高中状语从句讲解ppt课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,状语从句,Adverbial Clause,1,英语句子,按交际功能分,按结构分类,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,简单句,并列句,复合句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,N,.,Adj.,Adv.,2,状语时用来修饰,词,词,词,或,的一种句子成分,.它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。其中,副词,介词,介词短语,分词,(,短语,),名词,不定式,句子,都可充当状语。,当充当状语的部分是一个,句子,时，也就是状语从句。,分类如下：,动,形容,副,句子,什么是状语？,3,状语从句,1.,时间,状语从句,2.,地点,状语从句,3.,原因,状语从句,4.,条件,状语从句,5.,让步,状语从句,6.,目的,状语从句,7.,结果,状语从句,8.,方式,状语从句,9.,比较,状语从句,4,一 状语从句高考的考查特点,1.,试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点,(,不同性质的连词,;,定语从句和名词性从句的干扰,),2.,题干句的,情景化增强,句意理解难度提高,Go back,where you lived,._,Go back to,the village,where you lived,._,where,前有定语从句的先行词,状语从句,定语从句,5,二 能力要求：,1.,了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语,从句中,经常使用的连词,2.,能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句,的,逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连,词完成交际,.,3.,能够辨别同类状语从句中,近似连词的 用法区别,.,6,常见考点：,考点一,、主句与从句的,时态呼应,问题；,考点二,、,连接词的选择,（注意区别几组连接词：,while/as/when,引导时间状语从句；,because/since/as/for,引导原因状语从句；,if/unless,引导条件状语从句；,sothat/suchthat,引导结果状语从句等）；,考点三,、状语,从句,与,非谓语,动词之间的,替换,；,考点四,、状语从句的,倒装结构,（,hardly/scarcelywhen,；,nosoonerthan,等）,7,时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词,1.,基本类：,before,、,after,、,when,、,while,、,as,、,since,、,till,、,until,、,once,as soon as,etc.,2.,名词类（由名词词组充当引导词the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,etc.(,一,就,);every time,each time,the last time,the first time,etc.,8,3.,副词类（由副词充当引导词）：,immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(,一,.,就,.),4.,句型类：,no soonerthan,hardly/scarcely when,etc.(,一,就,),e.g.I will give you an answer,immediately,I finish my work.,e.g.Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.,用于句首时应引起,部分倒装,且前部分一般用,过去完成时,9,as,引导的时间状语从句,可以表达“正当,”,，“一 边,一边,”,，“随着,”,等意思。,1.,表示某事一发生，另一事,立即,发生。,As,the sun,rose,the fog,disappeared,.,2.,表示在某事发生的,过程中,，另一事发生。,Just,as,he was speaking there was a loud explosion.,3.,表示两个动作,同时,发生。,(,一边,一边,),Helen sang a song,as,she washed.,4.,表示“,随着,.”.,常指一个行为是另一个行为的,结果,，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示,状态,的,发展变化,。,As she grew older,she became more beautiful.,1.,as,while,when,的区别,10,while,:,持续性动词 进行时,一般或现在情况,将来情况,V,一般现在时或现在进行时,过去情况,e.g.I like listening to music while,I am doing,my homework.,e.g.Im going to the post office.,-,While,you,are,there,can you get some,stamps for me?,e.g.I hurt my shoulder,while,I,was doing,gym.,while常表示一段,较长的时间,或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是,同时,发生的，它引导的从句用,延续性动词,，若从句中是非延续性动词，则不用,while.,侧重于主从两个动作或状态的对比,。,p207,11,While I,was walking down,the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_),While,I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_),While,there is life there is hope.,(while=_),He likes pop music,while,I am fond of folk music.,（,while=_,）,when,although,as long as,While,在句中的不同含义,:,however,12,while,用法的归纳,.,作,并列,连词,意为“,然而,却,”,表对比,(=however),He likes football,while,his brother likes basketball.,2.,引导时状从句,(=when),While,he,was doing,his homework,his mother,came in.,.,引让状从句,表“,虽然,尽管,”,置于句首,(=although),While,I admit his good points,I can see his,shortcomings.,.,引导条状从句,表“,只要,”,(=as long as),Ill do everything for you,while,you are happy.,13,when,:,持续性非持续性动词都可,当,时,就在那时，正在这时,=and at this/that time,e.g.,When,I first,saw,her,I fell in love with her.,-,When,did you,get,home?,-It was eight oclock,when,I,got,home.,They,were,walking,down the street,when,they,saw,an accident.(A=B),2)I,was about to,go,swimming,when,our guide,stopped,me.