语法精讲系列(六).ppt

语法精讲系列（六）,状语从句,考,查,角,度,题号,时间状语从句,12,地点状语从句,35,原因状语从句,6,目的状语从句,7,条件状语从句,810,让步状语从句,1114,1.(2012,全国卷,)I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.,A.when B.than C.until D.after,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查时间状语从句。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。此题较易，考查固定句型,hardly.when.,的用法，故选,A,。,2.(2012,山东高考,)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.,A.as B.if C.unless D.though,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查,as,引导时间状语从句。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉酒的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。这里,smile,和,apologize,同时进行，,as,意为：当,的时候。故选,A,。,3.(2012,山东高考,)A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.,A.when B.where C.before D.until,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,where,引导地点状语从句，表示“在,地方”。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。,where,引导的句子在整个句子中作状语，故选,B,。,4.(2012,四川高考,)If you happen to get lost in the wild,youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.,A.why B.where C.who D.what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路，你最好待在你所在的地方等待救援。,where,表明主句动作发生的地点，故选,B,。,5.(2012,天津高考,)Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.,A.while B.when C.where D.though,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查地点状语从句连词的选择。句意：在毕业典礼上一切如他所愿，井井有条。根据句意，东西被放置在一个地方，用表示地点的状语，所以选,C,。,6.(2012,重庆高考,)Coach,can I continue with the training?,Sorry,you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.,A.until,B.before,C.as,D.unless,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查原因状语从句引导词,as,。答句句意：抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。根据语境可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，,C,选项符合题意。,7.(2012,辽宁高考,)Leave your key with your neighbor _,you lock yourself out one day.,A.as long as B.even though,C.in case D.as if,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查目的状语从句。句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面。,A,项意为“只要”；,B,项意为“尽管”；,C,项意为“以防”；,D,项意为“好像”。所以选,C,项。,8.(2012,江西高考,)You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.,A.unless B.even if,C.in case D.as long as,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。,unless,除非；,even if,即使；,in case,以防万一；,as long as,只要。故选,D,。,9.(2012,福建高考,)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.,A.if B.unless C.because D.since,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查条件状语从句。句意：除非有来自欧洲联盟更多的经济支持，希腊政府很难克服目前的困难。根据句意，只能选择,unless“,除非”才能使句意完整。本题关键词是,hard,和,more financial support,。故选,B,。,102012,江苏高考,)Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.,A.so that B.no matter how,C.as long as D.except that,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查引导条件状语从句的连词,as long as,。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。,so that,意为“以便；因此”；,no matter how,意为“不管怎样”；,as long as,意为“只要”；,except that,意为“除了”。根据题意，应选,C,项。,11.(2012,湖南高考,)_ hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.,A.However B.Whatever,C.Whichever D.Whenever,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查让步状语从句的引导词,however,。句意：不管你如何,(however),努力，如果你不减少食量是很难减肥的。,however,修饰副词,hard,故选,A,。,12.(2012,湖南高考,)_ I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.,A.While B.Once C.If D.Until,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然我总觉得我考试能过关，但我从没想过我能得“优”。,while,常见含义为“虽然；然而，而；在,期间，当,时；趁着”等，此处为“虽然”之意。故选,A,。,13.(2012,陕西高考,)Hot _ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.,A.although B.as,C.while D.however,【,解析,】,选,B,考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管夜里气温很高，我们依然睡得很香，因为经过长途旅行，我们太累了。此处,hot,是作从句的表语，提前则从句用倒装，即,as,引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到,as,之前，故选,B,。,14.(2012,新课标全国卷,)I dont believe weve met before,_ I must say you do look familiar.,A.therefore B.although,C.since D.unless,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管我敢肯定地说你确实看起来面熟，但我相信我们以前没见过面。,therefore,因此；,although,尽管；,since,既然；,unless,除非，根据句意只有,although,符合题意。故选,B,。,考点,1,常考查的,9,类状语从句 考查指数,1.,时间状语从句,(1)when,指的是“某一具体的时间”。,例,When,I came into the room,he was writing a letter.,【,点津,】,when,意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的,when,分句一般位于句末。