雅思语法PPT课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语语法学习,Grammar For IELTS,1,没有语法基础,（,1,）阅读中读不懂长难句,（,2,）听力中听不懂长难句,（,3,）口语中讲不出有高水平语法结构的话,(4),写作中只懂写简单句，不懂复合句或长难句,2,雅思阅读,雅思阅读,并列句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,IELTS 6 TOTAL,102,111,104,165,IELTS 7,TOTAL,99,112,94,101,3,雅思写作,雅思写作,并列句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句（主宾表同）,2009,15,8,7,36,2008,17,9,10,39,4,Grammar&vocabulary,Grammar,无规矩不成方圆,Vocabulary,巧妇难为无米之炊,Reading,Writing,Listening,Speaking,5,语法的主流趋势,请发,email,给我,喂狗喝水,我流口水了,点燃希望,你不要骗我,Email,me please,Water,the dog,My mouth is,watering,light up,the darkness,Don,t,Clinton,me.,动词化,语法无绝对，词性无绝对,语法学习要建立语境意识,6,我要喝点东西,。,I want a drink.,a water,a beer,a coffee,创新是必须的,。,Innovation is a must.,语法在,“,进化,”,语法的主流趋势,7,1.,句子成分：主谓宾,+,定状补,2.,简单句：五大基本句型,3.,并列句,4.,复合句：,宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句,5.,动词四类和五大基本时态,8,第一讲 主要句子成分,主谓宾,S+V+O,我爱你。,I love you.,I,love,you,.,Subject(,主语,),+Verb(,谓语）,+Object,（宾语）,9,主语,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。,但在,there be,结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。,10,Exercise:,找出下列句子的主语,During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.,We often speak English in class.,One-third of the students in this class are girls.,Smoking does harm to the health.,The rich should help the poor.,There are many children in the garden.,Who cares?,To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,It is necessary to master a foreign language.,11,To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,to do,做主语,打招呼很容易,To say hello is easy.,to do,做主语，常用,it,做,形式主语,。,It is easy to say hello.,It is necessary to master a foreign language.,12,When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,13,When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,句子做主语,=,主语从句,That he is still alive,is a wonder.,Whether they would support us,was a problem.,How this happened,is not clear to anyone.,What we need,is money.,形式主语代主语从句,It is,14,写作口语万能句型,It is easy to do A,but you,ll find it difficult to do B.,恋爱容易，婚姻不易，且行且珍惜。,生存容易，生活不易，且行且珍惜。,学习容易，学懂不易，且行且珍惜。,Being in love is easy,being married is not.It is to be cherished,.-BBC,15,谓语,-,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。,动词,在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,找出下面句子的谓语,He,drinks milk every morning.,You jump,I jump.,You may keep the book for two weeks.,He has caught a bad cold.,We are students.,16,谓语可以是,行为动词,情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形,系动词 如,am,is,are,及物动词，直接跟宾语，如,eat,drink,know,play,watch,不及物动词，可以不直接跟宾语，如,jump,sit,stand,think,sleep,wait,die,fight,run,live,17,谓语动词单一性原则：在一个句子中，有且只有一个,谓语动词,I am a student study economics.(,),I am a student studying economics(),非谓语动词：现在分词,V-ing,过去分词,V-ed(P.P.),不定式,to do,18,宾语,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,19,Exercise:,找出下列句子的宾语,They went to see an exhibition yesterday.,The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.,How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.,They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,He pretended not to see me.,I enjoy listening to popular music.,I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office.,名词,代词,数词,名词化形容词,不定式短语,动名词短语,宾语从句,20,句子做宾语,=,宾语从句,The boy believes,me,.,The boy believes,that he will travel through space to other planets,.,I wonder,whether(if),they will come to our party.,None of us knows,where,these new parts can be bought.,21,将下列简单句改成宾语从句,1.,He has gone to,Hunan.,I,forgot,that_,.,2.,She,said,“,They,are,waiting,for,a,bus.,She said that_.,3.,Whose,bag,is,it?,Do,you,know,_,.,4.,What,will,you,do?,He,asked,_,.,5.,Who,teaches,you,maths?,He,asked,me,_,.,6.,I,have,seen,him.,I,remembed