语法专项提升专题四.ppt

语法专项提升 专题十一,高考总复习,英语,学生见,P,217,介词的分类和用法,介词可分为简单介词（如,on,over,at,about,）、短语介词（如,in addition to,along with,regardless of,）和分词介词（如,concerning,including,）。介词的考查主要方式之一就是与动词、名词等搭配成短语或词组。另外介词本身也有其意义和作用，比如表示方位的介词，如,above,over,across,into,around,towards,below,beneath,等；表时间的介词，如,at,in,on,by,after,from,since,等；表方式手段的介词，如,by,（后接交通工具时不要冠词），,on,in,，,with,（表示具体的有形的工具或身体的某部分）；表原因的介词,because of,，,due to,，,thanks to,等。,以下介词需特别关注：,1.besides,（除,以外还有）,except,（意为“除去,”,，后可接句子）,but,other than,except for,（意为“除了,”,，后接短语）,2.with,的复合结构：,with,名词代词现在分词过去分词不定式形容词介词短语或副词,相当于一个状语从句。,3.beyond,本意是“在,的那一边”，引申为“超越,;,超过某人的能力等”。,例如：The professor in his lecture went beyond the capacity of his audience.,这位教授的课超过了听众的理解能力。,4.without,常用作介词，意为“没有”，也可用作副词，如,do without,go without,（没有,也行）。,5.against,意为“反对，违反；靠，倚；防备”,它能与不同的动词、名词搭配，意思十分灵活。,并列连词主要是连接一个并列句。并列句一般不可只用逗号分隔，而要用分号或并列连词连接，连词前可用或不用逗号。例如：,He was a man who had plenty of money,and who spent it freely.,他是一个有很多钱并且花钱很随意的人。,I would have written before but I have been ill.,要不是生病了，我就已经写完了。,连词的用法,1.and,表示平行、递进等关系。例如：,You must write me a good long letter and tell me what you are doing and so forth.,你必须给我写封长信，告诉我你在做什么事等等。,and,用在这里表平行递进关系。,John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.,Never had,I heard him talk so much.,约翰昨天和我谈了约一个小时，我从未听过他说那么多话。,By no means should,you lose heart.,你决不应该失去信心。,2.but,和,yet,表示转折或对照等关系。例如：,I hope you don,t mind me asking,but where did you buy those shoes?,我希望你不介意我问一下，你在哪里买的鞋子。,There,re many kinds of sports,but my favorite is swimming.,运动的种类很多，但我最喜欢的是游泳。,尽管,but,和,yet,都可译作“但是”，但二者间还是有区别的。主要有以下几个方面。,but,是并列连词，而,yet,可用作并列连词或副词，因此不可说,and but,，但可说,and yet,、,but yet,。例如：,What we heard was strange,and yet it was true.,我们所听说的非常奇怪，然而它是真的。,but,不可放在句尾，而,yet,则可放在句尾，因为,yet,可用作副词。例如：,I don,t want to go yet.,我还是不想去。,but,表示对照或对立时，一般都比较轻松自然，而,yet,表示对照或对立时，则往往比较强烈，时常出人意料。例如：,Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.,简说她病了，可是我刚刚在大街上看到她了。,but,用在表示歉意的话后（可省略不译），引起一个句子，此时很少用,yet,。例如：,I,m sorry,but I disagree with you all.,我很遗憾，我不赞同你们（的观点）。,Excuse me,but can you tell me how to get to the railway station?,打扰了，你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？。,3.for,表示原因或理由，是对前文的说明或解释，它一般不可置于句首。例如：,I must be off now,for my sister is expecting me.,我得走了，因为我的妹妹在等着我。,I couldn,t answer the question,for I had not prepared my lessons well.,我答不出这个问题，因为我没有好好准备这堂课。,4.so,表示结果。例如：,I was very thirsty,so I asked for some water to drink.,我很渴，所以我想要些水喝。,The play began at eight,so they must dine at seven.,戏,8,点开始，所以他们必须,7,点吃饭。,5.or,表示选择或转折关系。例如：,They had lost their way in the forest;they didn,t know how to go farther or turn back.,他们在森林里迷路了，他们不知怎么往前走也不知怎么往回走。,Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.,我得走了，不然参加晚会要迟到了。,.,单句填空,1.,（,2014,大纲卷改编）,September 30 is the day,which you must pay your bill.,【,解析,】,句意：,9,月,30,日是你必须付账的截止日期。