,例,I was walking along the street,when,suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.,(2)whenever,指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。,例,Whenever,the man,says“To,tell the truth”,I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.,(3)while,指“在某一段时间里”，“在,期间”，,while,引导的动作必须是持续性的。,例,While,it was raining,they went out.,(4)as(,一边,一边,),引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，随着。,例,He hurried home,looking behind,as,he went.,(5)before,译为“在,之前,才,就”。,例,Be a pupil,before,you become a teacher.,(6)after,译为“在,之后”。,例,He headed for me after I called him.,(7)till/until,：如主句动词是延续性动词，常用肯定式，表示“直到,为止”；如主句动词是瞬间性动词，要用否定式，表示“直到,才”“在,以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用,until,。,例,We waited,till,(,until,)he came back.,(8)since,的主句动词应为持续性的从句动词为瞬间性的。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。,例,It is three years,since,he came here.,(9)as soon as/hardly.when/no sooner.than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantly,：,hardly.when,和,no sooner.than,的意义相当于,as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如,hardly,或,no sooner,位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。,例,Hardly,had I got home,when,it began to rain.,例,As soon as,I arrive in Shanghai,Ill write to you.,(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the time,：在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。,例,Next time,you come here,I will tell you.,【,点津,】,时间状语从句的,3,个重点句型,(1)It will be.before.,过很久才,例,It will be long,before,they come back.,(2)It wont be.before.,不久就,例,It wont be long,before,they come back.,(3)It is/has been.since.,自从,以来多长时间,注意：,since,引导的从句如果用终止性动词，表示的时间是从谓语动作算起，如果用延续性动词表示的时间是从动作或状态的结束算起。,例,It has been a decade,since,he joined the club.(,从加入俱乐部后算起,),It is two years and a half,since,he was an ambassador to France.(,从不再任大使算起,),2.,地点状语从句,where,与,wherever,意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语,例,Where,there is water there is life.,Wherever,you go,you must obey the law.,3.,原因状语从句,(1)because,用来回答,why,的问题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后,例,I came back late yesterday,because,I was on duty.,(2)since,表示既然或已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首,例,Since,everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.,(3)as,引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中,(,注意比较,for,连接的是并列句,),例,As,he didnt know much English,he looked up the word in the dictionary.,(4)now that,seeing that,，,considering that,：,considering that,seeing(that),now that,和,since,意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，,that,可以省去,例,He finished his task very well,considering that it was quite different.,4.,目的状语从句,(1)so that/in order that,引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词,can,could,等。,例,I shall write down your telephone number,so that,I may not forget.,(2)in order that,引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后，,so that,引导的从句只能位于主句之后。,例,They worked harder than usual,in order that,they could finish the work ahead of time.,(3)for fear that(,惟恐，以防,),与,in case,所引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词有时也用,should/might/could+,动词原形。,例,The boy hid himself behind the tree,for fear that,his father might see him.,例,Take your umbrella,in case,it should rain.,(4),目的状语从句可以用,so as to,in order to,等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。,5.,结果状语从句,(1)so that,前有逗号为结果状语从句,例,We turned up the radio,so that,everyone heard the news.,(2)so.that,的,so,后面跟形容词或副词,例,He was,so,excited,that,he couldnt say a word.,(3)such.that,的,such,后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用,such a/an.that,还可以转换用,so.that,，语气较强,例,Jack is,so,honest a worker,that,we all believe him.,=Jack is,such,an honest worker,that,we all believe him.,6.,条件状语从句,常用引导词：,if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as,(1)unless,从句的谓语只能用肯定式；,unless,和,if.not,同义，,unless,是书面语，,if.not,是口语，通常二者可以换用；,例,Difficulties are nothing,if,we are not afraid of them.,We shall go there tomorrow,unless,it rains.,(2),条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。