2023世界充电桩指数.pdf

1EV Charging Index Edition 4EV Charging Index Edition 4|2023RechargedThe electric vehicle and EV charging markets regain stability2EV Charging Index Edition 43EV Charging Index Edition 4After a turbulent first half of 2022,the electric vehicle(EV)and EV charging market returned to strong growth according to the latest edition of Roland Bergers EV Charging Index.Several key market indicators,such as EV sales and charging infrastructure developments,hit record highs,despite turbulent energy prices in some markets.The fourth edition of the Index,covering 30 markets in five regions Europe,China,Americas,Middle East and Asia(other)and 31 indicators,is based on industry interviews,primary research and a survey of 16,000 participants from all regions conducted in the first half of 2023.In this report,we present the overall findings and focus on four topical areas.First,with global EV sales penetration reaching a record high in 2022,we look at how the factors affecting interest in EVs differ across the regions.Second,we assess the drivers behind the rapid expansion of public EV charging networks,from new technologies to convenience.Third,as the percentage of EV owners who report using public charging reaches 90%,we analyze changing customer behaviors and find that range anxiety is still a major problem.Lastly,we examine the emerging regionalization of OEMs strategies with regard to EV charging infrastructure,especially the different approaches applied in the United States and China.Cover photo Andrew Merry/Getty Images45EV Charging Index Edition 4EV Charging Index Edition 4All of the top five performers in the fourth edition of the Index increased or maintained their score compared to the previous edition,with all at record-breaking highs.China topped the rankings with a total of 82(out of 100),followed by Germany(74),the United States(73)and the Netherlands(69).Norway(65)knocked the United Kingdom out of the top five by less than one point.The gaps between the top five narrowed considerably,with Germany and the United States,in particular,making ground on China.Scores and rankings:The pack closes on leader China,with improvements across the board Source:EV Volume;Roland Berger EV Charging Index1515202025253535454555556565757530304040505060607070808085QatarUAETurkeyThailandBelgiumBrazilIndiaFranceNorwayCanadaSaudi ArabiaIndonesiaIsraelEdition 2(April 2022)HungarySwitzerlandPortugalSwedenUKNetherlandsGLOBALGLOBALGLOBALGermanyUSAChinaSouth KoreaItalySingaporeJapanSpainQatarQatarVietnamVietnamUAEUAETurkeyTurkeyThailandThailandRomaniaRomaniaBelgiumBelgiumBrazilBrazilIndiaIndiaFranceFranceNorwayNorwayCanadaCanadaSaudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaIndonesiaIndonesiaMalaysiaMalaysiaIsraelIsraelEdition 3(November 2022)Edition 4(May 2023)HungaryHungarySwitzerlandSwitzerlandPortugalPortugalSwedenSwedenUKUKGermanyGermanyUSAUSAChinaChinaSouth KoreaSouth KoreaItalyItalySingaporeSingaporeJapanJapanSpainSpainUAETurkeyCanadaItalySpainSouth KoreaSwedenBelgiumFranceGermanyNorwayNetherlandsChinaUKUSAEdition 1(November 2021)NetherlandsNetherlandsClosing the gap:While China again tops the rankings,the chasing pack of Germany,the US,the Netherlands and Norway are catching up6EV Charging Index Edition 47EV Charging Index Edition 4In fact,the improved performance of countries across the Middle East and Southeast Asia helped to drive up the average country score from 45 to 51 points.This indicates a healthy and growing global EV charging market.There was positive news at the other end of the table,too.Several countries showed a big improvement in their score,with Malaysia(41)and Indonesia(41)both jumping by 12 points,and even bottom-of-the-table Saudi Arabia jumping from 16 to 27 points.Source:Roland Berger EV Charging IndexGlobal growth:Improved scores in almost all 30 countries reflect across-the-board improvement in EV chargingBrazil456050-59.940-49.920-39.9Not included in the scopeEV CHARGING INDEX SCORING RESULTS total of 100 points from 31 ranking indicatorsPortugal46Switzerland58Italy51Turkey39Israel36UAE35India51Japan47Qatar42Saudi Arabia27Hungary34Spain58France64Belgium49Netherlands69Norway65Sweden60UK65USA73Germany74Canada49China82Indonesia42Malaysia41South Korea 63Thailand41Singapore48Romania39Vietnam308EV Charging Index Edition 49EV Charging Index Edition 41 To better reflect these and other developments,we adjusted some indicators of the customer survey in the fourth edition of the Index.We replaced several EV purchasing indicators with EV charging experience indicators,including experience on charging speed and convenience of public charging.The aim is to better reflect customer satisfaction with the development of charging infrastructure.Several recent events in the EV market have helped drive this overall increase in scores.1 A key factor is that a price war has broken out.While the choice of higher-price-segment EV models has always been strong in global markets,the pickings in the lower-price segment have been slim.OEMs