句中,which,指的是先行词,the day,而,by,意为“在,之前”。,【,答案,】by,2.,（,2014,北京卷改编）,Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,plants can spread to new places.,【,解析,】,前后为因果关系，因此填,so,。,【,答案,】so,学生见,P,217,3.,（,2014,北京卷改编）,Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves,half an hour.,【,解析,】,介词,in+,一段时间，意为“在,之后”，即火车半小时后出发，因此,in,符合题意。,【,答案,】in,4.,（,2014,浙江卷改编）,People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying,expression.,【,解析,】,句意：当人们还有自己的想法需要诉求和表达的时候，他们是不会注意到你的。,cry for,是固定表达，意同“,be dying for”,意为“渴望，急需”，因此填,for,。,【答案,】for,5.,（,2014,福建卷改编）,Our club is open to everyone,age,sex or educational background.,【,解析,】,句意：我们的俱乐部对所有的人都开放，不论年龄、性别或教育背景。,regardless of,意为“不管，不计”，符合题意。,【,答案,】regardless of,6.,（,2014,江西卷改编）,It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life,his great wealth.,【,解析,】,句意：尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，但他却过着简朴的生活，这真令人难以置信。,despite,意为“尽管”，符合题意。,【,答案,】despite,7.,（,2014,天津卷改编）,the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.,【,解析,】,句意：除了这所学校外，村里还有一家诊所，也是政府资助修建的。句中,also,提示我们这里强调的是还有,之意，因此,In addition to/Besides,符合题意。,【,答案,】In addition to/Besides,8.,（,2014,陕西卷改编）,The Scottish girl,blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.,【,解析,】,介词,with,有“具有，拥有”之意，符合题意。,【,答案,】with,9.,（,2014,重庆卷改编）,She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went,the road.,【,解析,】,句意：她在拐弯处开得那么快以至于车子几乎偏离了道路。,off,意为“,away from”,，符合题意。,【,答案,】off,10.I think George doesnt really care for TV plays.,Right,he still watches the program.,【,解析,】,句意：,我认为乔治不一定真的喜欢电视剧。,是的，但他还在看电视节目。上下文为转折关系，,but,正是一个起转折关系作用的并列连词。题干中选用,right,一词赞同对方的观点，其后又用了,still,一词，表示（乔治）依然是,，这一赞一反间，当然是转折关系，因此此题非,but,莫属。,【,答案,】but,11.Stand over there,youll be able to see it better.,【,解析,】,句意：站在那边，这样你会看得更清楚点。考查特殊句式：祈使句,+and,引导的一个表结果的句子。,【,答案,】and,12.Some students often listen to music,classes to refresh themselves.,【,解析,】,句意：一些学生经常在课间听音乐来提神。,between,表示两两之间，符合题意。,【,答案,】between,13,Between the two generations,it is often not their age,their education that causes misunderstanding.,【,解析,】,句意：在两代人之间,往往不是他们的年龄,而是他们的教育导致误解。本句是考查,notbut,引导的并列句。,【,答案,】but,14.So little did I know about mathematics that the lecture was completely,me.,【,解析,】,句意：我对数学知之甚少，以至于我完全听不懂这个讲座。,beyond,这里意为“超过,的理解范围”，符合题意。,【,答案,】beyond,15.We have to weigh the cost of the new system,the benefits it will bring.,【,解析,】,句意：我们必须权衡一下起用新系统所需的成本和它将带来的效益。,weighagainst,意为“将,与,进行权衡，掂量”。,【,答案,】against,16.He wore a brown suit and,moved precisely and energetically and I suddenly remembered that people kept telling us he was special,his age.,【,解析,】,句意：他穿着一件咖啡色西装，动作利落，充满活力。我突然想起人们曾不断地告诉我们以他的年龄而言，他非常优异。,for,意为“相对,而言”，往往含有异常之意。,【,答案,】for,17.Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter,physical and mental health.,【,解析,】,句意：科学家确信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。