定语从句考点透析.pptx

書式設定,書式設定,第,2,第,3,第,4,第,5,#,定语从句考点透析,1.as,引导限制性定语从句,先行词必须有,such,或,the same,或用于,as/soas,结构,Such,teachers,as,he knows are all kind to him.,I want to buy,the same,pen,as,you are using.,Let students read,such,books,as,will make them learn more knowledge.,He can lift,so,heavy a stone,as,no one else can.对比：,This is,the same,watch,as,I lost yesterday.But it is not mine.,This is,the same,watch,that,I lost yesterday.Its mine.,s,uch as,such that,He is,such,a learned man,as,we admire.,He is,such,a learned man,that,we admire him.,He is,so,learned a man _,we admire.,He is,so,learned a man _we admire him.缺成分用,as,不缺成分用,that,定语从句,结果状语从句,as,that,2.as,引导非限制性定语从句,Yantai is famous for apples,as we all know.,=As we all know,Yantai is famous for apples.,=Yantai,as we all know,is famous for apples.,As,引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达的整个内容，译为“正如,”，可放在句首，句中，句末。,常见的,as,固定短语,as is said/reported/mentioned above,正如以上所说,/,报道,/,提到的一样,as is often the case,像一般情况一样,as it is,正如现在的这个样子,as we know/as is known to all/as is well known,正如我们所知,as we can see,正如我们看见的,as it happens,碰巧，偶然,as the saying goes,俗话说,对比：,As,is well known,Yantai is famous for apples.,It,is well known,that,Yantai is famous for apples,What,is well known,is that,Yantai is famous for apples.,As,引导非限制性定语从句,It,作形式主语，,that,引导主语从句,What,引导主语从句,即时练习：,_ is reported,the talks between the two countries are making progress.,_ is reported that the talks between the two countries are making progress.,_ is reported is that the talks between the two countries are making progress.,As,It,What,（,1,）限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，如省去，剩下部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。,Those,who want to go,please put up your hands.,A man,who doesnt try to learn from others,cant hope to achieve much.,3.,限制性与非限制性定语从句,(2),非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明和描述，如省去，剩余部分仍然意义完整，表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前后往往有逗号与其余部分隔开。,译成汉语时，可译成两句话that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。,Dr.Brown,who lives next door,come from America.,His wife,who works in Qingdao,will be back home tomorrow.,We will spend this summer in Kunming,where it is warm in winter and cool in summer.,(3),限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句所表达的含义不同,。,I chose the books which have pictures in them.,我只选了有插图的书,。,I chose the books,which have pictures in them.,这些书都有插图，我全都选了。,His,brother who is 18 is a soldier.,他十八岁的弟弟是个士兵。（不止一个弟弟）,His,brother,who is 18 is a soldier.,他弟弟十八岁，是个士兵。（只有一个弟弟）,(4)Which,引导非限制性定语从句，还可以代表主句所表达的整个内容，也可以代表主句的一部分内容，这时,which,可译成“这一点,”,只能放在句末（主句之后）。,The boy failed to pass the college entrance examination,which disappointed his parents.,那男孩没考上大学，这使得他的父母很失望。,My cousin can read and write in English,which I cant.,我弟弟会英语，而我不行。,as,与,which,引导非限制性定语从句的区别,as,：句首、句中、句末,1.,位置,which:,句末,as:“,正如,”,2.,意义,which:,“这一点,”,(1),关系代词作从句的主语,时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要,与先行词保持一致,，,先行词是句子时,，从句的,谓,语动词用,单,数形式。,The recorderthat,has,been given to me is homemade.,I,who,am,your classmate,will share the work with you.,4.,定语从句的主谓一致,(2)one of+,复数名词,+,谓复,the only/the very+one of+,复数名词,+,谓单,He is,one of the students,who,have,made great progress.,He is,the only one of the students,who,has,made great progress.,4.,定语从句的主谓一致,Mr Wang is,one of my friends,who,have been,invited to have dinner with us.,Mr Wang is,the only one of my friends,who,has been,invited to have dinner with us.,4.,定语从句的主谓一致,(1),先行词既指人又指物,We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.,(2),先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,The tallest building that they have built is 100 meters tall.,The second book that the writer wrote was popular with young people.,5.,只用,that,不用,which,的情况,(3),先行词被,very,last,only,no,few,little,much,等修饰,The only thing that I could do at that time was wait.,You can choose any book that you like.,(4),先行词是不定代词,all,anything,everything,little,much,few,等。,Everything that can be done has been done.,All that is needed is a supply of oil.,5.,只用,that,不用,which,的情况,(5),当关系代词在从句中作表语时,China is not the country that she used to be.,Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.,(6),在,who,which,引导的特殊疑问句中。,Who is the girl that is talking with Tom?,Which is the car that you like best?,5.,只用,that,不用,which,的情况,I dont understand the way _ they worked out the problem.,比较：,The way _ he explained to us was quite simple.,The way _ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.,6.way,后接定语从句的情况,that/in which/,that/which/,that/in which/,The fact,that,he had not said anything surprised everybody.,This is,the fact,that,you must know clearly.,The news,that,we will have two days off is true.,The news,that,he told me is true.,7.That,引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,that,同位语从句,不充当成分，无意义，不能省略,定语从句,要充当成分，有意义，作宾语可省略,8.介词关系代词,一、“介词关系代词”的用法,当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。,“,介词,which”,指“物”,“介词,whom”,指“人”,Do you know the lady,with whom,our manager is talking in the office?,Where is the supermarket,in which,you bought the computer last week?,使用“介词关系代词”要注意以下几点：,(,一,),选用介词的依据：,(1),根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯,(,即固定短语,),。,Yesterday we visited the West Lake,for which,Hangzhou is famous.,(2),根据先行词的搭配习惯,(,约定俗成，不一定是短语,),。