that,_,.,完成句子,1.,I,wanted,to,know_(,她在和谁交谈,),2He,said_(,他以前见过我,),3,Im,sorry,for_(,我所做的事,),he,had,gone,to,Hunan.,they,were,waiting,for,a,bus.,whose,bag,it,is?,what,you,would,do.,who,taught,me,maths.,I,had,seen,him.,whom,she,was,talking,with,he,had,seen,me,before,what,I,have,done,22,4,The,teacher,asked_(,谁能回答这个问题,),5,Jane,said,that_(,她将乘飞机去那里,),6,I,wanted,to,know_(,她是否有一些钱,),7,We,havent,decided_(,我们下一步该做什么,),8,I,think,that,English,is_(,没有数学难,),9,I,m,not,sure_(,明天天气是否晴朗,),10,He,asked,me_(,是如何处理这件事的,),11,Do,you,know_(,是否要下雨,)12,I,wanted,to,know_(,她是否来还是不来,),who,could,answer,the,question,she,would,go,there,by,plane,if/whether,she,had,any,money,what,we,should,do,next,not,so,difficult,as,maths,whether,she,would,come,or,not,if,it,is,going,to,rain,what,I,did,with,the,matter,if/whether,it,will,be,sunny,tomorrow,23,（,1,）,Lendme,your dictionary,please.,S+Vt+,O1,+,O2,双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,（,2,）,They elected,him,their monitor,.,S+Vt+,O,+,C,复合宾语（宾语,+,宾补）,24,找出下面句子的宾语补足语,His father named him Dongming.,They painted their boat white.,Let the fresh air in.,You mustn,t force him to lend his money to you.,We saw her entering the roomWe found everything in the lab in good order.,We will soon make our city what your city is now.,名词,形容词,副词,不定式短语,现在分词,介词短语,从句,25,次要句子成分,-,定语,定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：,Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词）,China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.,（分词）,There are thirty,women,teachers is our school.,（名词）,His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代词）,Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,（不定式短语）,The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.,（动名词）,He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,（介词短语）,The last thing,that students want to do,is perhaps to take tests.,（定语从句）,26,人,物,主语,Who/that,Which/that,宾语,Whom/who/that,Which/that,定语,whose,Whose/of which,定语从句,-,关系代词,27,难点,1,He is the man that I can depend on.,He is the man on that I can depend.,He is the man on whom I can depend.,介词,+,关系代词构成介宾短语时，,只能用介词,+which/whom,不能用介词,+that/who,which,The world that we live in is made up of worries.,The world in _ we live is made up of worries.,28,难点,2,常用,that,先行词被,any,only,all,every,no,some,much,little,序数词，最高级，,the only,修饰时用,that,The only thing _I can do is waiting.,我想指出的第一个原因是离婚率的不断提高,The first reason,that I would like to point out,is the ever increasing divorce rate.,that,29,难点,3,省略,that,关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略，作主语时不可以,What happened to the Oreos(that)I left in the counter?,A farmer puts an advertisement in the newspaper:,“,I need a wife,who,owns a tractor.Please send picture of tractor.,”,30,定语从句,-,关系副词,When,where,how,why,在从句中作状语,Beijing is the place,where,(in which)I was born.,This is the day,when,I first met her.,This is the reason,why,he refused my help.,Could you tell me the way,how,I get to the way-out?,31,写作高分句,Children tend to imitate the way,their parents think,speak,act and feel,.,1.An orphan is a child _parents are dead.,2.The place _we spent our honeymoon was fantastic.,3.I don,t know the man to _I spoke on the phone.,4.I met a girl _ knows you.,whose,where,whom,who,32,非限制性定语从句,限定性定语从句,V.S,非限制性定语从句,无逗号，更像定语 有逗号，更像补语,从句与先行词之间关系松散，从句删去，先行词不受影响,Sam has two dogs,who are both hush puppies.,Christina likes cooking,which I am glad to hear.,33,口语高频句型,，,which means,which says,which is great,写作高分句型,Prisons are set up to combat crime,which is beyond any doubt.,34,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：,Light travels most,quickly,.,（副词及副词性词组）,He has lived in the city,for ten years,.,（介词短语）,He is proud,to have passed the national college entrance examination,.,（不定式短语）,He is in the room,making a model plane,.,（分词短语）,Wait,a minute,.,（名词）,Once you begin,you must continue.,（状语从句）,次要句子成分,-,状语,35,状语种类如下：,How about meeting again,at six,?,（时间状语）,Last night she didn,t go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,原因状语）,I shall go there,if it doesn,t rain,.,（条件状语）,Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（方式状语）,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,（伴随状语）,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,（目的状语）,He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,（结果状语）,She works very hard,though she is old,.,（让步状语）,I am taller,than he is,.,（比较状语）,36,总结,1.S+Vt+O,2.S+Vi,3.S+Vi+prep+O,4.S+,系,+,表,定语,状语,37,1.People who work for charitable organizations usually do so because they want to help people in need.,在公益组织工作的人是为了帮助别人。