,have an effect on,意为“对,有影响”。,effect,后跟,on,是固定搭配。,【,答案,】on,18.I would prefer a quiet evening at home as opposed to spending my time,the company of many people.,【,解析,】,句意：我宁愿在家里度过一个安静的夜晚，也不想在一大群人的陪伴中度过。,in the company of,是固定搭配，意为“在,的陪伴下”。,【,答案,】in,19.Some people are always occupied,work,and therefore they cannot go traveling and enjoy the weather.,【,解析,】,句意：有些人总是被工作缠身，不能出外旅行，享受阳光明媚的天气。,be occupied with,是固定表达，意为“忙于,”,。,【,答案,】with,20.Nowadays,those who actively choose to live in rural communities are generally motivated by the particular qualities of village lifepeace,quiet,pace of life and easy access,open country.,【,解析,】,句意：现在，那些热心于在乡村定居的人都是被乡村的恬静、平和、（缓慢的）生活节奏以及能够和大自然亲密接触的特性深深吸引。,have access to,是固定搭配，意为“能够接近；有权使用”，,to,是介词。,【,答案,】to,.,单句改错,1.When you looked at those mountains,at their beauty and their lines in the blue sky,this tree alone was seen to hold the sky.,【,解析,】,句意：当你看着那些山脉，看着它们的美和它们映衬在蓝天下的线条，单独的这一棵树看起来好像撑起了整个天空。,against,有“以,为背景，在,映衬下”之意，符合题意。,【,答案,】inagainst,2.He climbed up a large tree,planted on a high rock,whose branches were thick enough to conceal him,and yet enabled him to see all that passed with being discovered.,【,解析,】,句意：他爬上了一棵很大的树。那棵树长在一块很高的岩石上，有着茂密的树枝足以隐蔽他，还能够让他在不被发现的情况下看到所有发生的一切。,without,意为“不能，没有,”,符合题意。,【,答案,】withwithout,3.So,to be here tonight and be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is without expression in words for me.,【,解析,】,句意：所以，今晚能来这里，能有幸被选为第一个获得这项殊荣的人，我实在无法用言语来表达自己的感受。,beyond,有“超越”之意，,beyond expression,意为“无法表达；形容不出”。,【,答案,】withoutbeyond,4.Groups of young Chinese dancers,dressed in blue shorts and white baseball caps,danced with the music and waved red flags.,【,解析,】,句意：一群群身穿蓝色短裤、头戴白色棒球帽的中国年轻人伴随着音乐翩翩起舞，挥舞红旗。,to the music,是固定搭配，,to,意为“伴随着,，和着,”,符合题意。,【,答案,】withto,5.Together,Im confident that we can move steadily towards the direction of progress and meet our responsibility to our people and to the future that we will all share.,【,解析,】,句意：我深信，只要我们携起手来，就能沿着进步的方向稳步向前，履行我们对我们的人民和我们共同的未来所承担的责任。沿,方向应用,in the direction of,。,【,答案,】towardsin,6.Despite the fact that all the family members are against his decision,hes determined to marry to that woman.,【,解析,】,句意：尽管家人都反对他的决定,他还是决定要娶那个女人。,marry,是及物动词，其后的介词,to,是多余的。,【,答案,】marry to that woman,7.Her entering into a university was a big surprise to everyone at that time when womens education was always second to mens.,【,解析,】,句意：在当时她能进入大学读书对每个人而言是一件惊奇之事，因为当时的女性教育总是放在次之于男人的地位。句中,enter,是及物动词，其后的介词,into,是多余的。,【,答案,】entering into a university,8.Contrary with what I had imagined by myself,the discussion turned out to be the climax of the meeting.,【,解析,】,句意：与我自己想象的相反,讨论后来成为了会议的高潮。,contrary to是固定用法，意为“与,相反，违反,”,，不可用,contrary with,。,【,答案,】withto,9.They are the people who pour cold water to all our enthusiasms,have no faith in human nature,no sympathy with human suffering.,【,解析,】,句意：面对我们的一腔热情，他们只知大泼冷水，他们不相信人性、不同情人间疾苦。