口腔宣教.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,The oral health education,Brush teeth,Pediatric Dentistry,Dental caries,gingival bleeding,Pericoronitis,Prosthodontics,Bruxism,Your ORAL healthy?,WHO:Oral health standard,is,clean teeth,no cavities,no pain,gingival color normal,no bleeding,口腔健康标准是,牙齿清洁、无龋洞、无疼痛感、牙龈颜色正常、无出血现象,How to brush your teeth!,purpose:,1,Plaque control(菌斑控制）,2,To remove plaque,soft dirt,food scraps（清除菌斑，软垢，食物残屑）,3,Reducing bacteria and harmful substances（减少细菌和有害物质）,4,To prevent the formation of dental calculus（防止牙石的形成）,5,Massage the periodontal tissue（按摩牙周组织）,6,Prevention of oral diseases（预防各种口腔疾病）,The,consequences,of improper brushing,Soft tissue,：gingival atrophy,teeth allergy,Hard tissue,：wear,wedge shaped defect,Attention should be paid to the problem of teeth,1,The choice of toothbrush:soft,small hea toothbrush,and change toothbrush for every three mo,n,ths,2,The choice of toothpaste:Fluoride toothpaste(含氟牙膏），anti allergy toothpaste(抗过敏牙膏）,3,brush three faces:lip,buccal,occlusal surface(唇面，颊面，咬合面）,4,The frequency of brushing:at least two times a day,5,Brushing time:at least three minutes,6,Hold the toothbrush method:the pen type(strength is small,less injury,precise operation),握牙刷的方法：握笔式（力量小，损伤少，精细操作）,7，Supplement of brushing:dental floss(牙线）,interdental brush（牙间隙刷）,Brushing method,1,Bass method(巴斯刷牙法）,2,Fones method,3,Others:Charter method,Smith method,Leonard method and so on.,Meanwhile proper brushing method is also very important.,巴斯刷牙法,(Bass Method)又称龈沟清扫法或水平颤动法，是一种有效去除龈缘附近及龈沟内牙菌斑的方法。美国牙科协会推荐使用巴斯刷牙法，至少每天早晚各一次，每次时间刷,3,分钟左右。,Bass method,Also known as the gingival sulcus cleaning method or horizontal vibration method.,1.,将牙刷对准牙齿与牙龈交接的地方。刷毛与牙齿大致呈,45,角，向牙合面拂刷，同时将刷毛向牙齿轻压，使刷毛略呈圆弧，牙刷侧边与牙齿有相当大的接触。,During tooth brushing,bristles should be placed at an angle of 45 degree Angle against the gum margins,gently move the toothbrush back and forth in small amplitude,.,2.,牙刷定位后，开始作短距离的水平运动，两颗到三颗牙前后来回约刷,10,次,。,从牙齿颊面的一边刷到另外一边。,Make the Toothbrush do short horizontal vibration,Consider two to three teeth as a group.Brush ten times for each group.Brush the teeth from one side of the cheek to the other.,3.,后牙的舌侧部分是较不易刷的地方，刷毛仍对准牙齿与牙龈的交接处，向牙合面拂刷。,the lingual part of the molar teeth is hard to brush,the bristles still should be placed at an angle of 45 degree Angle against the gum margins,，,brush to the tooth surface.,4,.,刷门牙的时候有点特殊，要把牙刷竖起来，一颗一颗的上下来回刷，内外都要刷到。,When brushing the incisors since the alignment of these teeth is curved in shape,the usual toothbrush motion cannot be applied here.Place the toothbrush almost vertically and brush the surfaces with the last few rows of,bristles,.Brush away from the gum margins.After finishing one tooth,move the toothbrush to the neighboring teeth to continue cleaning.,5.,刷咬合面时,来回的刷。