have been slow to fill this gap but are now acting.Tesla,for instance,is cutting prices on its existing models and is exploring a low-cost option,while BYD is set to offer its basic Seagull model from USD 12,000 in China.Volkswagen is also considering a low-cost model for the European market.Developments in the charging market itself are also having an impact.For example,in late 2022 Tesla began exploring opening up its much envied and fast expanding supercharger network to all EVs in more countries.California,one of the worlds biggest EV markets,announced it was investing USD 2.9 billion to more than double the US states number of public chargers to around 170,000.New partnerships also continued to spring up.In October,Hertz announced a deal with energy giant BP to build an EV charging network in the United States to service the rental firms growing EV fleet.In addition,GM announced a push into holistic charging services through its new subsidiary,GM Energy.We are beginning to see the impact from of a series of new laws and investment in electrification by the US federal government,as billions in funding is starting to be disbursed.Its Inflation Reduction Act(IRA),National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure(NEVI)program and CHIPS and Science Act will together have a major impact on EV sales,charging infrastructure and semiconductor capacity in the U.S.Global EV sales penetration rates(the share of EVs sold as a percentage of total vehicles sold)reached record highs in the second half of 2022,hitting 15%at the global level.The market therefore appears relatively resilient to external factors,while consumer sensitivity to input energy costs and risks has receded since the last edition of the Index.European EV sales reboundThe fourth edition of the EV Charging Index shows that EV sales in major European countries rebounded in late 2022 after a downswing in the first half of 2022.The underlying reason behind this dip was the energy crisis and EV drivers high level of price sensitivity our customer surveys in 2021 and 2022 showed that 42%and 59%of participants,respectively,regarded costs as a key concern for EV purchasing.Back on track:EV sales penetration rates leaped in H2 2022 as electricity prices returned to pre-Ukraine war levelsEV SALES PENETRATION RATES H2 2021 to H2 2022,%Source:EV Volumes;IHS;Roland BergerEV market:The sector remains resilientEuropeChina27%2021 H2 to 2022 H22021 overall2022 overall20%4%3%4%15%24%25%4%3%4%14%28%29%6%6%4%16%AmericasMiddle EastAsia (other)Global overall2021 H22022 H12022 H223%26%16%27%3%5%2%4%3%4%13%15%10 EV Charging Index Edition 411EV Charging Index Edition 4Ukraine war still has global impact In the third edition of the Index(H1 2022),we asked our survey respondents about the impact of the war in Ukraine on their interest in EVs.Globally,58%expressed concerns over fluctuating energy prices and the resulting diminishing EV total cost of ownership advantages.In the fourth edition,EV owners seem to have adapted to the effects of the conflict.Now,only 46%overall have concerns about the wars impact,although the degree of adaptation varies.Respondents in China and the Middle East now register the lowest levels of concern(16%and 38%)and saw the biggest drops since the previous edition.But while they also both recorded sharp falls,around half of respondents in Europe and the Americas still harbor concerns about the impact of the war on EV purchases.In Europe,this is most likely due to the proximity of the conflict and continued uncertainty over energy prices.European electricity prices soared to an unprecedented level in early 2022,significantly pushing up the cost of EV driving and undermining customers confidence in EV ownership.However,once supply and demand conditions allowed some normalization of costs,the European EV sales and penetration rate in H2 2022 surged to 28%from 24%in H1 2022,higher than in H2 2021.Source:DIEM Platform;Roland BergerSource:2023 EV Charging Index Ed.4 customer survey;Roland BergerJAN 2022MAR 2022MAY 2022AUG 2022HIGHEST PRICEChange in%of affected participantsEV OWNERS FEELING NOT OR LESS AFFECTEDEV OWNERS STILL FEELING MILDLY MORE AFFECTEDAs energy prices fluctuate due to the event,it had some impactNo impact at allQ4 AVERAGEREDUCTIONNOV 2022493JAN 2023Global overallEuropeChinaAmericasMiddle EastAsia(other)MONTHLY AVERAGE ELECTRICITY WHOLESALE PRICES Euros per MWh,2022.01 to 2023.01The cost of war:While concerns about the impact of the war in Ukraine on EV adoption have fallen,almost half of our global respondents remain wary469364447190FranceGermanyNetherlandsUKSwedenPrice back to Jan 22 level,before the Ukraine warHas the invasion of Ukraine affected your interest in EV adoption?4258-12%-3%-39%-13%-26%-19%54464951524845558416396152483664623830704951US67%51%Netherlands51%50%UK50%44%Spain59%40%Germany48%53%France47%52%Sweden45%55%Italy44%55%Edition 3 resultEdition 4 resultGermanySwedenNetherlandsUKFrance469197-58%190141-26%447198-56%364122-67%493214-57%12 