,pour cold water on/over,是固定用法，意为“对,泼冷水，使气馁。”,【,答案,】toover/on,10.Such a little boy has so little difficulty at working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much.,【,解析,】,句意：这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少，以至于我很佩服他。,have difficulty in doing sth.,是一个固定结构，意为“在做,方面有困难”。,【,答案,】atin,11.Mr.Feng concluded his remarks by saying that moving part of his business abroad doesnt necessarily mean that hes lost confidence for the China market.,【,解析,】,句意：最后，冯先生说，将部分业务转移到海外并不一定意味着他对中国市场失去了信心。,lose confidence in,是固定搭配，意为“对,失去信心”。,【,答案,】forin,12.The earliest Mothers Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor for Rhea,the Mother of the Gods.,【,解析,】,句意：母亲节最早可追溯到古希腊，人们为了表示 对众神之母瑞亚的敬重，每年春天都会举行重大的庆祝活动。,in honor of,是一个固定的介词短语，意为“为了纪念,”,。,【,答案,】forof,13.They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up.,【,解析,】,句意：那一天余下的时间里，他们都在思考这个问题，并且把他们想到的都写下来。,come up with,是一个固定短语，意为“想出，想起”，句中,what,是其逻辑宾语，因此with,不可省略。,【,答案,】came up with,14.He purchased a 104acre island along the coast of Belize in 2014 and planed to develop a resort with renewable energy sources.,【,解析,】,句意：在,2014,年，他买下伯利兹海岸附近一座面积为,104,英亩的小岛，计划以可再生能源开发一个度假村。,off,表示的是分离且离,不远,;along,表示的是在,上且沿着,。,【,答案,】alongoff,15.All were dressed green and whitethe typical colors of the uniforms worn by students and teachers in Burma.,【,解析,】,句意：所有人都穿着白色的上衣和绿色的围裙,这是缅甸学生和教师制服的标准颜色搭配。,dressed in,相当于,wearing,wear,是及物动词，后直接跟宾语,;dress,用作及物动词时，其宾语往往是人，即,dress sb.,（给,穿衣服）。此句中应是,be dressed in+,衣服。,【,答案,】dressed in/dressedwearing,16.Faced her look of shock,I had been ready to take it all back if necessary,blame myself,and apologize.,【,解析,】,句意：面对她那震惊的表情，我已经准备收回我说过的话，如果有必要的话，责备我自己，再道歉。,face,表“面对”时，是及物动词，后直接跟宾语。,【,答案,】Faced with/FacedFacing,17.Creative people with many hobbies and interests,and those who have the ability to keep themselves occupied with all manner of circumstances,tend not to become bored easily.,【,解析,】,句意：爱好广泛且富有创造力的人，以及在各种环境中都能有所作为的人，并不容易陷入无聊的泥淖。这里不是,be occupied with,（忙于,）,而是,keep oneself occupied,（,=busy,）,in all manner,（在各方面）。,【,答案,】occupied withoccupied in,18,You will have to keep in mind that while you are excited to share your experiences in abroad,not everyone will want to share every single experience.,【,解析,】,句意：当你兴奋地分享你在海外的经历时，你一定要记住，并不是每个人都想分享你的经验中的每个细微末节。句中,abroad,是副词，修饰其前面的名词,experiences,。,【,答案,】experiences in abroad,19.I suggest you notice your manager at least one day for advance if you have any leave plan.,【,解析句意：如果你有任何的休假计划，我建议你至少提前一天通知你的负责人。,in advance,是固定短语，意为“提前，事先”。,【,答案,】forin,20.Wed visited the village without warning and selected our interview subjects on random,but some of the answers were probably crafted to please the government.,【,解析,】,句意：我们在没有预约的情况下拜访这个村子，随机选择采访对象，但是其中一些回答可能是为了取悦政府而编造的。,at random,是固定短语，意为“胡乱地；随便地；任意地”。,【,答案,】onat,