American Dream.ppt

dream can be generally defined as having the opportunity and freedom to achieve their goals if people have the determination and hard working.,As far as most people are concerned，material success would come into mind firstly when talking about American dream.,9,American dream,In addition,spiritual improvement is also embodied in American dream.,In general,American dream facilitates many people to achieve their individual values and makes the USA more prosperous and stronger.,10,The origin of the American Dream,In December 1620,with snow already flying,Mayflower dropped anchor off Cape Cod.Fifty men,twenty women and thirty-four children driven from England finally came to the new land where they could enjoy their religious freedom to the full.,is the religious belief of the,Puritans,who came to New England for the sake of religious freedom and intended to,“,purify,”,or simplify the religious rituals of the Church of England.,The,Puritans,accepted the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination,original sin,total depravity and salvation of a selected few through a special infusion of grace from God(limited atonement).They,believed in the original sin and the harsh Day of Doom,although some good people,the chosen people or,“,the Elect,”,may be saved.,Puritanism,12,Being a group of seriously religious people,they had a strong sense of mission and were very idealistic,for they thought they were the“chosen”people by God and sent to the New World to purify the beliefs and practices of the Church of England,from which they had separated themselves,and built in America a new church.The Puritans in New England practiced theocracy,a form of government in which religion and government are combined into one.,Puritanism,13,On the other hand,the Puritans were very practical,for the survival in the New World had taught them to work hard for profits and material success,which they believed as a sign of Gods benevolence.,Puritans in America were living a very disciplined and simple style of life,devoid of earthly joy and extravagancy.Their way of life were based on their somber religion and stressed hard work,thrift,piety and sobriety.,Puritanism,14,A,dominant,factor,in American life,as a philosophy of life and a culture heritage,American,Puritanism,i,s one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature,.,It has become,to some extent,so much a state of mind,rather than a set of tenets,so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes,that we may state with a degree of safety that,without some understanding of Puritanism,there can be no understanding of America and its culture.,15,the Colonial Period,The immigrants arrived in the North America in order to pursue religious liberty,hunt grounds and personal success.,Benjamin Franklin counseled people on the The Way to Wealth.,“Early to Bed,and early to rise,makes a Man healthy,wealthy,and wise.”,The Westard,Movement,17,Definition,Westward movement,is the process that Americans moved from the east to the west.Its essence is the expansion of capitalism.The movement began at the late eighteenth century and ended at the late nineteenth century.,18,When a country is announced,all residents in his territory ,especially the indigenous people,should be protected by the government.But the United States government believed that the Indians was the obstacle to the development of American economy.,In order to attain a better prospect,they started to try to deprive Indians of more land and space who once helped them sincerely.,Then Indians suffered a lot.,The slaughter of Indians,20,The U.S.government even,issued,encouragement policies,:,each Indian-50-100 dollars award,under 12 years and women-50 dollars,12 years old or above man-100 dollars,21,22,23,.The vast western land had been incorporated into the old world(,旧美国,),which aided the old world to be a country with abundant natural resources and a vast territory.This laid a solid material foundation for the economic development of the United States.,Westward movement has an,important influence,on American,politics and economy.,24,.The movement drives the construction of large-scale railway and attracts a large number of immigration.This fosters the United States to form its own big domestic market.,.The movement expands great cultivated land.Also the climate of the United States is favorable for the agriculture development.so the agriculture begins to prosper fast.,25,Expansion,26,Golden Age,In 1848,James W.Marshall found gold in California and people began having,Golden Dreams,.That 19th century“American Dream”,motivated the,Gold Rush,and gave California its,nickname of the,“Golden State”.,American Civil War,28,What Caused the Civil War?,“,One eighth of the whole population were colored slaves,not distributed generally over the Union,but localized in the Southern part of it.These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.All knew that this interest was,somehow,the cause of the war.”