,2.,Animal testing is a barbaric practice that deprives animals of the right of subsistence.,动物实验是野蛮的做法，它剥夺了动物的生命权。,3.,Genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results,specifically in the field of medicine.,基因工程是一种安全和威力强大的工具，将产生史无前例的成效，特别是在医学领域。,Exercises,翻译以下句子,38,4.One reason why I support the building of a modern gym is that physical education class is very important to the well-being of students.,我支持兴建一座现代化体育馆的理由是，体育课对学生的健康是非常重要的。,5.This,as a result,has made direct face-to-face human contact less and less necessary,which has led to human relationships becoming more confusing.,结果，这也导致人们面对面接触的机会越来越少，从而使人们的关系越来越淡漠。,6.,We should take pride in our cultural legacy handed from our ancestors,which reflects our brilliant history and rich culture.,我们应该为祖先流传下来的文化遗产感到自豪，它们反映了我们璀璨的历史和丰富的文化。,39,7.,那些反对强制退休制度的人持有以下理由。（,mandatory retirement,）,Those people who are against mandatory retirement have the following reasons.,8.,传统学校提供一些文化和体育活动，这些是在家接受教育的小孩所没有的。,Traditional schools offer cultural and sports activities that the home-schooled child will miss out on.,9.,博物馆是游客体验当地文化和了解当地历史的好地方。,A museum is a good place where tourists can appreciate the local culture and better understand the local history.,10.,许多政府禁止克隆人是因为克隆人不合伦理道德。,(morally wrong),The reason why many governments ban human cloning is that it is morally wrong.,11.,这就是许多人强烈反对城市禁养宠物的原因。,This is the reason why many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.,40,第二讲 简单句五大句子结构,S,十,V,主谓结构,S,十,V,十,O,主谓宾结构,S十,V,十,O1,十,O2,主谓双宾结构,S,十,V,十,O,十,C,主谓宾补结构,S,十,V,十,P,主系表结构,说明：,S,主语；,V,谓语；,P,表语；,O,宾语；,O1,间接宾语；,O2,直接宾语；,C,宾语补足语,41,主系表结构,I,am,a boy.,Predicative(,表语,),：用来说明,主语,的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，可以由,名词、形容词，分词或介词短语,等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样,Linking verb(,系动词,):,有时态，接表语,状态系动词,be,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay,prove,turn out),动态系动词get,fall,grow,turn,go,become,),感官系动词（,sound,look,taste,smell,feel),42,be,动词,be,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,am,was,have been (ve been),will be (ll be),is,has been (s been),are,were,have been (ve been),43,状态变化系动词,状态变化系动词,用法,习惯搭配,go,turn,表,“,颜色,职业,年龄,时间,”,等,1.,接,单数名词,时,单数名词前不接冠词,grow,表,成长,发展,中的变化,strong,tall,thick,healthy etc.,fall,表由,动态到静态,的转变,ill,sick,silent,asleep,etc.,come,表事物的发展转向好的状态,true,alive,etc.,run,表发展的状态不是人们所希望的,dry,short,wild,etc.,get become,常用来指人或物的状态的变化,become,接名词时,名词前接冠词,get hurt,get paid,多指,朝坏,的方面变化,wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blind,etc.,44,appear,seem,He seems/appears(to be)very nervous.alive,alone,asleep,awake,等形容词前加,to be,I didn,t go in because she appeared to be asleep.(,不用,appeared asleep),当某个名词说明主语是谁或是什么时，这个名词前要用,to be.,He went through what appeared to be a locked door.,-ing,形式前面用,to be,It seems to be growing rapidly.,当我们就作为主语的人或者事发表意见时，常省略,to be,She seems(to be)a very efficient salesperson.,45,become,get,非正式讲话、祈使句、以及,get broken,get,dressed,get killed,get lost,get married,get washed,等中，用,get,Don,t get upset about it!,谈论某种抽象或者技术性变化过程时，多用,become,He became recognised as the leading authority on the subject.,Their bodies have become adapted to living at high altitudes.,系动词后面的名词描述某种工作上的变化，用,become,Dr Smallman became an adviser to the US government.,46,go,turn,表示颜色变化时用,go,或者,turn,The traffic lights turned/went green and I pulled away.,go,常用来表示令人不快的变化,go bad,go off,go mouldy(,食物发霉），,go dead,go missing,go wrong,go mad,go crazy,某人到了某个年龄用,turn,某种物质或东西变成另外一种事，用,turn into,He turned sixty last year.,In my dream all the sheep turned into wolves.,come,grow,表示逐渐的变化,后接带,to,的不定式,I eventually came/grew to appreciate his work.,47,1.When we_up,were going to help,build up our country.,2.Her face _red.,3.The meat_bad.,5.The machine _out of order.,6.My father was so tired that he _ asleep quickly.,7.He has _an excellent actor.,=He has _ excellent actor.,8.My son _6 years old in July.,9.He _ paid for teaching others.,10.I saw that the garden had _wild,grow,turned,went,got,fell,come,get,fall,grow,turn,go,become,run,become,turned,turned,gets,run,48,表语的构成,I,am,a boy.,adj.,我很幸运！