careful you are,the fewer,mistakes you will make.,2.,The more,he thought of that,the more,worried he felt about his mother.,3.A survey indicated that,more and more,local talents in China flowed to multinationals since multinationals are mostly engaged in cutting-edge hi-tech researches and offer high salaries.,以拉丁文,-ior,结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接,to,而不是,than.,inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior(,在,之前),He is three years senior/junior to me.,This type of computer is,superior to,that type.,Most wine from Switzerland is,inferior to,wine from France.,It happened,prior to,my arrival.,几组由“,more than,；,more than”,和“,no/not,比较级”等构成的惯用句式及其含义。,more than,其含义为,:“,不仅是，非常，十分”等，用法和意义较多。,more than,其含义可以是,:“,与其说,不如说，不是,而是”,1.What we are doing today,is more than,donating some money.,今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。,2.Their action was,more than,justified.,他们的行动是完全有理由的。,3.He is,more brave than,wise.,他有勇无谋。,4.The book seems to be,more a dictionary than a grammar.,这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。,no more than not more than,1.He has no more than five dollars on him.,他身上,仅,有,5,美元。,(,强调少,),2.He has not more than five dollars on him.,他身上带的钱,不超过,仅有,5,美元。,(,强调数额少于,5,美元,),no more than,not more than,1.He is no more diligent than you.,他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。,(,两人都不勤奋,)(,含有消极否定的意思,),2.He is not more diligent than you.,他没有像你那样勤奋。,(,两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋,)(,含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）,no less than=as much as,意为：“竟有,之多，多达”强调多,not less than,意为“不少于，至少”，可观地描述,肯定与否定,肯定,1.Do you think she will come?,-,Beyond a reasonable doubt,.,2.I forgot to bring my computer.,-,No sweat.,You can borrow my notebook.,3.The classes today were so boring.,-I,ll say,I had one eye on the clock the whole time.,4.Now they have sound-proofed this room.It,s sure a lot easier to work in here.,-You said it.,5.The water looks great today.,-,I can,t wait to jump on my surfboard.,6.Doesn,t this sweet song make you feel at ease?,-,You bet!,7.Would you mind giving me a hand?,-,By all means.,8.Cooking for yourself turns out much better than eating at KFC.,-,You can say that again,!,9.Do the fees include room and board?,-They do,n,t,ex,clude room and board.,10.Does everyone know why the financial crisis occurred?,-There is,no one,who,doesn,t,know how it happened.,11.What do you think of yesterday evening,s concert?,-It was,n,t,at all,tedious.,12.Would you help me with my calligraphy?,-Well,what,s the problem?,13.Could I leave earlier today?,-Go ahead.,14.Excuse me,can you show me the way?,-Well,where are you trying to get to?,15.May I use your mobile phone for the time being?,-,No problem.,16.Shall we go and see Tom this morning?He,s ill.,-That,s just what I was thinking.,17.What do you think of going to the park today?,-,I can,t agree more./I can,t agree with you more.,1.He was a heavy smoker five years ago.,-But he,rarely,smokes now.,2.Do you think Doris will get there in timeNo,way!,3.Can you lend me your car?,-It,s,out of the question,.,4.Try not to make any noise while watching the movie.,-,Well,easier said than done.,5.Would you like me to write the essay again?,-It,s all right,really.,6.Have some chocolate candies please?,-I,m on a diet.,7.Would you lend me your car?,-It has,run out of,gasoline.,8.Did Alice cheat at the physics exam?,-,She,d be the last person,to do such a thing.,9.Did Aristotle attend the conference?,-He,failed,to come.,10.Would you fix the clock for me?,-,I,m sorry,but,it is beyond my repair.,11.What,s the main idea of her speech?,-It,s,beyond my understanding,.,12.I,d like to go to the meeting.,-,Under no circumstances(,决不,),should you attend the meeting tonight.,13.Is my son allowed to play the video game?,-Well,he is,too,young,to,play it.,14.Could you tell me where Pro.Johnson lives?,-I have no idea,where he lives.,15.What does Elizabeth like to do in her spare time?,-She likes,nothing better than,to sleep late.,16.How are you getting on with Home Economics?,-There is,no,harder course than Home Economics.,17.How do you feel about your food?,-,Don,t,ask.,18.Can you express yourself in Chinese?,-It,s,im,possible for me to speak Chinese well now.,Negative or positive?,一、,cannot wait,后跟不定式，意为“急于做”，表示强调的肯定,例,1 I couldnt wait to see her.,我渴望见到她。