(AB),3,）,I,had,just,finished,my work,when,he,came,back.,(A,B),14,尽管虽然鉴于如果届时,1.He walks,when,he might take a taxi.,2.The Queen will visit the town in May,when,she will open the new hospital.,3.How can you hope for mercy yourself,when,you show none?,4.How could I live in Los Angeles,when,all my,favorite people live here?,虽然,届时,如果,鉴于,既然,when,还有一些较为灵活的翻译,15,1 When he _(come)back,please tell him to meet me at my office.,comes,2 I will tell him when she _back.3 I would tell him when she _back.,comes,came,注意时态,4-When _ you come to see me,Dad?,-I will go to see you when you _ the training coursing.,A.do;will have finished B.will;will finish,C.do;are finishing D.will;finish,时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,16,He fell asleep _ he was reading.,I kept silent _ he was writing.,She sang _ she went along.,It was raining hard _ we arrived.,I thought of it just _you opened your mouth.,Things are getting better and better _ time goes on.,Its cold _ it snows.,I will go home _ he comes back.,We were about to start _ it began to rain.,He likes coffee,_ she likes tea.,_ a boy,he lived in Japan.,_ reading,he fell asleep.,_ in trouble,ask her for help.,when/while/as,while,as,when/as,when/as,as,when,when,when,while,As/When,When/While,When/While,主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作,主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,同时进行,“,一边,一边”,主句,-,持续性动作,从句,-,短暂性动作,主从句,-,几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,正在发展变化的情况,“,随着”,“,每当,的时候”,(,暗示一种规律性,),有先后顺序,表示“这时,(,突然,)”,“,而”、“却”,(,表示对比,),as/when+,名词，构成省略句,while,无此用法,when/while+,现在分词,/,介词短语,/,形容词等构成省略句，但,as,一般不这样用,When,while,和,as,的区别,17,before,引导的时间状语从句,before,引导的时间状语从句，常译为“,在,之前,”，,表示,主句,的动作发生在,从句,的动作,之前,。,1.We,clean,the classroom,before,we,leave,school every day.,2.It will not be long,before,you regret for what youve done.,不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。,after,引导的时间状语从句,after,引导的时间状语从句，常译为“,在,之后,”，,表示,主句,的动作发生在,从句,的动作,之后,。,After you,use,plastic bags,you mustnt,throw,them about.,用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。,18,连接词,before,的小结：,1.We had sailed four days and four nights,before,we saw land.,2,We hadnt run a mile,before,he felt tired.,3,Please write it down,before,you forget it.,4,Before,I could get in a word,he walked away.,“,才,”,“,不到,.,就,”,“,趁,”,“,还没来得及”,从句中常含有情态动词,can/could,1,）句型,It will be/was,段时间,before“,还要过,/,过了,多久才,”,如：,It will be two years,before,he leaves the country.,It was two years,before,he left the country,2,）句型,It will not be/was not,一段时间,before“,不多久就,”,如：,It wasnt two years,before,he left the country.,19,since,引导的时间状语从句,since引导的,时间,状语从句，常译为“自从,”,，,主句,常用,现在完成,时，,从句,常用,一般过去,时。,例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。,We havent seen each other since we parted/broke up.,常用句型：,It has been(is)+,时间段,+since,从句,“自从,有多长时间了”,例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。,It has been(is)six years since she graduated from the university.,20,since,的用法：,since,表从,过去,某一时间或动作、事情,起,到,目前,为,止,，“,自,.,以 来”,引导状语从句时，主句用,现在完成,时或,现在完成进行,时，从句中用一般过去时。,Ive been living here,since,I came to Beijing.,I have written home four times,since,I came here.,常用句型：,it is(has been).+since+,一般过去时,It is/has been five years,since,I,began,to learn English.,21,since,句型中如果从句谓语是,延续性,的动作或状态，则它所表示的,时间从该动作或状态,结束时,算起！（否定含义）如：,It is 3 years since,I,began,to smoke,I,smoked,(gave up smoking,自从我戒烟以来,).,(,自从我开始抽烟以来,).,22,It is 5 years since,I have never seen him,since,he joined the army.,he was a soldier.,he fell ill.,he was ill.,生病以来,.,病愈以来,.,翻译：,It has been 5 years since he lived here,退伍以来,.,他离开这已经有五年时间了。,23,until/till,引导的时间状语从句,until/till,引导的,时间状语,从句，常译为“直到,时”，,表示主句动作发生在从句,之前,。,当主句谓语动词是,延续性动词,时，主句常用,肯定,形式。,例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。,Ill,stay,here,until,you come back.,当主句谓语动词是,非延续性动词,时,主句常用,否定,形式。,not until“,直到,才,”,，这时,until,可用,before,替换。,He did,nt,go to bed,until,he finished his homework.,例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。,24,not.until,的倒装句和强调句。,Hedidnt,stop,until,he had finished all his work,.,倒装句,:,Not until,he had finished all his work did he stop.,强调句,:,It was not until,he had finished all his work,that,he stopped,.,强调句句式为：,It was/is not until that,25,as soon as,引导的时间状语从句,as soon as,引导的时间状语从句，译为“一,就,”,，,表示从句动作,一发生,，主句的动作,马上就发生,。,例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。,I,will,tell him about it,as soon as,he,comes,back.,相当于,as soon as,用法的词或短语还有：,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,等,.,Ill give him your message,the minute,he arrives.,Directly,I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.,26,名词短语,引导的时间状语从句,the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,the hour,the,day,by the time,each time,every time,next time,any time,等,也可以引导时间状语从句。