,The old woman,with whom,you talked just now is a famous artist.,(3),根据句子的意思来选择。,The naughty boy made a hole in the wall,through which,he could see what is happening outside.,(4),表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词,of。,I have about 20 books,half of which,were written by Bing Xin,the famous writer.,We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of whom,are healthy,For many cities in the world,，,there is no room to spread out further,of which,New York is an example,(,二,),在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用,(,短语拆开后含义发生变化,),，如,look after,look for,等。,The babies,whom,the nurses are looking after are very healthy.,The babies,after whom,the nurses are looking are very healthy.,Is this the book,which,she was,looking for,？,这是她在寻找的那本书吗？（不说,for which she was looking）,The babies,whom,the nurses are,looking after,are very healthy,保育员们照看的那些孩子们很健康。（不说,after whom the nurses are looking）,This is the girl,whom,he will,take care of,这就是他要照看的那个女孩。（不说,of whom he will take care）,(,三,)“,of which/whom”,有时可以用“,whose,名词”结构来改写。例如：,The building,whose roof,was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.,The building,of which the roof/the roof of which,was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.,The man pulled out a gold watch,whose hands,were made of small diamonds,=The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of which/of which the hands,were made of small diamonds,(,四,),当先行词为,way,并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用,in which,或,that,引导定语从句,(in which,或,that,可省略,),；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导,(,that,或,which,可省略,),。,All of us disliked the way _ Tom settled the maths problem.,I dont understand the way _ the teacher explained to me.,(,五,),in that,不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。,She didnt attend the meeting,in that/because,she was seriously ill.,that/in which/,that/which/,二、“介词关系代词”与关系副词的转化,(1),where=,介词,which,I visited the village,where,many children couldnt go to school because of poverty.,I visited the village,in which,many children couldnt go to school because of poverty.,(2),when=,介词,which,I still remember the day,when,I first came to Beijing,=I still remember the day,on which,I first came to Beijing,(3)reason=for which,Can you tell me the reason,why,you were late for school?,Can you tell me the reason,for which,you were late for school?,from where,有时也被用来引导定语从句，此时的,where,应是关系代词。如：,His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey window，from where,he could see nothing but trees,不一会儿，他从二楼的一扇窗户里探出头来，除了树林之外，从那里什么也看不到。,He climbed up the top of the temple，,from where,he could see some things in the distance,他爬上了寺庙的顶部，从那里他可以看到远处的一些东西。,1.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.,A,in that B,for that,C,in which D,for which,2.2.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.,A.who B.as,C.about which D.with whom,3.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _people were eaten by the tiger.,A.in which B.by which,C.which D.that,4.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.,A.which;where B.at which;which,C.at which;where D.which;in which,5.The English play _my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.,A.for which B.at which,C.in which D.on which,6.It is reported that two schools,_are being built in my hometown,will open next year.,A.they both B.which both,C.both of them D.both of which,7.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.,A,of which B,which of,C,of them D,of that,8.There are two buildings,_stands nearly a hundred feet high.,（,2004,湖北卷）,A.the larger B.the larger of them,C.the larger one that D.the larger of which,9,He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.,A,after which B.after that,C.in which D.in that,10,Eric received training in computer for one year_,he found a job in a big company.,A.after that B.after which,C.after it D.after this,考点强化：,1,Last week,only two people came to look at the home,_ wanted to buy it.(2007,安徽卷,),A.none of them B.both of them,C.none of whom D.neither of whom,2,Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.(2007,重庆卷,),A.with which B.to which,C.of which D.for which,3,I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was,she had run back in the direction _ she had come.(2006,重庆卷,),A.of which B.by which,C.in which D.from which,4,I was given three books on cooking,the first _ I really enjoyed.,（,2006,浙江卷,),A.of that B.of which C.that D.which,5,I have many friends,_some are businessmen.,（,2005,全国卷,I,）,A,of them B,from which,C,who of D,of whom,6.He was educated at a local grammar school,he went on to Cambridge.,（,2005,山东卷）,A.from which B.after that,C.after which D.from this,7,The United States is made up of fifty states,one of _ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.,（,2005,上海春季）,A.them B.those C.which D.whose,8,Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.,（,2005,重庆卷）,A.during which time B.for which time,C.during whose time D.by that time,9.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.(2002,上海卷,),A.with him B.who,C.with whom D.whom,10.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.(2000,上海卷,),A.which price B.the price of which,C.its price D.the price of whose,