未来欧洲制造业.pdf

Future European Manufacturing Systemeitmanufacturing.euForewordIt has been only one year since we published our vision for 2030,called Fixing Our Future.An optimistic forward look to the post-COVID-19 period,the reshaping of value chains and the re-globalisation,instead of de-globalisation,caused by the rise of nationalist politics and prevention measures that governments put in place in response to the pan-demic.But with the war in Ukraine and its implications on the economic sector-mainly on energy supply for Europe-the situation has become even more complex.The manu-facturing industry,as a global base for prosperity,a key to Europes economic,social and environmental sustainability and the main driver of industrial innovation,job creation and growth,is heavily impacted by all these developments.Despite all these short-term impacts and challenges,we must be careful not to neglect the main long-term challenge,that is the future of our planet as also reflected in the Green Deal of the European Commission.Sustainability cannot be an“innovative”add-on,it must be a mandatory priority.Therefore,we have to re-think manufacturing,we have re-think WHAT we manufacture and HOW we manufactureThe key elements of deploy-ing process innovation,including people,processes and technologies,are also central to a successful transformation of industry towards the circular economy,decarbonisation and reduction of energy consumption.Like in most industries,the transformation of manufacturing is affected by the skills,well-being and innovative capacity of the work-force.People,with their experiences and knowledge,are the most valuable assets of the European industry,which is why leveraging a human-centered approach to Industry 5.0,as proposed by the European Commission,is critical.”As one powerful ecosystem,EIT Manufacturing connects diverse networks and expertise that are essential for the trans-formation of the industry on its open innovation platform AGORA to build the pan-Euro-pean manufacturing community.Through its focus on education,EIT Manufacturingseeks to empower the European economy with people that are capable and inspired to shape the future of manufacturing.EIT Manufacturing Innovation team supports the Eu-ropean manufacturing-companies and tech organizations and helps them to industrialize innovative projects,while the Business Creation team empowers high-growth,profitable companies with a positive social impact.Based on this unique ecosystem,EIT Manufacturing,in cooperation with its partners and network of contributors,has taken the initiative to postulate the European Manu-facturing System as a strategic objective for the European manufacturing industry,with universal implications.The European Manufacturing System aims to make the Fixing our Future vision tangible to overcome traditional barriers,especially between enterprises,through an ecosystem approach.The transition features sustainability as a decisive factor and provides a roadmap to the vision of autonomous,self-organised production and logistics.Supported by the European data infrastructure Gaia-X,it is a foundation for a future-oriented business philosophy that becomes reality in the traditional manufacturing industry,affecting the workforce and society at large.Klaus Beetz,CEO EIT ManufacturingApril 20232IntroductionWhen talking about the future,there are expectations of working towards reducing uncertainty and volatility in the world.However,for many sectors,manufacturing included,greater uncertainty and challenges have become prevalent over the past years.Questions around how to ensure that a fair human-centred transformation is also a green transformation,what we will be producing in a future where resources are limited,and how to future-proof factories in 2030,considering people,planet and profit,just scratch the surface of areas that urgently need addressing.Thereforein 2021,EIT Manufacturing developed a vision for the future of Manufac-turing in Europe in 2030,called Fixing Our Future.It presents an optimistic view of what manufacturing in Europe could become,a shared vision of hope for the present and a desired future,to meet the needs of current generations without compro-mising the needs of generations to come.Within this vision,ethics,circularity,and collaboration emerged as important themes for EIT Manufacturing in the future.Starting out with an optimistic visionWith this vision and the stories of change,EIT Manufacturing created a guiding star for new and better future for the European Manufacturing System.This compelling vision and future-oriented storytelling aims to inspire thought leadership and help us consider how the decision-making of today will impact the generations of tomorrow.However,to achieve change and truly fix our future,we need ideas,products,technologies,services,and processes that build towards the realisation of these imaginations.This is where The Future of European Manufac-turing System project comes into