EV Charging Index Edition 413EV Charging Index Edition 4The recent boom in EV sales has given a huge boost to the global EV charging market.In particular,public charging networks have been rapidly expanding,while the ongoing rollout of fast-charging technology has transformed the structure of charging networks.According to our survey results,the combination of the two made charging EVs at public charging stations much more convenient in H2 2022 than before.In this section we take a closer look at fast charging and perceptions of public charging networks.Fast charging and the DC champions Fast chargers accelerate the charging process by converting AC power(from the grid)to DC power(required by the battery)at the charging station and delivering the DC power directly to the EVs battery.DC chargers are now growing faster than AC chargers in public charging.They are especially prevalent along highways,where drivers want to charge up rapidly before continuing their journey.Public charging:The rising share of fast chargers is boosting satisfaction levelsOur survey results show a growing global trend in public DC chargers as well as DC charger density more widely.China is leading the way in the rollout:Its share of DC chargers in public networks exceeded 42%in H2 2022,for example.Meanwhile,the Middle East is a rising DC star:Its DC charger share grew by 7%in 2022 to more than 21%,while its DC charging density rose by 125%to 1.3 DC chargers per 100 kilometers of road.Both figures are set to grow rapidly.Customer perceptions about public and fast chargingUnsurprisingly,EV owners are responding positively to the expansion of public charging networks and DC fast charging.In our survey,respondents from all five regions showed higher levels of satisfaction with the convenience of EV charging.A total of 83%said that public charging networks were easier to access in H2 2022,compared with 67%in H1 2022.EV owners in China,the Americas and the Middle East recorded the highest levels of satisfaction.Powering ahead:All regions saw growth in fast DC charging share and density in 2022,with China leading the wayEase of access:The share of global survey respondents who think public charging has become easier to access grew by 16%between H1 and H2 2022Source:EV Volumes;desk research;Roland BergerSource:2023 EV Charging Index Ed.4 customer survey;Roland BergerDC SHARE OF PUBLIC CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE%,2022 H1 to H2DC CHARGER DENSITY#OF DC CHARGERS PER 100 KM ROADWAYS#,2022 H1 to H2EuropeChinaAmericasMiddle EastAsia (other)Global overall20.4%21.5%19.3%19.5%40.5%42.3%18.5%22.3%14.5%21.4%22.1%22.0%2.32.72.62.911.714.40.30.30.61.32.22.3+1.8%+22.9%+0.2%+13.4%+3.8%+25.5%+6.9%+125.0%-0.1%+5.2%The most sufficientThe most significant improve-ment2022 H12022 H2Do you think public charging has become easier over the past 6 months?results of 2022 H1 vs.2022 H2?PERCENTAGE WHO FEEL IT IS MORE CONVENIENT (much more convenient+a bit more convenient)Much more convenientOverall satisfaction rates:xx%=2022 H1 xx%=2022 H2A bit more convenientNo differenceMore difficultGlobal overallEuropeChinaAmericasMiddle EastAsia(other)67%61%74%70%76%76%83%78%93%88%89%87%35%27%51%41%48%39%23%20%21%26%30%30%15%20%7%11%10%12%24%28%23%22%16%17%2%2%2%1%1%9%10%3%8%8%6%48%51%42%46%42%48%44%42%53%45%45%47%0%14 EV Charging Index Edition 415EV Charging Index Edition 4A key purpose of our Charging Index is to gauge and understand the shifting behaviors and preferences of EV owners.In this edition,we focus on customer preferences in public charging.Growing reliance on public charging networksGlobally,only 10%of EV owners never visit a public charging location.More than 30%of EV owners use public charging services three or more times a week.Chinese EV owners are particularly dependent on public charging networks.Thus,the penetration rate in China is 96%,with 17%of Chinese EV owners visiting public charging locations more than five times a week significantly higher than the global average.Customer behavior:EV owners are becoming increasingly dependent on public chargingWhen it comes to public charging speeds,EV owners in China and the Middle East are the most satisfied,with around two-thirds of respondents in both regions agreeing that speeds are sufficient.Across all regions,the majority of respondents are satisfied.Fast enough:More than half of EV owners think public charging speeds are sufficient,with Chinese respondents particularly satisfied Frequent visitors:The vast majority of global EV owners use public charging infrastructure at least once a week Based on your experience,are you satisfied with the charging speed of current public charging facilities?On average,how often do you charge your EV via a public charging network?Source:2023 EV Charging Index Ed.4 customer survey;Roland BergerSource:2023 EV Charging Index Ed.4 customer survey;Roland BergerEuropeEuropeChinaChinaAmericasAmericasMiddle EastMiddle EastAsia (other)Asia (other)Global overallGlobal overallI dont have an op