,例,2 I cannot wait to read the book.,我非常渴望读到这本书。,二、,cannot/couldnt,too,意为,“越,越,，非常，无论怎样,也不过分”,在此结构中，,cannot,也可改用,can hardly,，,scarcely,，,never,，,impossible,；,too,也可改用,over,，,enough,等。,例,3 You cannot be too careful.,你越小心越好。例,4 We can hardly praise him too much.,对他我们无论怎么赞扬也不过分。例,5 A man can never have too many friends.,朋友越多越好。例,6 He cannot see you quickly enough.,他想很快见到你。,三、,not until/till,意为“直到,的时候才”,例,7 People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.,人们失去时间后才知道时间的价值。,例,8 We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.,直到井干了我们才知道水的重要。,例,9 It was not until the next day that I,that truth.,直到第二天我才知道真相。,例,10 He did not go to bed until his mother came back.,直到他母亲回来他才睡觉。,四、否定词,but,1.nobut,意为“都,没有,不,”,。,例,11 There is no man but has his faults.,人皆有过。,例,12 No one believes but she will succeed.,人们相信他会成功。,例,13 There is no one but knows him.,人人都认识他。,2.never(not)but(that),意为“每当,总是,没有哪次不是,”,。,例,14 I never see you but I think of my mother.,每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。,例,15 It never rains but it pours.,每次下雨都是倾盆大雨。,例,16 He will not be angry but that he is offended.,人们惹了他他才会生气。,3.nothing but/none but,意为“仅仅,只,只有,才”。,例,17 We can see nothing but water.,我们只能看见水。,例,18 The boys want to do nothing but play football.,男孩们只想踢足球。,例,19 None but me knew what happened.,只有我知道发生了什么事情。,例,20 He chose none but the best.,他只选最好的。,五、否定词,without,意为“每,必”,例,23 I never see her without thinking of my younger sister.,每次见到她，我就想起我的妹妹。,例,24 What appeared to me wonderful was that none of the ants came home without bringing something.,使我感到惊奇的是每只蚂蚁回来都带回一些东西。,例,25 There is no smoke without fire.,有烟必有火。,六、,too+,形容词,/,副词,+not,不定式“非常,必定能，太,不会不”,1.,本句型是对,too to,的否定，表示肯定意思。,例,29 His speech was too good not to stir the audience.,他的演讲太好了，不会不使观众轰动。,例,30 He is too wise not to solve this problem.,他那么聪明，一定会解决问题。,例,31 He is too foolish not to say it.,他那么傻，不会不把这事说出来。,2.never too to(,永不,/,决不,),。,例,34 It is never too late to give up prejudices.,放弃偏见永远不晚。,七、,more often than not,意为“常常,往往”,例,35 John is a good swimmer.He wins more often not.,约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。,例,36 During bad weather the trains are late more often than not.,在天气不好时,火车常常晚点。,例,37 The street is crowded more often than not.,这条大街常常很拥挤。,八、否定词比较级,(,相当于最高级,),例,38 I couldnt agree more.,我非常同意。,例,39 Nothing is more valuable than health.,健康是最宝贵的。例,40 Never is more beautiful flower than this!,这是我见过的最美丽的花！,九、,not a little,意为“很,很多”,例,41 He is not a little tired.,他非常累。,例,42 He has not a little experience.,他有着丰富的经验。,十、某些不用回答和表达说话人感情的疑问句,1.,否定修辞性疑问句表示非常强烈的肯定。,例,43 Who does not know?(=Everybody knows.),谁不知道,?(,意思是“人人知道”,),例,44 Why not try again?,你怎么不再试试？,(,即,:,你该再试试！,),2.,否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定。,例,45 Isnt that beautiful!,多么美丽呀,!,例,46 Isnt she a sweet girl!,她多么可爱啊,!,注：这种疑问句用来回答别人的问题或对别人的谈话作出反应,以强调自己和对方的意见一致。,例,47-Lovely day,isnt it?,天气真好啊,是不是,?,-Yes,isnt it!,是啊,真好,!,3.,祈使疑问句。,例,48 Wont you have some beer?,请喝点啤酒吧！,例,49 Wont you sit down!,请坐呀,!,PracticeDo exercises on page 25,虚拟语气,英语动词有,种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,三,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,wish,引导的虚拟句,I wish I,_(be),as tall as you.,were,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day,_(be),my birthday.,were,I wish/wished I,_(eat)so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,表示,愿望,(wish),wish,接宾语从句有三种情况：,1),现在：用过去式,2),过去：用过去完成式,(had done),3),将来：用情态动词,(would/could)+do,I wish I remembered the address,.,我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,How I wish he had not left.,要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）,wish+that,How I wish,If only,did/were,现在,had done,过去,would/might/would do,将来,If only,引导的虚拟句,if only,意为：若是,.,那该多好啊,;,真希望,.;,只要,只要,.,就好,表示现在的情况,应用过去式,;,如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I,had arrived,in time!,If only she,didnt drive,so fast.,If only,(1),要是就好了,=I wish,If only I knew his name now!,If only we had followed your advice last time!,If only I could see him again next year!