play.3INTRODUCTIONFuture Design:Co-creating insights&solutionsUsing a collaborative,future design approach as a guiding structure,an intensive and extensive desktop research and horizon scanning was carried out,alongside conducting 16 industry expert interviews from inside and outside EIT Manufacturing to explore the future of the industry.On top of this,workshops were facilitated with various groups of stakeholders to build upon research findings towards co-creating a vision for desired and preferable future for manufacturing.All of this resulted in insights,learnings,and an overview of shared perspectives for change and action within the manufacturing system in Europe.Ultimately to transform stories of change and hopeful visions into realities and solutions.The Future of European Manufacturing System is an inspiring overview for EIT Manu-facturing that serves as an invitation for all stakeholders within its community to not only explore the future,but to also use this as a tangible backbone and proofing tool for future funding,strategy,and communications.This paper not only gives an overview of shared themes and learnings for the Future of the European Manufacturing System,but the process of participatory collective futuring to reach these insights also gave stakeholders the opportunity to better understand or imagine future competencies needed,while opening a dialogue around how to work together in the future.Overview of the european manufacturing system concept4ContentsENABLERS6FUTURE PILLARS OF CHANGE 71.Driving Change through EU Policy&Values82.Building Collaborative Ecosystems123.Empowering a Human Work Culture154.Transitioning to Sustainable Practice19FUTURE SPHERES OF ACTION23Future of Data241.Resilient Data Spaces252.Data Quality&Ethics273.Sustainable Data29Future of Energy&Critical Resources321.Clean,Green&Efficient Energy332.Decentralised Energy Options353.Race for Critical Resources37FUTURE OF MATERIALS&PRODUCTS381.Remanufacturing Businesses are Relevant 402.Manipulating Materials&Machines 423.Bio Materials and Manufacturing44FUTURE OF THE FACTORY461.Creative Freedom in the Industrial Metaverse 472.Collaborative Technology for Radical Servitisation493.Resilience through Non-linear,Distributed production515EnablersThe Future of European Manufacturing is a paper that aims to make the vision,as described in Fixing Our Future,tangible.It gives an overview of shared themes and learnings for the Future of the European Manufacturing System and unpacks perspectives on key concepts and technologies that will shape the future of circular,digital,and sustainable manufacturing in Europe.Enablers for future change and actions help make the vision a reality.While the Future Pillars of Change can be seen as foundational enablers,the Spheres of Action can be viewed as applied enablers for change,both offering opportunities and tools to make the vision,as described in Fixing Our Future,a reality.In complex,uncertain,and tumultuous times like these,it is important that the European man-ufacturing sector can imagine new systems.To see new opportunities,one should have the capacity to be open to other possibilities and to do things differently.Future Pillars of Change-Enablers for moving towards a preferred future,each of them including specific areas of action,followed by key supporting signals of change and interview quotes.Future Spheres of Action-Highlighting future areas of action applied to the context of the manufacturing sector.Future Pillars of ChangeFuture Spheres of Action6Future Pillars of Change7PILLARS OF CHANGE1.Driving Change Through EU Policy&Values“In a resource-constrained,polluted world with time constraints,you are going to need policy intervention to decide what is manufactured,how it is supplied,what materials are used,what energy is used.Policymakers can step in and say its an emergency situation,we have to do something.”David Peck,TU DelftAREAS FOR ACTIONBuilding Strategic Autonomy in a Global Economy Leading the Way in a Competitive AI Landscape Designing for a Greener Future8PILLARS OF CHANGE DRIVING CHANGE THROUGH EU POLICY&VALUESAREA FOR ACTIONBuilding StrategicAutonomy in a GlobalEconomyAs supply chain resilience gains importance,the EU will need to advance policy initiatives to help European manufacturers build competitive capacity and continuity,protect the regions interests and promote its values worldwide.The turbulent events of recent years,including the COVID-19crisis and Russias invasion of Ukraine,have challenged the vision of a globalised economy.This is forcing European politicians and companies to consider relocating manufacturing operations to trusted trade partners,as a way to guard against supply chain disruptions.Such a shift will demand EU policymakers to work closer together with the private sector,think collaboratively and to implement rules and standards that can help manufacturers pursue this strategy of strategic autonomy,and to do so in a way that allows them to sustain