咬合面上的天然窝沟不容易刷干净，要用力些刷哦。,When brushing the chewing surfaces,place the toothbrush horizontally,brush back and forth.Make sure that every molar is thoroughly cleaned.,E:Youku Filestranscode,巴斯刷牙法（教科书式正确刷牙法）,_,标清,.mp4,插视频。,Pediatric Dentistry,protect teeth,start from baby,The eruption sequence,immatured permanent teeth replace primary teeth,teeth position absorb drop,4y 67y,5y 78y,8y 1012y,7y 911y,8y 1113y,difference between primary molar teeth and immatured permanent molar teeth,differentiate,:,abrasion big or small colour,shape arrangement X-ray,the prevention of childrens dental caries,education among the parents,analysis the cause to find out the possible causes of caries,active treatment for acute caries,and prevention of secondary caries,the use of fluoride,pit and fissure sealing,regular inspection,First molars usually do pit and fissure sealing,and its prevention efffect is excellent.,Dental caries,（龋病）,Dental Caries,：,commonly known as cavities,（虫牙）,or tooth decay,（蛀牙）,is a bacterial disease,pathogen,Bacterial,Diet,Time,Host,Development process,Prevention,develop good habits,：,morning and evening brushing,mouthwash after meals,；,do not eat acidic stimulated food or snacks before going to sleep;,do not eat high sugar foods,such as sugar,chocolate,biscuits,etc.;,can not eat too much hard food,so as to avoid tooth abrasion;,often participate in physical exercise,regular inspection to your mouth,usually people over the age of 12 should check once a year;,should be rich in calcium intake,salts and other nutritious foods,eating foods high in fiber,gingival bleeding,牙龈出血,Pathogeny,1 Tartar,牙石,2 Chronic marginal gingivitis,慢性龈缘,炎,3 Poor Restoration,Porcelain teeth,Diseases of the hematopoietic system造血系统疾病）,Vitamin deficiency,（维生素缺乏）,Impaired liver function,（肝功能受损）,Hypertension,（高血压）,Arteriosclerosis,（动脉硬化）,Diabetes mellitus,（糖尿病）,Long term use of anticoagulants,（长期服用抗凝血药）,Drug induced gingival hyperplasia,（药物性牙龈增生）,Changes in hormone levels,（激素水平变化）,Pregnancy gingivitis,（妊娠期牙龈炎）,Scurvy,（坏血病）Drug induced gingival hyperplasia,（药物性牙龈增生）,AIDS,（艾滋病）,Treatment,The most common treatment is scaling,.It should be done every six months or every year.,Ultrasonic scaler,（超声洁牙机）,Pericoronitis,Third molars(,第三磨牙,)are the last development and eruption teeth,，,and the most obviously degeneratively(,退变地,),In the clinic,，,impaction of third molars are very common,They always caused pericoronitis,（冠周炎），,dental caries,（龋齿），,TMD,（颞下关节紊乱）,and other diseases.,Pericoronitis usually happens on,18-25 ages,.,Clinical often emerges in the form of,acute inflammation,(,急性炎症,),local red,swollen,pain in commonsometimes forming Pericoronal abscess,（关周脓肿）,ipsilateral submandibular lymph nodes,（下颌淋巴结肿大）,.,Pericoronitis of wisdom tooth usually occurred in the mandibular.,reasons,Pericoronitis of wisdom tooth is a common clinical disease,In growth process,third molar crown,（牙冠）,is covered with a part of the gingival portion,（牙龈瓣）,forming blind pouch(,盲袋,)between the crown and the gingival flap.There are often food particles and bacteria remain blind pouch,.,Because of mandibular third molar often lack adequate space and easy formation of impaction.