-Abraham Lincoln,Second Inaugural Address(1865),Lincolns Second Inauguration,1865,29,rAbraham Lincoln,16th President(18611865),Jefferson Davis,the only President of the Confederate States of America(18611865),30,The Problem of Slavery at the Founding,(,1776-1788,),Lack of controversy over American slavery through mid-18th century,legal in all British colonies on eve of Revolution,Source:Ira Berlin,Many Thousands Gone,(1998),pp.369-70,31,The Problem of Slavery in the New Republic,(,1789-1820,),Abolition efforts at state level after 1789,Virginia declines to consider St.George Tuckers gradual,abolition proposal in 1796,.,New York adopts gradual abolition,1799,Virginia debates foreign colonization of blacks,in wake of Gabriels Rebellion,1800-1801;,asks,for federal assistance in locating a suitable,location for sending emancipated slaves,New Jersey adopts gradual abolition,1804,No further state-level abolition,though slavery,declines significantly in practice in Delaware,and Maryland,St.George Tucker,32,Problem of Slavery in the Jacksonian Era,(,1820-1850,),Party rivalry as counter-weight to sectional conflict,“,Party attachment in former times furnished a complete antidote for sectional prejudices by producing counteracting feelings.It was not until that defense had been broken down that the clamor against Southern Influence and African Slavery could be made effectual in the North.Formerly,attacks upon Southern Republicans were regarded by those of the north as assaults upon their political brethren&resented accordingly.This all powerful sympathy has been much weakened,if not destroyed.It can&ought to be revived.”,-Martin Van Buren(1827),33,The Problem of Slavery and the Realignment of American Politics,(,1850-1860,),Still more questions,:,Why did the Compromise of 1850 fail to usher,in a generation of peace the way the Missouri,Compromise had?,What destroyed the Second Party System,the,longstanding counter-weight to sectional,conflict?,How did the Republican Party capture the,presidency in the election of 1860?,34,The Problem of Slavery in the Secession Crisis,(,1860-1861,),Seven Lower South states,secede before Lincoln takes,office,:,South Carolina(Dec.20,1860),Mississippi(Jan.9,1861),Florida(Jan.10,1861),Alabama(Jan.11,1861),Georgia(Jan.19,1861),Louisiana(Jan.26,1861),Texas(Feb.1,1861),35,Important war,Battle of Gettysburg,36,Early Industrialization,The ubiquitous,（,普遍存在的,）“,rags to riches,”legend,（,传奇,）,became a cornerstone of American society;,anyone could succeed and achieve,wealth if they worked hard.,37,Late Industrialization,Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line,（流水线）,production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers.,The aftermath,(后果）,of World,War II,exacerbated,（加重，使恶化）,the ethical shift as a consumer culture blossomed and Americans became preoccupied with,（沉迷于）,material,goods.,38,Contemporary,People,s desire to achieve the American Dream.,Whether through the television entertainment industry,state-based lottery,（彩票）,marketing drives,or legal advertisements,Americans are told again and again that the road to the financial success of the American Dream is more a matter of luck than hard work.,The history of racial discrimination,The market of black slaves,40,The history of racial discrimination,The black people in the Ameican plantation,41,Todays racial discrimination,In 2005,several policemen were beating an old black,42,Todays racial discrimination,In 2003,a white,people Doug Williams hating the black people brought weapon to kill five black people then killed himself.The right picture is an injured black people in the ambulance,43,Todays racial discrimination,A black woman is collecting the information of job,she lost her job many months,44,In America,the racial discrimination is everywhere,the racial conflicts often appear,the black people are treated inferior by white people,in form of suffering from the lowest salary,insurance and other unfair treatments.,Nowadays,the racial discrimination isn,t just between the white and the black,other races in American are discriminated by the local people and they don,t have right to protect themselves as well.,45,why American racial discrimination is so serious?,1.The mind of the racial discrimination exist in many white peoples minds.They always treat the black people as slaves or think them as criminals.,2.Some of the black people in America become lazy and crazy,they dont work and do harmful things to the society,such as robbing,stealing and killing people.,46,3.The government dont pay more attention to the racial discrimination,sometimes they maybe deprive the black peoples rights to maintain