,例,So long as,you work hard,you will succeed.,7.,方式状语从句,(1)as,引导状语从句，译为“按照或正如”,例,Do,as,you are told to.,(2)as if,或,as though,的意义和用法基本一样；从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反,例,They treat the black boy,as if(though),he were their own.,8.,让步状语从句,(1)though/although:,在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”,(but),但可以与,yet,或,still,连用；,though/although,意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式，多放在主句的前面,例,Although(Though),he was over sixty,(,yet)he,began to learn French.,(2)even if,和,even though,的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中,例,Ill go,even if(though),it rains tomorrow.,(3)as,引出的状语从句多用于书面语，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装,例,Cold,as,it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.,(4)no matter(who,what,when,where,which,how.):no matter.,与,wh,-ever,引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，,no matter.,引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后,例,No matter how/However,busy he was,he studied English every day.,(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/whichever);however,wh,-ever,从句中的动词有时可以和,may,连用,;,wh,-ever,可引导让步状语从句和名词性从句，,no matter,wh,-,只能引导让步状语从句,9.,比较状语从句,(1)as.as;not so/as.as;the same.as;such.as,连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用,as.as,否定句可用,not as.as,或,not so.as,例,He doesnt run,so(as),fast,as,Jack(does).,Henry is,not such,a good worker,as,Peter.,(2)than,表示不同程度的比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词,例,He runs,less,fast,than,me.,考点,2,状语从句的,4,种倒装句式 考查指数,1.not until,置于句首时主句要倒装。,例,Not until,we pointed out their faults did they realize it.,2.no sooner,与,hardly/scarcely,引导的主句谓语应用过去完成时，而,than,与,when,从句中谓语应用一般过去时。此外，当把,no sooner,和,hardly/scarcely,提到句首时，应用倒装语序。,例,No sooner,had we arrived at the station,than,the train left.,3.,在,so/such.that.,句型中，如果,so,或,such,置于句首，主句则用部分倒装。,例,So,fast did he walk,that,none of us was his equal.,4.as,引导让步状语从句须用倒装，句型为：,adj./adv./n.,(,一般不带冠词,)/,v,.(,原形,)+as+,主语,+,谓语。,例,Angry,as/though,he was,he managed to speak calmly.点津,】,as,引导的让步状语从句中，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，,though,也可以用于这样的结构中,(although,不能这样用,),。,考点,3,状语从句的,4,种省略形式 考查指数,在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为,it,而且从句的谓语又包含,be,就可以省略从句中的“主语,+be”,部分，构成下列结构：,1.,连词,+,分词,例,Look out,while crossing,the street.,2.,连词,+,形容词,例,Come tomorrow,if possible,.,3.,连词,+,介词短语,例,While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall.,4.,连词,+,不定式,例,He cleared his throat,as if to say,something.,【,模拟题组,】,1.(2013,北京模拟,)Friends are angels who lift us to our feet _ our wings have trouble remembering how to fly.,A.unless B.because C.though D.when,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查状语从句。由句意可知朋友是当我们遇到困难时能帮助我们的天使。本题考查连词，实际上要考查的就是前后逻辑，明显不具备因果关系和转折关系，所以排除,B,选项和,C,选项。,A,选项,unless,表示“除非,否则,”,的逻辑，此处同样不成立。因此选,D,。,2.(2013,成都模拟,)“_ Libyas oil production returns to normal,I guess,it will be fifteen months.”said a UN expert.,A.After B.That C.Before D.Since,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查时间状语从句。句意：一位联合国专家说，我认为,15,个月之后利比亚的石油产量才能恢复正常。此处正常的语序为：,it will be fifteen months before Libyas oil production returns to normal,。故选,C,。,3.(2013,南京模拟,)Some people create jobs,foster excitement and basically make the system work.They see possibilities _ others see only problems.,A.that B.what C.which D.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查地点状语从句。句意：有些人创造工作，孕育激情，最根本的是让系统运转正常。他们在别人看到的只是问题的地方看到机会。,where,引导的句式在句中作状语，表示地点，故选,D,。,4.(2013,保定模拟,)Do you think the weather will be all right this golden week?,No,，,_ were lucky,，,it is reported that there will be sandstorms anyway.,A.if B.though C.unless D.as,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查条件状语从句。句意：,你认为这个黄金周的天气会好吗？,不，除非我们幸运，据报道会有沙尘暴。,if,如果；,though,尽管；,unless,除非；,as,因为，根据句意，,C,为最佳选项。,5.(2013,郑州模拟,)You shall get a film ticket free _ you use your credit card twice this month.,A.until B.since C.if D.unless,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查状语从句。句意：如果你这个月使用两次信用卡，你就可以得到一张免费的电影票。,until,直到；,since,自从,；,unless,除非，根据句意，这里表示条件，用,if,故选,C,。,6.(2013,邯郸模拟,)You can hold a party in the garden _ you clean it up afterwards.,A.as long as B.even if,C.now that D.as soon as,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查状语从句。句意：只要你事后清理干净，你可以在花园里开聚会。,as long as,只要；,even if,即使；,now that,既然；,as soon as,一,就,，根据句意，这里表示条件关系，故选,A,。,7.