,I thought her nice and honest,the first time,I saw her.,By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.,By the time he comes,we will already have left.,27,By the time,的用法,这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句,常用完成时态,。,By the time he was 12,_ to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.,到,12,岁时，他已去过,30,多个国家治疗疾病。,By the time I graduate next year,I _ here for 5 years.,到明年毕业时，我将在这里待了,5,年了。,By the time he,went,abroad,_.=when,出国那年，他,14,岁。,he had traveled,I will have lived,he was fourteen.,28,1.,When every time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.,2.,At next time you come,do remember bring your son here.,3.,For the first time I met the girl.I felt in love with her.,4.,You are welcome to come back at any time you want to.,5.,At the last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.,语法规则：,every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time,等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。,考点,:,名词短语引导时间状语从句,29,其他连词,引导的时间状语从句,no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywhen,引导,时间状语从句,从句,用一般,过去,时，,主句,用,过去完成,时。,当,no,sooner,hardly,/,scarcely,/,barely,位于句首时，主句要,用,部分倒装,。（情态动词,/be,动词,/,助动词提至主语前）,I,had,no sooner,begun,to talk,than,he,rang,off.,No sooner,had,I begun to talk than he rang off.,我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。,30,1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.,A.while B.after,C.in case D.the minute,2.How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers,A.when B.until C.before D.since,3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.,A.With B.since C.As D.While,4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.,A.why B.where C.when D.while,31,地点状语从句用连接副词,where,或,wherever(,在任何地方,),引导（可理解为特指与泛指）,e.g.,a.,Just stay,where,you are.,b.,Where,there is a will,there is a way.,c.,You can sit,wherever,you like.,d.,Wherever,you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.,When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.,A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which,2.,地点状语从句,32,There are plenty of trees_.,我住的地方树很多。,_I will be thinking of you.,不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,_,I will be right here waiting for you!,不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在这等着你！,where,I live,Wherever,I am,Wherever,you go,whatever,you do,33,Bamboo grows well,where,it is warm and wet.,You may go,wherever,you like.,有时，,-where,构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：,Everywhere,they went,they were,kindly received,/,warmly welcomed,.,Well go,anywhere,the Party directs us.,34,引导词：,where,，,wherever,Ill go wherever he goes.,Ill go where he went.,-Can you tell me _ you are from?,-It is not important _ I came from.,A.when;whenever B.where;wherever C.the place;where D.wherever;where,我要去他去的地方,.,他去哪我就去哪,.,35,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别,1.-Where do you plan to work?,-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.,A.to the place B.to which,C.that D.where,2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.,A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever,辨析,:,Go back,where,you came from.,Go back to the village,where,you came,from.,36,原因状语从句,表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：,because,as,since,now that,for,和,considering that,seeing that,这七个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。,e.g.He didnt come to school,because,he was ill.,c.f.He might be ill,for,he didnt come to school.,表示“直接”原因。,表示“间接的推断”原因,.,不可出现在句首。,3.,原因状语从句,37,原因状语从句,1),because,表示某件事情发生的,直接原因,或理由。它的语气很,强,，因而常用来回答,why,的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：,He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.,2),since,常表示对方,已经知道的既成事实,，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比,because,要弱，一般译成“,既然,”。如：,Since you are here,why not stay for a few more days?,3),as,常用于表示,十分明显的原因,，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱常译成“,由于,”。如：,As its getting darker,we must go home now.,4),for,只是一个,并列连词,，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行,附加说明,。