their global competitiveness.AREA FOR ACTION KEY SIGNALSINTERVIEWEuropean industry know-how is a strong competitive advantage“You cant turn a not-so-good product into a super competitive-advantage product using digital technologies.”INTERVIEWAutonomy vs Sovereignty“We dont have to stop being open.Thisis something we have to continue towork on.”INTERVIEWCutting through red tape inEuropeThere are a couple of challenges that weneed to deal with at some point:labourcosts and regulations.Read the Signals of Change in full on futuremanufacturingsystem.eu/signals9PILLARS OF CHANGE DRIVING CHANGE THROUGH EU POLICY&VALUESAREA FOR ACTIONLeading the Way ina Competitive AILandscapeEurope will need to take a sensible approach to data privacy and protection to ensure it leads the way in AI and become competitive while remaining in accordance with its EU values and principles.With the rise of AI,the need for good data is greater than ever and so is the need to establish adequate legal and ethical frame-works that can guarantee responsible implementation in the EU.Policymakers will be faced with the challenge of balancing the risks and threats posed by AI applications,while also enabling Europe-an manufacturers to leverage the regions wealth of data,technical knowledge and industry know-how to develop and scale innovative solutions that are sustainable,secure,trustworthy and competitive.It will be essential for policymakers to be AI-literate as well as demand actionable data,to be able to make the right decisions.KEY SIGNALSINTERVIEWArtificial Intelligencedemands access to data“European industry is a little bit laggingbehind and regulation does not help.”INTERVIEWMobilising private capital forindustry innovation“We must be able to mobilise these hugeamounts of money,which are sittinguninvested,and bringing it to Europeancompanies.”CASEEU Artificial Intelligence ActWhat will be the internationalrepercussions of the AIA and to whatextent will it unilaterally impactRead the Signals of Change in full on futuremanufacturingsystem.eu/signals10PILLARS OF CHANGE DRIVING CHANGE THROUGH EU POLICY&VALUESAREA FOR ACTIONDesigning for aGreener FutureEU policy will shape the next generation of products and equipment that will drive the twin transition that Europe needs to make.Policies,rules and principles laid down at EU level will guide,support and trigger innovation that will ensure that European manufacturers deliver on their commitment to address the climate emergency.As new industry regulations are set,companies in Europe will be expected to rethink how their products are designed,manufactured,transported and used;find ways to reduce their resource and energy footprint;adopt circularity principles,and more generally,help im-prove the living conditions of citizens in Europe and beyond.KEY SIGNALSCASEiPhones Will Switch Over ToUSB-C Chargers With New EULawThe move comes after EU lawmakersvoted to enforce a common chargingstandard for all portable devicesCASERight to re-print:What rolecould 3D printing have inright to repair?How might 3D printing have thepotential to redefine how spare parts arecontrolled and supplied?INTERVIEWManufacturing from Home“The manufacturing industry will haveto face the challenge of producing theitems that are relevant for the newenergy approach that Europe will needto take.”Read the Signals of Change in full on futuremanufacturingsystem.eu/signals11PILLARS OF CHANGE2.Building collaborative ecosystems“I think something we kind of forgot or we were pressed into another direc-tion is the topic of way more collaboration.Sustainability means to under-stand the issue,and to tackle it jointly(and prevent everyone fromwithdrawing at a time of crisis or danger).One of the reasons why we joined EIT Manufacturing was because we see a big benefit in having at least your value chain with a moderated set up to discuss certain issues Where do you have such platforms?Usually you dont have them”EIT Manufacturing community memberAREAS FOR ACTIONConnecting Industry with Academia Collaboration with the Public Sector Collaboration within the Industry12PILLARS OF CHANGE BUILDING COLLABORATIVE ECOSYSTEMSAREA FOR ACTIONConnecting Industrywith AcademiaStronger partnerships are needed to foster talent,capabilities and perspectives that can allow the region to position itself at the forefront of the manufacturing industry.European universities and RTOs(Research and Technology ProgramOrganisations)are leading the way in many areas of research,but when it comes to working with businesses,and especiallysmall companies,the continent seems to be lagging behind.Global competition will demand European universities and industry to create stronger incentives for collaboration,cooperation,and estab-lish intermediary bodies that can link SMEs to academia.Further-more,by designing guiding principles for collaboration,developing mechanisms and initiatives that can foster trust between academic institutions and their industrial partners,the under