(2013,石家庄模拟,)Dont promise anything _ you are 100 percent sure.,A.since Bafter C.if D.unless,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查条件状语从句。句意：不要承诺任何事情除非你有,100%,的把握。此处,unless,意为：除非，引导让步状语从句。故选,D,。,8.(2013,太原模拟,)Poor _ it may be,there is no place like home,_ you may go.,A.as;wherever B.though;whenever,C.in spite of;when D.that;wherever,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管穷，但不管走到哪里，你都找不到家这样的地方。第一空是,as,引导的让步状语从句；第二空是,wherever,引导的让步状语从句。故选,A,。,9.(2013,常州模拟,)_ there is going to be a policy change,_ of those things is going to change.,A.Unless;few B.Until;few,C.Unless;none D.Until;none,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查状语从句及代词的用法。句意：除非政策变化，否则那些事不会改变。,unless“,除非”，引导让步状语从句，根据句意，,C,为最佳选项。,10.(2013,郑州模拟,)_ these disputes account for a small part in the cooperation,the sudden frictions(,摩擦,)have affected the involved companies.,A.When B.As C.While D.However,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这些争端占据合作中的一小部分,但是突然的摩擦还是影响了相关的企业。根据句意,两句为转折关系,因此选,While,意为“虽然”。故选,C,。,11.(2013,杭州模拟,)No one can ignore the fact that his wife is independent _ her husband earns all or most of the family income.,A.now that B.in case,C.even if D.only if,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查让步状语从句。句意：没有人可以忽视这个事实，他的妻子是独立的，即使她的丈夫赚了全部或大多数家庭收入。,now that,既然；,in case,以防；,only if,只有。,even if,意为“即使”，符合语境，故选,C,。,12._ difficulty lies in our way,it cant prevent China from hitting the target of environmental protection as planned,according to the spokesman.,A.However B.What,C.No matter what D.Now that,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查让步状语从句。句意：发言人表示，不管面前有什么困难，都不能阻挡中国人民实现环境保护的既定目标。,no matter what difficulty,适合本句句意。,however,后不跟名词；,what,不符合句式；,now that“,既然”不符合题意，故选,C,。,13.(2013,菏泽模拟,)_,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.,A.Strange as might it sound,B.As it might sound strange,C.As strange it might sound,D.Strange as it might sound,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查让步状语从句的倒装结构。句意：尽管他的观点听起来很奇怪，但是在会议上还是被所有人接受了。,as,引导让步状语从句时，常放在作表语、状语或谓语的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形之后。如果是单数可数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。故选,D,。,14.(2013,长春模拟,)The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity,but it may be some time _ the situation improves.,A.since B.when C.unless D.before,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查状语从句。句意：政府已经采取一些措施来解决电力短缺的问题，但可能要过一段时间，形势才会有所改变。,It may be+,一段时间,+before,从句，其中的主句是肯定式，意为“过多长时间才,”,；故选,D,。,15.(2013,贵州模拟,)It was half a year _ my good friend returned to his hometown.,A.before B.since C.that D.when,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查状语从句。句意：半年之后我的好朋友才回到家乡。本句考查固定句式,It+,be(not,)+,时间段,+before,从句,其中的主句是肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才,”,；故选,A,。,【,原创题组,】,16._ Mo Yans American audience has been limited,a film based on his novel“Red Sorghum”and directed by Zhang,Yimou,was one of the most internationally acclaimed Chinese films.,A.When B.As,C.While D.Since,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管莫言的美国读者是有限的，但是一部依照其小说改编，由张艺谋导演的电影,红高粱,，被誉为中国最有国际影响力的电影之一。,when,当,时候；,as,因为；,while,尽管；,since,既然，根据句意，选,C,。,17.Its _fine weather _we all decide to pay a visit to Qingdao on National Day.,A.such;as B.so;that,C.such;that D.so;as,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查结果状语从句。句意：天气这么好，我们决定国庆节去青岛游玩。本题干扰项中,such as,引导定语从句，易混淆，,so,修饰形容词或副词，而这儿是名词，故选,C,。,18._ Wu,Dongbo,is,he has become popular throughout the whole country for his excellent performance on TV.,A.Child as B.As a child,C.Though a child D.A child though,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查让步状语从句连词的选择。句意：尽管武东博还是个小孩，但是凭着在电视上的突出表现，他受到全国人民的欢迎。故选,A,。,19.A teacher became a hit online _ he turned the selection of monitor into a show like,The Voice of China,.,A.after B.before C.when D.while,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查连词。句意：一位老师在模仿“中国好声音”的方法选班长后，在网上走红。由句意可知，老师是在模仿“中国好声音”的方法选班长后才走红的，故用,after,引导时间状语从句。,20.The painting is much too expensive,in my opinion.,I am determined to get it,_the cost.,A.however B.whatever,C.whichever D.wherever,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查状语从句。句意：,依我看，这幅画太贵了。,我决心已定，无论什么代价，都要得到它。根据句意，应该选,whatever,，表示无论代价是“什么”。如果选,however,，应该是,however much it may cost,。,