Grammar过去分词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,The past participle,The past participle as the Attribute,Predicative,the object complement and Adverb.,过去分词充当定语、表语,、,宾语补足语和状语。,作用与用法：,过去分词,(,表示,完成,和,被动,的动作,),具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。,定语,过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在,被动关系,。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,;,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。,如,:,The,_,window(=The window,_,)will be replaced soon.,(break),破损的窗户很快就会被换掉,。,The books,_,yesterday are of high quality.,(buy),昨天买的书确实很不错,。,Which,/that,was broken,Which/that were bought,broken,bought,表语,过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个,形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。,如,:,Im,interested,in reading novels,written by Jin Yong.,我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。,宾语补足语,作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有,:,A,.see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,等表示感觉和心理状态的动词,。,She,found her,book_.,她发现书被偷了,。,stolen,B,.make,get,have,leave,等表示“致使”意义的动词,What made them so,_,?,什么使他们如此害怕？,C.like,want,wish,order,等表示“希望、要求,”,等意义的动词,He wont like such question,s _,at the meeting.,他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论,。,frightened,discussed,过去分词短语作状语,过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句,若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成,动宾关系,即是该分词动作的承受者。,1.,过去分词作原因状语,_by the film,they all cried.,(move),他们看了那部电影深受感动,都哭了。,2.,过去分词作状语,表示伴随情况或方式。,The trainer appeared,_six little dogs.(follow),训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。,Greatly,moved,followed,by,3.,过去分词作状语,还可以表示,:,_,we could do it better.(give),（条件）,多给点时间的话，我们会做得更好。,_,ice can be changed into water.(heat),（时间）,冰加热时变成水。,Given,much time,When,heated,现在,分词与过去分词,的区别,:,定语中,现在,分词作定语,常表示,“,动作,正在进行,”,此时,或当时的,状态,等,;,过去,分词则常表示,“,动作发生,在谓语,动词的动作前,”,或表示,被动,等。,如,:I know the man _there.(stand),我认识站在那儿的那个人。,Is there anything _for tonight?(plan),今晚有什么活动吗？,standing,planned,表语,现在分词作表语,具有,主动,的含义,意味着“起这种作用”,常翻译为“令人,;,而过去分词作表语具有,被动,含义,意味着“受这种影响”,常翻译为“感到,”,。,如,:The work was _这项工作挺累人的。,The worker were soon_.,工人们很快就感到累了。,tiring,tired,注意,:,作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作,:,The book is well,written,.(,表语,),The book was,written,by a soldier.(,被动语态,),宾语补足语,现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语,(,即主动关系,);,过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语,(,即被动关系,),。,如,:I heard someone _me.,I heard my name_.(call)我听见有人喊我。,calling,called,状语,过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于,:,过去分词与句子主语构成,动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成,主谓关系,。,_in this light,I,find the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.(see),_in this light,the matter,is not as serious as people generally suppose.,Seeing,Seen,配套练习,_ air and water are harmful to peoples health.,（,pollute),受污染的空气和水对人健康有害。,2.The problem _ yesterday was very difficult to solve.(discuss),昨天在会上讨论的问题很难解决。,Polluted,discussed at the meeting,完成句子。,3.He _ when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.(excite),当他听说他在比赛中得了第一，他变得兴奋起来。,4.I havent got _ yet.(develop),我还没把照片冲洗出来。,5Do you know the man _?(stand),你认识站在门旁的那人吗？,became excited,the film developed,Standing besides the door,6._,I couldnt help crying.(move),由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。,7._,we could give a good performance.(give),给我们一个机会，我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。,Moved by what my mother said,Given a chance,8._,John said he was a New Yorker.(ask),当问到他出生在哪里时，约翰说他是纽约人。,9.I found _ in Marys room.(leave),我发现我书包落在,Mary,家里了。,When asked where he was born,my school bag left,单句改错,1.A breaking cup is lying on the floor.,breaking,改为,broken,2.The meeting holds yesterday was very important.,holds,改为,held,3.When I entered the room.I found Mary seating beside my mother.,seating,改为,seated,4.When they woke up,they found the world outside completely changing.,changing,改为,changed,/sitting,1.After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home_.A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted,单项填空,2.You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood,3._ by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.,A.Driven B.Being driven,C.To drive D.Having driven,4.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.,A.watered B.watering,C.water D.to water,5._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared,6.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained,7.He glanced over at her,_ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.A.having noted B.noted C.to note D.noting,8._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing,9.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party.,A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change,10._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.,A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed,11.The disc digitally _in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded,12.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt,()1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.(90,全国,)A.Given,B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given.()2.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school(93,全国,)A.open B.opening,C.having opened D.opened,A,D,高考链接,(),3,._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(01,全国夏,)A.Having suffered B.Suffering,C.To suffer,D.Suffered,A,(),4,.The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.(02,全国,),A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun,D,(),5,.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.(03,上海春,)A.invited B.inviting,C.being invited D.having invited,A,(),6,.Friendship is like money:easier,made than _.(03,北京,),A.kept B.to be kept,C.keeping D.having kept,A,(),7,.Mr.Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.(03,北京春,)A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored,C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring,(),8,._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.(03,北京,)A.Having given B.To give,C.Giving D.Given,A,D,(),9,.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94,全国,)A.having written B.to be written,C.being written D.written,(),10,._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96,全国,)A.Losing B.Having lost,C.Lost D.To lose,D,C,(),11,._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.(00,上海,)A.Being founded B.It was founded,C.Founded D.Founding,C,(),12,.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.(02,上海春,)A.completed B.completing,C.being completed D.to be completed,A,(),13,.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(02,京皖春,)A.are bought B.bought,C.been bought D.buying,B,()1,4,.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.(02,上海,)A.being known B.having been known,C.to be known D.known,D,