9种常见英语构词法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语构词法,1,.,affixation 词缀法,2,.,Compounding 合成法,3,.,conversion 词性转换法,4,.,Acronym,首字母缩略词,5.clipping 剪切法 缩短法,6.blending 混合法,7.Onomatopoeia 拟声法,8.borrowing words from other languages,（外来语）,9.adding new meaning into existing words,（已有词汇增加新词意）,1 affixation 词缀法,是通过在词根上加,前缀,或者,后缀,构成一个新词。,前缀一般只引起,意思上的变化,而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-,+understand v.理解-misunderstand v.误解,en-,+large adj.大的-enlarge v.扩大,(Page 247:Appendix III),后,缀一般只引起,词性上的变化,而不造成意思的变化,。,humor,n,.,幽默,-,humorous,adj.,幽默的,real,adj,.,真实的,-,realize,v,.,实现,trend n.潮流，时尚-trendy adj.时尚的,特殊情况：,help n.帮助 -helpless,adj.无助的,duty n.关税 -duty,free,adj.免税的,1 affixation 词缀法,2 Compounding 合成法,由,两个或两个以上,的单词组成新的单词,n.+n.,six-year-old,greenhouse,baby-sitter,snowfall,Theme park,mail order,mother-tongue,doorbell,sister-in-law,death penalty,sunglasses,mineral water,sunflower,credit card,bestman,housework,bridesmaid,shoe shop,n.+adj=n./adj,color-blind duty-free,world-famous toothache,n.+v-ing=n./adj,proof-reading,watch-making,hand-writting record-breaking,earth shaking peace-loving,n+v-ed=adj,hand-made heart-broken,adj.+n.=n.,shorthand white-face,（？）,first-class,high-speed long-distance quick-charge,adj.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.,new-born good-looking deep-breathing,far-reaching cold-blooded left-handed,adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.,hard-woking fast-developing,well-known newly-built,v-ing.+n.=n,sitting room dining car running water,working people flying fish,v.+n.=n.,pickpocket(,？,)breakwater,（放浪堤）,workplace,v.+adv.=n.,get-together take-away(,熟食,),die-hard(,死硬派,)breakthrough workout,3 conversion 词性转化法,是指有,一种词性转化为另一种词性,。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.,water,n.,水-water,v.,浇水,hand,n.,手-hand in上交,v.,telephone,n.,电话-telephone,v.,打电话,look,v.,看-take a look,n.,empty,adj.,空的-To empty the basket,v.,stop,v.,停止-,n.,车站,interest.waste.present.close.back.spare,age.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.,last.lift.line.labour.hit.object.open.mean.stamp,match.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense,4 Acronym(首字母缩略词),CAD;VIP;WHO;BBC;OPEC;AIDS;CIA;CEO;NPC;FBI,computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计,very important person,重要的人；贵宾,world health organization 世界卫生组织,British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司,Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,爱滋病；获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局,Chief Executive Officer（公司等的）总经理，总裁,National Peoples Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会,Federal Bureau of Investigation （美国）联邦调查局5 Clipping 剪切法,从某个词的完整形式中,截取一个或更多音节,Lab-,lab,oratory,图书馆,auto-,auto,mobile,汽车,Gas-,gas,oline,汽油,Copter-heli,copter,直升飞机,Scope-teles,cope,望远镜,Flu-in,flu,enza,流感,fridge-re,frige,rator,冰箱,ad-,ad,vertisement 广告,phone-tele,phone,电话,6 Blending 混合法,Comsat=,com,munication+,sat,ellite,通讯卫星,Smog=,smo,ke+fo,g烟雾,motel,=,mo,tor+ho,tel,brunch,=,br,eakfast+l,unch,7.Onomatopoeia 拟声法,Onomatopoeia,nmtpi:拟声法,拟声词（echo words）：发音与其所指之间存在很多,自然的相似关系。,cuckoo,；,mew,；,ding-dong,；click;,quack；,hiss,杜鹃；猫；门铃；,键盘、门锁,；鸭子；蛇,Echo-words(拟声词)are universal features in any language.,8,B,orrowing words from other languages,外来语,来自汉语：,jiaozi 饺子,Stinky tofu 臭豆腐,Pinyin,拼音,paper tiger,纸老虎,kungfu 功夫,Confucius 孔子,来自日语：,bengto 便当,judo 柔道,karaoke 卡拉OK,kimono 和服,sushi 寿司,tsunami 海啸,tatami 榻榻米,来自印第安语：,canoe 独木舟,Eskimo 爱斯基摩人,hurricane 飓风,来自法语：,salon 沙龙 sl:n,resume 简历rzu:m,naive 天真的nai:v,souvenir 纪念品su:vnr,fiance 未婚夫fi:nse,9,A,dding new meaning into existing words,已有词汇赋予新词义,Break,(霹雳舞),mouse,(鼠标),dove,(主和派人物),hawk,(主战派人物),country,(乡村音乐的),beehive,(女子蜂窝式发式),bread,(美俚,钱),apple-pie,(典型的美国价值观),conference call,(电话会议),