(,因下颌第三,磨牙,萌出常缺乏足够位置而易形成阻生,),图,1,近中阻生 图,2,水平阻生 图,3,垂直阻生treatment methods,The pericoronitis of wisdom tooth should be early diagnosed,timely treated to prevent or control the spread and recurrence of pericoronitis.,Washing Blind pouch(,冲洗盲袋,).This method not only can play anti-inflammatory,drainage effect,is an effective method for treatment of pericoronitis.drugs:1%-3%,的双氧水、生理盐水、,1:5000,的高锰酸钾、,0.1,的氯己定液,.,operative drainage(,切开引流,).,Pericoronal abscess,（冠周脓肿）,should be performed incision and drainage,under local anesthesia.,The treatment is the removal of the third molar,（拔除智齿）,.,According to the local inflammation and systemic reaction degree and complications;The reasonable selection of antibiotics and supportive therapy.,（抗菌药物及全身治疗）,Prosthodontics,口腔修复,Prosthodontics,commonly also knownasdentalprostheticsorprosthetic dentistry,mainly for dental defects,missing teeth after treatment efforts,such asinlays,嵌体,full crowns,全冠,.,口腔修复，俗称镶牙，主要是针对牙齿缺损、牙齿缺失后的治疗工作，如,嵌体,、,全冠,、义齿等，也包括利用人工修复体针对,牙周病,、,颞下颌关节病,和颌面部组织缺损的治疗，如,牙周夹板,、赝复体、义眼、义耳、义鼻等。,dental defects,牙体缺损,defects of dentition,牙列缺损,edentulous,牙列缺失,periodontal disease,牙周病,temporomandibular joint disease,颞下颌关节病,maxillofacial defects,和颌面缺损,dental defects,牙体缺损,defects of dentition,牙列缺损,edentulous,牙列缺失,可以通过口腔修复治疗的疾病可以分为六大类,oral rehabilitation disease can be divided into six categories:the,：,牙体缺损,、,牙列缺损,、,牙列缺失,、,牙周病,、,颞下颌关节病,和颌面缺损，前三类是口腔修复治疗中的常见疾病,first three are the most common diseases,PFM:referred to as metal-ceramic crowns.High temperature in a vacuum on a metal substrate made of metal-ceramic composite structure crowns.,Types of crowns,Ni-Cr alloy metal crown,镍铬合金全冠,Chin Ho metal crown,金合金全冠,Ni-Cr alloy porcelain crown,镍铬合金烤瓷冠,Gold alloy porcelain crown,金合金烤瓷冠,All-ceramic crowns,全瓷冠,镍铬合金全冠,The best appearance,Can simulate the appearance of natural teeth,Completely free of metal,Bruxism(,夜磨牙,),What is Bruxism?,Why?,How to treat?,1.What is Bruxism?,Bruxism is a habit of teeth during sleep or daytime there is also unconscious molar habits,one point one point increase over time,is a long-term vicious spiral disease.In 6 years old to 13 years old are at Huanya period,in order to adapt to the upper and lower teeth are molars phenomenon in.,磨牙,症是指睡眠时有习惯性磨牙或白昼也有无意识磨牙习惯者，随时间一点一点加重，是一种长期的恶性循环疾病。人在,6,岁至,13,岁都处于换牙期，为适应上下牙齿磨合都会有磨牙现象。