ALandofDiversity－Grammar课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1 A land of diversity,Grammar,The Noun Clauses,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句,(Noun Clauses,）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句,(Subject Clause),、宾语从句,(Object Clause),、表语从句,(Predicative Clause),和同位语从句,(Appositive Clause,Who will win the match,is still unknown.,I want to know,what he has told you,.,The fact is,that we have lost the game,.,The news,that we won the game,is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Subject Clause,(,主语从句,),Object Clause,(,宾语从句,),Noun clause,Predicative Clause,(,表语从句,),主语从句,一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。,eg.,That the earth is round,is true.,Whether she will come or not,is still a question.,What you are doing,seems very difficult.,When they will start,has not been decided yet,.,引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。,That the earth is round,is true,That-,从句作主语通常用,it,作先行词，而将,that-,从句置于句末，例如：,It is true,that the earth is round,.Its a pity,that you should have to leave,.,你非走不可真是件憾事。,Attention,2.,表示“是否”意义时，一般用,whether,而不用,if,引导主语从句，,Whether she will come or not,is still a question.,但如果有形式主语,it,引导时，既可用,whether,，也可用,if,。,e.g.It is still a question if she will come or not.,3.,有时可用形式主语,it,代替主语从句：,e,.g.It is still a question,whether she will come or not,.,It has not been decided yet,when they will start.,用,it,作形式主语的,that-,从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,It+be+,形容词,+that-,从句,It is necessary that,有必要,It is important that,重要的是,It is obvious that,很明显,b.It+be+-ed,分词,+that-,从句,It is believed that,人们相信,It is known to all that,从所周知,It has been decided that,已决定,c.It+be+,名词,+that-,从句,It is common knowledge that,是常识,It is a surprise that,令人惊奇的是,It is a fact that,事实是,d.It+,不及物动词,+that-,分句,It appears that,似乎,It happens that,碰巧,It occurred to me that,我突然想起,1._ you dont like him is none of my business.,A.What B.Who,C.That D.Whether,2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.,A.What B.That,C.The fact D.The matter,练一练！,what,与,that,在引导名词性从句时的区别,:,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,表示,的,.,而,that,则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义,.,(1),What you said yesterday,is right.,(2),That the earth goes around the sun,is well-known to everybody.,3._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,A.Anyone B.The person,C.Whoever D.Who,4._the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.,A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That,5._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.,A.There B.This,C.That D.It,6.When and why he came here _ yet.,A.is not known,B.are not known,C.has not known D.have not bee,7.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.A.where B.what,C.that D.how,3.It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how,宾语从句,一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。,e.g.Do you know,where he is,?,Im glad(that),you have passed the exam.,I dont know,whether(if)you are willing to help me.,I m sorry for,what I have said.,我为我说的话表示歉意。,特别提示,1.,由连接词,that,引导宾语从句时，,that,在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的,that,不可省。,2.,下列宾语从句 必须用,whether,引导，不可用,if:,a.,从句后有,ornot,时，不可用,if:,I dont know whether he will come or not.,b.,介词宾语通常用,whether,引导,:,It depends,on whether he is coming or not,.,这要看他是否会来。,c.,后接动词不定式时。,Can you tell me,whether to,go or to stay?,你能否告诉我是去还是留？,3.,用,who,，,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever,等关联词引导的,宾语从句,相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用,陈述语序,。,Do you know,how old he is,?,I want to know,what he has told you,.,我想知道他告诉了你什么。,She always thinks of,how she can work,well.,她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。,She will give,whoever needs help,a warm support.,凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。,4.think,believe,imagine,suppose,等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：,We dont think you are here.,我们认为你不在这。,I dont believe he will do so.,我相信他不会这样做。,He asked _ for a violin,（,MET1992,）,A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much,C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid,2,It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997),A.however B.whatever,C.whichever D.whenever,3.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where,4.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown,B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow,D.his daughter had grown,5.Have you seen Mary lately?My boss wants to know _.A.how she is getting along,B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along,D.what is she getting along,6.,The true value of life is not in _,but _.A.which we get;what give we,B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give,D.how we get;that we give,7.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited,8,.Do you know _?,A.how many populations there are in the world?,B.how much population there is in the world,C.how many the population of the world is,D.what the population of the world is,9.I dont doubt _ hell come.,A.that,B.if,C.what,D.whether,10.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.,A.if B.where C.whether D.that,If depends on _ we will be ready in time.A.whether B.that C.if D.when,表语从句,一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句,.,表语从句放在连系动词后，如：,be,，,seem,remain,等，有时用,as if,引导。其基本结构为：主语,+,系动词,+that,从句。,e.g.The problem,is that,I am short of money.,China,is,no longer,what she used to be,.,The question is,how we can get there,.,It looks as if,it is going to rain,.,看上去天要下雨了。,特别提醒,1.,表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制,.,2.,表语从句是不用,if,引导的,要用,whether.,主语是,reason,时，表语从句常用,that,，不用,because.,The reason for his absence was that he was ill.,What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon,（上海,2001,年春季招生）,A.when B.how C.whether D.why,-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where,3._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why,C.What;because D.Why;that,4.Go and get your coat,Its _ you left it,A.where B.there,C.here where D.where there,5.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.,A.for,B.because,C.since,D.that,6.The city is no longer _.,A.what it is,B.that it used to be,C.which it was D.what it used,to be,7.The problem is_,_,he has enough time.,A.if B.whether C./D.that,