名词阳光学习网中小学在线一对一个化辅导平台最早省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词,专有名词(Proper Nouns),普通名词,(Common Nouns),个体名词(Individual Nouns),集体名词(Collective Nouns),物质名词(Material Nouns,),抽象名词(Abstract Nouns),不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词(Countable Nouns),第1页,Proper Nouns:,指人名、地名及一些人和事物专有名称,Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;New Years Day,注意：,专有名词第一个字母要大写,第2页,Common Nouns：,专有名词以外名词都是普通名词,1。,Individual Nouns:,指作为个体而存在人或东西。,能够指详细人或物。Eg:aunts;a panda;apartments,也可指抽象东西。Eg:a year;fairy tales;a dream,第3页,2.,Collective Nouns:,表示由个体组成集体。,Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public,集体名词有时作单数对待，有时作复数看。普通来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它组员时作复数看。,Eg:His family isnt large,.,Cf:His family are all music lovers.,在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都能够用，没什么差异。,Eg:The audience was(were)excited by the show.,第4页,有少数集体名词通惯用作单数。Eg:The gang is being hunted by the police.,Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.,个别集体名词则多作复数对待。,Eg:The police are looking for him.,第5页,3.,Material Nouns,:,指无法分为个体东西。,Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil,普通来说，物质名词是不可数，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：,1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一个”,Eg:Two strong black coffees,please.,(两份）,Three beers,please.,(三杯）,It was a special tea.,(一个）,2)个别物质名词复数形式能够表示尤其意义。,Eg:rains（雨季）snows(积雪）waters(海域),第6页,4.,Abstract Nouns,:,表示一些抽象概念。,Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;belief;silence;truth,etc.,多数情况下，这种名词惯用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。,Eg:Hes learning French for,fun.,I wish you good,luck,.,有时也能够加冠词。,He works hard for,the welfare,of the poor.,After,a,brief,peace,war broke out again.,第7页,有些名词能够兼作可数名词和不可数名词。,glass(玻璃),copper(铜),tin(锡),paper(纸),iron(铁 ),wood(木头),gold(金子 ),youth(青春 ),power(力量),beauty(美),pleasure(愉快),relation(关系）,a glass(玻璃杯),a copper(铜币板),a tin(罐头听头),a paper(报纸，证件，论文),an iron(熨斗 ),a wood(树林),a gold(金牌 ),a youth(年青人 ),a power(大国),a beauty(美人，美东西),a pleasure(使人感到愉快事),a relation(亲戚）,第8页,英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。,a poem(一首诗),a machine(一台机器),a job(一件工作),a laugh(一个笑声),a permit(许可证),a garment(一件衣裳),a bag(case)(一件行李),a loaf(一只面包),a hair(一根头发),poetry(诗歌总称),machinery(机器总称),work(工作),laughter(笑声),permission(允许),clothing(衣裳总称),luggage,baggage(行李),bread(面包),hair(头发),第9页,名词复数,情况,加法,例词,普通情况,以s,x,ch,sh,结尾词,以辅音y结尾词,以辅音+o 结尾词,以f或fe结尾词,加-s,加-es,去y加-ies,多数加-es,把f/fe改成ves,brothers;schools,buses;watches;dishes*1,ladies;countries;*2,heroes;tomatoes*3,halves;leaves;*4,第10页,Notes:,*1:stomach,stomachs (ch发/k/时),*2:,以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾名词，直接在词尾加-s.,Eg:boys;toys;Germanys;Henrys,*3:,以元音+o,eg:videos;studios,以oo结尾,eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos,一些外来词(尤其是音乐方面词),eg:pianos,一些缩写词,eg:kilos;photos;memos,一些专有名词,eg:Eskimos;Filipinos,直接在词尾加-s.,*4:,以f/fe结尾只加-s词：,proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs(农奴);beliefs;chiefs,第11页,不规则复数：,1.man,men,Eg:woman women;chairman-chairmen,2.oo,ee,Eg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese,3.