,Night molar is an abnormal function of the mouth,and its cause,is not very clear,2.Why?,For adults,(1)Mental factors(,精神因素,),(2)Gastrointestinal diseases(,胃肠道疾病,),(3)Excessive fatigue,（过度疲劳）,(4)Trace element deficiency,（微量元素缺乏）,。,In addition to the above several people,introverted,emotional,often in the mouth bite into habits of people can easily suffer from bruxism,.,For children,1,，,The parasite(,寄生虫病,),2,，,Diseases of nervous system(,神经系统疾病,)3,，,Excessive fatigue,（过度疲劳）,4,，,Lack of vitamin(,缺乏维生素,),5,，,In addition,during the teething children 8-11 years of age,because gum itching,easily generate molar minor phenomenon,this belongs to normal phenomenon during mild molar.(,另外，孩子,8-11,岁换牙期间，因为牙龈发痒，很容易产生轻微的磨牙现象，这期间轻度磨牙属正常现像,),Prevention and nursing care,1,，,Relax yourself,2,，,Avoid excitant food,3,Eat vitamin rich food,7,Be sure to brush your teeth before going to bed,8,Dinner not too full,9,，,The daily diet calcium supplements,regular deworming,（定期驱虫）,10,，,Keep your mouth in health state of rest,3.How to treat,1)Psychotherapy,2)Muscle relaxation therapy,（,肌肉松弛疗法）,4)Occlusal adjustment,（调整牙合治疗）,5)Occlusal splint therapy,（咬合板治疗）：制作一个牙垫，晚上睡前戴在牙颌上，早晨取下，缓解肌肉紧张。,6)Correcting the bad habit of dentognathic system(,纠正牙颌系统,),7)Intestinal anthelmintic treatment(,肠道驱虫治疗,),如果牙齿磨损的厉害，建议使用牙合垫进行隔断，避免牙齿进一步磨损。患者不能自行购买，需要在医生的指导下选用和佩戴。,1.What is Bruxism?,磨牙,症是指睡眠时有习惯性磨牙或白昼也有无意识磨牙习惯者，随时间一点一点加重，是一种长期的恶性循环疾病。人在,6,岁至,13,岁都处于换牙期，为适应上下牙齿磨合都会有磨牙现象。但是，过了换牙期的青少年和成人若常有磨牙的现象发生那就是一种病态。,夜磨牙,是中枢神经系统大脑皮质颌骨运行区的部分脑细胞不正常兴奋导致三叉神经功能紊乱，,三叉神经,支配咀嚼肌发生强烈持续性非功能性收缩，使牙齿发生嘎嘎响声的,咀嚼,运动,.,Night molar is an abnormal function of the mouth,and its cause,is not very clear,2.Why?,对成人原因主要有六种：,(1),神经紧张，心理焦虑，抑郁，愤怒等心理因素；,(2),胃肠道疾病，,内分泌紊乱,也可导致此；,(3),过度疲劳，从事精细工作者，如运动员，钟表匠等；,(4),体内缺乏微量元素易患此症；,(5),长期磨牙形成的习惯性磨牙症；,(6),工作压力大，身体劳累，长期生活不规律导致磨牙现象；,除了以上几种人外，性格内向，情绪激动，经常口中咬东西成习惯的人也容易患磨牙症。,For children,1,，肠内寄生虫病，尤其是肠,蛔虫病,，在儿童中相当多见；,2,，胃肠道的疾病，口腔疾病；,3,，临睡前给小儿吃不易消化的食物,4,，神经系统疾病，如精神运动性癫,5,，小儿白天情绪激动，过度疲劳或情绪紧张等精神因素。,6,，缺乏维生素，患有维生素,D,缺乏性佝偻病的孩子，由于体内钙，磷代谢紊乱，会引起骨骼脱钙，,肌肉酸痛,和,植物神经紊乱,，常常会出现多汗，夜惊，烦躁不安和夜间磨牙。,8,，另外，孩子,8-11,岁换牙期间，因为牙龈发痒，很容易产生轻微的磨牙现象，这期间轻度磨牙属正常现像。,Prevention and nursing care,1,，睡前尽量放松自己，尤其是在入睡前，可以适当的做些体操，泡泡热水澡，听听轻音乐等。,2,，避免兴奋性食品和吸烟，改善睡眠环境。,3,，尽量避免含有,咖啡因,等饮料或食物，像咖啡，巧克力，可乐等尽量避免,4,，多吃些含维生素丰富的食物。,5,，要懂得如何缓解压力，放松心情，调整心态。,6,，热敷上下颚，可松弛咬合肌肉，也可减少头痛的机会,7,，保持正确姿式，弯腰驼背也会导至维持松弛,;,8,，睡前一定要刷牙，晚饭不要过饱。,9,，日常饮食注意补充钙质，定期驱虫,;,10,，白天时让嘴巴保持在健康的休息状态，即让牙齿维持松弛,3.How to treat,磨牙症,的治疗方法有好多种，临床上主要以减轻磨牙给牙齿咬合面带来的破坏、减轻肌肉关节的症状为目的。原则是阻断病因，减少损害,.,1),心理治疗,：确实有精神心理因素的作用，使,颌骨,肌肉张力过度,3),肌肉松弛疗法：颌骨肌肉过分紧张是引起磨牙症的原因之一，治疗中解除肌肉过度紧张是控制磨牙症的必要手段。,4),调整牙合治疗：通过调磨少量牙体组织，去除咬合干扰及牙合早接触，建立咬合平衡关系，以达到牙颌、咀嚼肌、颞下颌关节三者间的生理平衡，消除磨牙症。,5),咬合板治疗：制作一个牙垫，晚上睡前戴在牙颌上，早晨取下，缓解肌肉紧张。,6),纠正牙颌系统不良习惯。如单侧咀嚼、咬铅笔、常嚼口香糖等。,7),肠道驱虫治疗：杀蛔虫治疗，减少肠道寄生虫蠕动刺激肠壁。因为卫生原因而导致蛔虫引发的夜磨牙在儿童时期可能会发生,如果牙齿磨损的厉害，建议使用牙合垫进行隔断，避免牙齿进一步磨损。患者不能自行购买，需要在医生的指导下选用和佩戴。,