,n我是个幸运儿！,/,今天是个礼物。,pron.,我是你！,/,这狗是,Sam,的。,/You are somebody.,prep./prep.+Object,算我一个！,/,电视开着呢！,我在北京。,/,这个礼物是给你的。,/,这个我请了。,5.,非谓语,v.done/doing/to do,Her wish was,to become,an artist.,My job is,teaching.,This dog is,frightening/frightened.,49,6.,从句,写作口语万能句型,The truth is that,The point is that,The problem is that,The thing is that,The truth is,I am the Iron Man,.,The thing is,there is a reason why I,ve been alone all the time,.,50,第三讲 并列句 与复合句,The girl saw Kingkong.,The girl fell in love with Kingkong.,The girl saw Kingkong,and,fell in love with him.,由,并列连词,把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。,51,并列句的分类,表并列,。常用连词有,and,not only,but also,neither,nor,then,等。,The teacher,s name is Smith,and the student,s name is John.,He could neither read nor write.,He not only studies hard,but also likes sports.,表选择,。常用连词有,or,either,or,otherwise,等。,Hurry up,or you,ll miss the train.,Either you didn,t understand this,or you were not careful,52,表转折,。常用连词有,but,still,however,yet,while,when,等。,He was a little man with thick glasses,but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,Tom was not there but his brother was(there).,There was no news,nevertheless,she went on hoping.,表因果,，常用连词有,so,for,therefore,等。,August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.,He hurried,for it was getting dark.,He liked the book very much,so I gave it to him,53,复合句,由两个或者两个以上有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子。其中一个句子是主体，叫主句，其他句子叫从句。,包含：,名词性从句,(,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,),、,定语从句,和,状语从句,等。从句就是一个从句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。,54,第,四,讲 动词四类与五大基本时态,1.,实义动词,99%,：及物动词,Vt.+,不及物动词,Vi.,2.,系动词,:,3.,情态动词,我们可能会输的！,We must lose!,我们输得起！,We may lose!,我们必须输！,We can lose!,4.,助动词,Auxiliary Verb,can,could,shall,should,will,would,may,might,must (have to),表达微妙情感，用法随时态变化,一,be:is am are,四,变,:get become turn go,五,感官,:feel taste smell sound look,55,must,VS,have to,1)must,没有时态和人称变化,强调主观要求，仅用于现在时和将来时,2,）,have to(have got to),强调客观的要求或外在的原因，可以有任意时态,比较：,You mustn,t wait here.(it is not allowed to wait here.),You don,t have to wait for ages.(it is not necessary to wait),56,needn,t have done sth.,didn,t need to do sth.,didn,t have to do sth.,表示过去无需做某事，而事实上也没有做这件事时，用,didn,t need to do sth,didn,t have to do sth.,Chris and June phoned to say that they couldn,t come to eat,so I didn,t need to/have to cook dinner.,表示过去无需做某事，而事实上却做了，用,needn,t have done sth.,I needn,t have cooked dinner.Just as it was ready,Chris and June phoned to say that they couldnt come to eat.,57,4.,助动词,Auxiliary Verb,自身没有词义，不可单独使用,用来构成,时态,和语态,He,does,not like English.,助动词的功能,表示时态,I have been to America.,构成疑问句,Do you like college life?,与否定副词,not,合用，构成否定句,I do not like sports.,加强语气,Do come to the party.,58,五大基本时态,1.,一般现在,2.一般过去,3.,现在完成,4.,一般将来,5.,现在进行,59,一般现在时,经常或习惯性动作,I use Internet every day.,常用频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,never,表示状态,I am a student.,Does your father have many friends?,Yes,he does./No,he doesn,t.,事实或者真理,The sun rises in the east.,60,雅思小作文黄金句型,The graph,_,information concerning sales and profits of two manufacturing companies.,gives,61,一般过去时,表示过去特定时间的动作，与表示过去的时间状语连用,I slept for eight hours last night.,前天,7.,这周,今早,8.,上周,今晚,9.,去年,今夜,10.,前年,昨夜,11.,五个小时以前,前天夜里,12.,一个月前,the day before,yesterday,this morning,this evening,tonight,last night,the night before,that,this week,last week,last year,th