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,要是我没错过火车就好了,.,if,引导的虚拟条件句,区别,:,If it,rains,tomorrow,the crops,will,be saved.,If it,rained,tomorrow,the crops,would,be saved.,陈述语气,虚拟语气,If I _time last night,I _ to see the,film with you.,had had,would have gone,If he more carefully,he the car,accident yesterday,.,had driven,would not have had,If I how to swim,I,trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,If the staff,had been,more careful,the mall,would,not be,on fire now,.,What,would,you do if you,won,the lottery?,If I,won,the lottery,I,would,If I,won,the lottery,I,would,buy an expensive,car.,If I,had,a lot of money,I,would,buy a villa,.,If I,had,a lot of money now,I,would,travel around the,world.,If it,were,fine now,I,would,go shopping.,If he,got,up early,he,would be,on time,虚拟语气,例句,If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you,would have met,him.,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,(,与过去事实相反,),2.If it,were,sunny tomorrow,I,would come,to see you.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,(,与将来事实可能相反,),3.If I,were,you,I,would go,at once.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,(,与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你,),虚拟语气在,在条件从句中,主从句的谓语形式,时间,If,从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,将来,did/were,had done,would/could/should/might+,V.(,原,),would/could/should/might+,have+p.p,.,1.did/were,2.should do,3.were to do,would/could/should/might+,V.(,原,),If+,主,+did(were),主,+would/should/could/might,+,动词原形,If I were you,I would try it again.,1.,如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.,如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If+,主,+had done sth,主,+would/should/could/might,+,动词完成式（,have done,）,If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.,1.,如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。,If I had married her,I would have been unhappy,.,2.,要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。,与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,(,通常有时间状语,),If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him,.,1.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事,.,2.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他,.,If+,主,+did(were to/should do),主,+would/should/,could/might+,动词原形,As if,虚拟句,He behaves as if he owned the house.,(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.,虚拟语气,6.,在,as if,从句中，常用虚拟形式，即,表示与现在事实相反，用过去式,；,与过去事实相反用过去完成式,(had done).,一、,as if(as though),连接表语从句,she looked,as if,she were made of ice.,她看起来似乎是冰做的,he looked,as if,he hadnt slept for two days.,二、,as if,连接让步状语从 句,She looked after the boy,as if,he were her own son.,她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。,He speaks to us,as if,he had been there.,他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在,在,as if,从句中,as if/though+Clause,现在：,过去：,将来,:,did/were(,现在,),had done(,过去,),would+,动词原形,(,将来,),Would rather,虚拟句,1.,would rather that,现在：,过去：,未来：,过去时,过去完成时,过去时,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone,too.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,其它虚拟句,虚拟语气,一些介词短语,如,:,but for(,要不是,),without,otherwise(,否则,),in that case(,如果是那样的话,),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气,Without,/,But for,your help,we,would not have made,such rapid progress.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现,if,引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句,.,1.I was ill that day.,0therwise,I _(take)part in the sports meet.,2.I _(give)you more help,but,I was too busy.,3.,But for,water,it _(be)impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be,Practice,Do exercises on page 25,