the white peoples rights.,4.The time span in which the black people achieve fair treatment is too short,many persons even hardly realize their rights deprived.,5.A widening gap between rich and poor is a reason causing the racial discrimination.,6.The essence of the problem is that the competition between the race and other race,it likes the regional protectionism(,地方保护主义,).,47,Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.was an American political activist,the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement,Considered a peacemaker throughout the world for his promotion of nonviolence and equal treatment for different races,he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968.His most influential and well-known speech is the I Have A Dream speech,Martin Luther King,We have a long way to go,But we must believe:love is color blind,WhatisAmericandream,Ithinkeveryonehashisownconception.,50,Benjamin Franklin,Benjamin Franklin is not only one of the most important enlightenment philosophers,but also one of the most outstanding scientists domestic and abroad.To some extent,his whole life course is the vivid description of realization of American dream.,51,The achievements of Benjamin Franklin,Benjamin Franklin is no doubt a great writer.Some critics even say,that Benjamin Franklin is the only good American author before the Revolutionary War and assertsAmerican literature begins with Benjamin Franklin.,Everyone has heart the tale about how he flew a kite in a thunderstorm to see if the lightning was really electricity.,He is a successful businessperson,too.,In other words,he achieved not only spiritual success but also material success.,52,Benjamin Franklin,53,Hes one of the most famous businesssman and the richest man in the world.Withour a doubt,Bill Gates belo,n,gs in the same class as Thomas Edison,Alexander Graham Bell,and other great minds who changed the world.,Bill Gates,54,Bill Gates,Gatessuccessstemsfromhispersonality:anunbel-ievableandattimesfrighteningblendofhigh-voltagebrilliance,driveandcompetitiveness.,When the chairman and CEO walks through the corridors of Microsoft,it is like a switch being turned on;everything and everyone around him is,charged with 10,000 wolts of electricity.Gates sets,the example and Microsoft employees follow.,55,Famous Remark of Bill Gates,Life is not fair,get used to it.,Television is not real life.In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.,56,If you think you teacher is tough,wait till you get a boss.He doesnt have tenure.,If you mess up,its not your parents fault,so dont whine about our mistakes,learn from them.,57,Barack Obama,BarackObamaistheNewSymboloftheAmericanDream.,Obama was born in Hawaii,his father is from Kenya and his mother is a white American.Obama graduated from Columbia University and Harvard University,for the first time in 1996,was elected senator in Illinois.In 2004,for the first time elected as a senator,to become the U.S.Congress in the history of the 5,th,session of congress the only black senator,.,58,Obama served three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.,He ran for United States Senate in 2004.,In the 2008 general election,he defeated Republican nominee John McCain,and was inaugurated as president on January 20,2009.,Political career,59,Our challenges may be new.The instruments with which we meet them may be new.But those values upon which our success depends-hard work and honesty,courage and fair play,tolerance and curiosity,loyalty and patriotism-these things are old.These things are true.They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.What is demanded then is a return to these truths.,我们面临的挑战也许是新的，我们应对挑战的措施也许也是新的，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观-勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义-却是历久弥新，这些价值观是可靠的。他们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。,Obamas Inauguration speech,60,What,is required of us now is a new era of responsibility-a recognition,on the part of every American,that we have duties to ourselves,our nation,and the world,duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly,firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit,so defining of our character,than giving our all to a difficult task.This is the price and the promise of citizenship.,我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。,Obamas Inauguration speech,61,What can we learn from them?,63,character,Temperance 节制,Silence 缄默,Order 秩序,Resolution 决心,Chastity 纯真,Fruglity 节俭,Industry 勤劳,Sincerity 诚意,Justice 正义,Moderation 谦虚,Humility 人性,64,American dreams in movies,Forrest Gump,阿甘正传,The Godfather,教父,American Dream,美国梦,65,66,电影,阿甘正传,67,背景：,20,世纪,60,年代末，大背景就是“垮掉的一代”因为这代人迷茫，嫌弃工作和学习，似乎一生都在糜糜中挣扎人生的意义。他们崇尚自由，强调个人价值，反对战争，要求关心环境等。,主题：记录了一个传奇的兴衰，借助阿甘这个冒着傻气的形象，告诉人们只有埋头努力，美国梦总有一天会实现，他们也最终会实现其个人价值。