如：,It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet,Now that,seeing that,when.,38,because,since,as,for,的区别,:,because,直接原因，非推断语气最强,回答,why,的问题。,since,通常放句首译为“,既然,”,as,不谈自明的原因,，语气最弱。,for,放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断,的理由,。,39,1.I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.,2.Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do,a lot of walking.,3._ he was not well,I decided to go without him.,4._ everybody know about it,I dont want to,talk any more.,5.He must be ill,_ he is absent Today.,6.Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.,because,as,As,Since,for,since,40,1.,在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用,because,引导，不可用,as,或,since.,2.because,可以引导表语从句,而,as,since,不可以，这时主语一般都是,it,this,that,It was _,he was ill that he didnt go with us.,Its_ he is too lazy,.,3.since,表示“既然”，只能放主句前,., we have no money,we cant buy that vase.,because,用,because,as,since,填空,because,Since,41,条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：,if,unless (,除非,),as/so long as(,只要,),on condition(,只要,),once(,一旦,),in case(,假使,),providing/provided(that),等,。,e.g.a.Well come over to see you on Saturday,if,we,have time.,b.We should serve the people,as/so long as,we live.,4.,条件状语从句,42,1.We will be able to get there on time,_ our car doesnt break down on the road.,as soon as B.as far as,C.as long as D.as well as,2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.,whether B.until,C.if D.unless,3._ you have tried it,you cant imagine how pleasant it is.,A.Unless B.Because,C.Although D.When,43,_ you touch an English person,you should say“sorry”.,_ they are dirty,certain seas are not able to clean themselves.,_ we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.,You can be allowed to play the game _,you finish your homework first.,Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to.,If,Once,As long as,on condition that,unless,44,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语,从句。常用引导词：though,although,even if,even though,no matter+疑问词(what/who/where/when/which/how),疑问词-ever,(whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever),特殊引导词：,as(,用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装,),，,while(,一般用在句首,),，,whether or,whether()or not,5.,让步状语从句,45,though,although,判断以下句子是否正确：,Although he is rich,but he is not happy.,Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.,Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.,要点归纳：,though,although,当“虽然”讲,都不能和,but,连用,.,但是他们都可以同,yet(still),连用,.,ever if,even though,even if,和,even though,表示,“”,即使,Well make a trip,even though,the weather is bad.,46,as,引导让步状语从句,as,引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的,、,以及谓语中的,提前至从句句首，作表语的单数,可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需,。,表语,状语,实意动词,省略,Though he works hard,he makes little progress.,Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.,Though he was,a,child,he knew what was the right thing to do.,Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.,Though you may object,Ill go.,Object as you may,Ill go.,47,whether or,whether()or not,whether or,whether or not,表示“,不论是否,”,，,“,不管是,还是,”,。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两,方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。,Whether,you believe it,or not,it is true.,Youll have to attend the party,whether,you are free,or,busy.,while,也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，语气比,though/although,弱。其引导的从句一般位于,。,句首,例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。,While I like its color,I dont like its shape.,48,no matter+,疑问词 疑问词,-ever,No matter what happened,he would not mind.,Whatever happened,he would not mind.,替换：,no matter what=whatever,no matter who=whoever,no matter when=whenever,no matter where=wherever,no matter which=whichever,no matter how=however,判断正误：,No matter what you say is of no use now.,Whatever you say is of no use now.,归纳：,no matter+,疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句，,而“疑问词,+ever”,则可以,49,_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.,A.While B.since C.Before D.Unless,2.The workers are determined to go through with their railway project,_ the expenses hav