动词不定式课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,动词不定式,结构,:to do,(,否定,)not to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2).He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(,一般式表示与谓语的动作同时或发生在,它之后,.),(,与,谓语动词同时发生）,(,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,),(4).Were happy,to have been working with,you.,(,表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的,动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续,),1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,三,.,语法,功能（在句中起着名词、形容词、副词的特征）,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn,.,(1).,主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用,it,作形式主语,.,My job,to help the patient,.,Your task,to clean the classroom,.,is,is,(2).,表语,a.做某些动词的宾语,I want,to go home,.,The workers demanded,to get better pay,.,I found it necessary,to talk to him again,.,(3),宾语,feel/make/,think/consider/find it+adj.+to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,hope,refuse,learn,set out,choose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,b.用于复合结构中，后接宾语补足语，此时常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。,feel/make/,think/consider/find,+,it+adj.+to do,c.作介词的宾语，一般情况下需要加上疑问词,The police are trying to figure out how to take action.,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,(4).,宾补,二看,watch,see,look at,三使,let,make,have,一听,listen to,hear,四注意,:,feel,notice,五感觉,:,I made him do his work.,He was made,to,do his work(by me).,不定式用在介词,but,except,besides,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的,各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to.,(1).She could,do,nothing,but cry,.,(2).I,have,no choice,but to go,.,(3).What do you like to,do,besides sleep,.,I have something,to say,.,He has a lot of homework,to do,.,He is looking for a room,to live,in,.,There is nothing,to worry,about,.,(5).,定语,(,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词),不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：,(1),动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do,.,我有很多工作要做。,(2),主谓关系,He is always the first to come,.,他总是第一个来。,(3),同位关系,We all have a chance to go to college,.,我们都有上大学的机会。,2.,不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有,相应的介词,。,3.,不定式所修饰的名词如果是,time,place,或,way,，不定式后面的,介词习惯上要省去,。,He had no money and no place to live.,他没钱没地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔,.,Please give me a pen to write with.,4.something,anything,nothing,everything,等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Do you have anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式,to send,的动作执行者是,you,）,2.Do you have anything,to be sent,?,你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式,to be sent,的动作执行者是已被省略的,me,或,someone else,）,I came here,to see you.,He got up early,to catch the train.,(6),状语,结果状语,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,(7).,独立结构(评论性状语),to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to cut a long story short,to put it another way,to speak frankly,to sum up,to begin/start with,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.,不定式的其他用法,(1).,为了避免重复，有时不定式中的主要动词,可以省略，只剩下符号to,eg:Would you like to go with me?,Id like to.,eg.-Do you live here?,-No,but I used to.,注意,：如果不定式中动词是be,have（有）时,be,和have,不能省略,.,eg:Would you like to be a teacher?,Id like to be.,（2）不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,他不知道说什么。,(,宾语,),How to solve,the problem is very important,.,如何解决这个问题很重要。,(,主语,),My question is,when to start,.,我的问题是什么时候开始。,(,表语,),注意：,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,Why not have a rest?,Why worry about such little things.,常跟不带to 的不定式的固定句型,:,had better/had best+(not),do,sth.,最好（不）做某事,would rather(not),do,sth.,宁愿做.,Why(not),do,sth.?,prefer to do,.,rather than,do,.,would rather,do,.,than,do,.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,cannot but do sth.只好做某事,do nothing but do sth.只好做某事,have nothing to do but do sth.只做某事,My teacher was made _ his teaching,because of poor health.,giving up B.to give up,C.give up D.given up,2.The sentence wants _ once more.,explained B.to explain,C.being explained D.explaining,3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.,having been B.to have been,C.to be D.being,4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth,_ for him without delay.,to have woven B.to be woven,C.to be weaving D.to weave,5.I found the German language hard _.,learned B.learning,C.to be learned D.to learn,6.The light in the office is still on.,-Oh,I forgot _.,turning it off B.turn it off,C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,7.-How do you deal with the disagreement,between the company and the customers?,-The key _ the problem is to meet,the demand _ by the customers.,to solving,making B.to solving,made,C.to solve,making D.to solve,made,8.-What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,A.,school to study in,B.school for children to study,C.studying school,D.school to study,9.-Did you get a job?,-No,I _,but its no use.,expected B.tried to,C.managed to D.planned,10.We find it impossible for the work _,ahead of time.,to finish B.finishing,C.being finished D.to be finished,11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.,-Why not _ there by boat for a,change?,to try to go B.try going,C.to try going D.try to go,12._ a living,she had to work from,morning till night.,To make B.Made,C.Making D.To have made,13.I would rather starve to death than _,for food.,beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother,entered.,reading B.to read,C.to be reading D.being read,Exercise,1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.,not make B.not to make,C.not making D.dont make,3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D.expects,4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,to see B.to be seen,C.seeing D.see,5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.,it what to do with B.what to do with it,C.what to do it with D.to do what with it,6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.,A.who B.when C.how D.why,7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,A.having met B.meeting,C.to meet D.to have met,9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,A.to eat not B.eating not,C.not to eat D.not eating,11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.to have gone,C.going D.having gone,12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,A.to invent B.inventing,C.to have invented D.having invented,13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having sleep,15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,