+en,Eg:child-children;ox-oxen,4.ouse,ice,Eg:mouse-mice;louse-lice（虱子）,有些外来词不规则复数形式：,Eg:analys,i,s-analys,e,s;bas,i,s-bas,e,s;thes,i,s-thes,e,s;cris,i,s-cris,e,s,criteri,on,-criteri,a,;phenomen,on,-phenomen,a,;medi,um,-medi,a,第12页,单复数相同情况：,sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese,以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位名词。,Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu,复合名词复数形式：,1.词末+-s,eg:film-goer,s,;forget-me-not,s,2.主体名词变为复数形式：,looker,s,-on;editor,s,-in-chief;son,s,-in-law,3.两个组成部分皆变为复数：,women doctors;men cooks,*这种形式第一个名词必须是man或woman,第13页,1.6 不一样国家人单复数,名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人,中国人the Chinese,a Chinese,two Chinese瑞士人the Swiss,a Swiss,two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians,an Australian,two Australians 俄国人the Russians,a Russian,two Russians意大利人the Italians,an Italian,two Italians希腊人the Greek,a Greek,two Greeks法国人the French,a Frenchman,two Frenchmen日本人the Japanese,a Japanese,two Japanese美国人the Americans,an American,two Americans印度人the Indians,an Indian,two Indians加拿大人the Canadians,a Canadian,two Canadians德国人the Germans,a Germans,two Germans英国人the English,an Englishman,two Englishmen,瑞典人the Swedish,a Swede,two Swedes,第14页,名词全部格(The Possessive Case of Nouns),some patterns:,Ill take the risk,for friendships sake.,She was,at her wits end,.,Now they could sing,at their hearts content,.,We should get the children,out of harms way,.,We had best keep them,at arms length,.,For goodness sake,stop arguing.,Jane got,the moneys worth,out of the coat.,(为了情谊）,（黔驴技穷）,（尽情地）,（不受损害）,（保持距离,）,（看在上帝份上）,（很合算）,第15页,主谓一致,。语法形式上一致,（主单谓单；主复谓复）,。意义上一致,（主语形单意复，谓语用复数.Eg:people;police),（主语形复意单，谓语用单数.Eg:news;economics),3.就近标准：,eitheror;neithernor;not onlybut also,4.单复数视情况而定。,）集体名词作主语：强调整体，用单数；强调个体，用复数,）单复数同形名词作主语，按意义一致标准。Eg:means,species,）中心词是all,most,half,rest时，按意义一致标准。即主语单数意义，谓语用单数；主语复数意义，谓语用复数。,第16页,）主语是and连接两个名词时，指一样东西，谓语单数；指两,样东西，谓语复数。Eg:A knife and fork is on the table.,5)代词作主语，取决于它代替是单数还是复数。意义一致标准。Eg:ours,yours;such,the same;who,that,which;any,either,neither,(单独作主语，谓语单数）,none,all,some,more,）分数，量词，half of,part of作主语，于中心词保持一致。,）what 引导主语从句。通惯用单数；所指详细内容为复数时，谓语用复数。,）主谓倒装，谓语与其后主语一致。,第17页,。谓语用单数情况。,）名词全部格之后名词被省略。（指商店，工场，住宅等）作主语。Eg:The doctors,my uncles,the bakers,2)中心词是时间、距离、金额、度量、书名等复数名词。Eg:three years;The selected poems of Li Bai;,3)each,every,no 所修饰名词，即使以and 或逗号连接。,Eg:each boy and each girl;every man and woman,4)主语有more than one;many a,5)a kind of;a pair of;a series of,第18页,6)This kind of,7)The number of,8)A great deal of;a large amount of+un,9)One and a half+可数名词复数,eg:One and a half bananas is left on the table.,10)The departed(死者）意义上指个体,11)the only one of+可数名词复数定语从句。从句中谓语用单数。,第19页,。谓语用复数情况。,）police,;people;cattle;militia(民兵）作主语。,）有两个部分组成名词。（表示衣物或工具）eg:glasses;chopsticks,3)these kind of men（口语);men of this kind 作主语,）bothand.修饰主语,5)A number of;large quantities of;large amounts of修饰主语,）the+形容词作主语，普通情况下,）one of the+可数名词复数定语从句，从句中谓语动词用复数。,第20页,Assignment:,1.Try to learn these words by heart:(通惯用于复数形式词）,scissors剪刀;pants裤子;contents目录,compasses两脚规;cords灯心絨裤;arms武器,earphones耳机;pyjamas睡衣裤;ashes灰烬,scales天平;overalls工装裤;tropics热带,spectacles眼镜;braces背带;stairs楼梯,nail-clippers指甲刀；slacks便装裤;brains头脑,belongings全部物；savings积蓄；tidings消息,doings行为；writings作品；findings调查结果,第21页,