测井资料与应用.ppt

China National Logging Corporation,OEPA,2006,测井资料与应用,(3),2.5,声波测井,(Acoustic Log),2.5.1,测量原理,*,声波发生器激发声波,*,声波沿井壁滑行传播,*,两个接收探头记录声波全波列信号,*,测量声波传播经过两个接收探头所用的时间,t,Full wave form,Conventional acoustic log record P(compressional),S(shear)and stoneley wave form,compressional,常规声波测井一般提供声波时差,t,GR,t,不同的地层具有不同的声波速度和时差,t,2.5.3,声波孔隙度,通常地层岩石骨架的声速都,远大于孔隙中流体的声速,高孔隙地层饱含更多的流体,其声速将较低,*,记录的总,t,=,骨架,t,+,孔隙流体,t,*,声波速度,(,或,t),与,孔隙度紧密相关,sound,sound,2.5.4,应用,计算孔隙度,估算地层破裂压力,地层出砂分析,计算渗透率,纵合密度测井资料制作合成地震剖面,Wyllie,平均时间公式,(WTA),最常用的孔隙度公式,:,s,=,式中,t,ma,纯地层骨架的声波时差,;,t,f,孔隙流体的声波时差,;,C,p,压实校正系数,.,C,p,(,t,f,t,ma,),(,t,c,t,ma,),压实校正,固结不好,(,欠压实,),的砂岩,t,较高,用其计算的,孔隙度偏高,(28-50%),通常需进行,压实校正,压实校正,公式,:,致密地层,Cp=1,固结不好,(,欠压实,),地层,压实系数,Cp,0.8,1.3,压实校正图版,范例,砂岩,t=110 s/ft,不校正,:,=40%,选择,Cp=1.5:,27%,泥质影响校正,固结好,(,压实,),纱岩,:,固结差,(,非压实,),纱岩,:,简单公式,:,油,气影响校正,油,气的,t,大于水,-,油,/,气层处理出的,AC,偏大,油,气影响校正,系数,:,气层,t=0.7,AC,油层,t=0.9,AC,GR,Clean,sand,clean sand:,t,log,125,s/ft,t,m,55.5 s/ft,tf 189 s/ft,Cp=1.2,Vsh,0.1(10%),(125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2 Vsh,69.5/133.5/1.2 0.1,0.43-0.1,0.33(%),Use cross plot:,0.3%,calculation,Using acoustic data along,t,研究岩石的物理特性,*,可用,AC,资料计算出许多岩石的弹性摸量参数,*,着些弹性摸量参数可用来评价储层压裂,出砂等问题,Borehole Breakout,Good Borehole,井壁稳定性分析,地层出砂分析,Sanding Potential,Prediction,用斯通利波计算渗透率,*Permeability is a important parameter for reservoir evaluation,*Permeability is difficult to calculated accurately,*Stoneley wave can be used to calculate permeability more accurately,合成地震剖面,2.6,电阻率测井,A,M,N,0,测量间距,电源,电压表,B,测井仪器,电场,电阻率测井示意图,不同地层的电阻率,松软地层,(泥质砂岩,)0.5ohmm-50ohmm.,致密地层,(,碳酸岩,)10ohmm to 1000ohmm.,喷发岩,(,硬石膏,),可高达几千到上万,ohmm,Presentation,Linear scale logarithmic scale,Sand scale:0.02-200,Limestone scale:2-2000,2.6.3 Dual Lateral Resistivity Tool,Investigate depth,-deep log,R,D,80 in,-shallow log,R,S,60 in,Used to calculate,true formation R,t,&S,W,Receiver,Ground loop,Transmitter,2.6.4 Induction Tool Schematic,Conductivity log,Investigate depth,-deep log,R,D,60 in,-shallow log,R,S,40 in,Used to calculate true formation R,t,&S,W,*8 Rt curves with different investigation depth(10 120 in),*The logging curves separate in the permeable zoneThe invasion profile shows us the flushed zone,transition,zone and virgin zone.,HDIL,(high resolution digital induction log),Use focused current*Very shallow investigation(2-12 in)*Measure Rt of flushed zone(R,XO,)*Used for evaluation of invaded affection,2.6.5,聚焦及微电阻率测井,2.6.6,环境影响,Invaded,zone,None invaded zone,泥浆侵入对地层的污染,在泥浆侵入条件下的测井响应,主要的环境影响,井眼垮塌,电阻率差异大的围岩,泥浆侵入,.,The affection of bed thickness,Log pg7-4,fig 7-5,Lower Rt of surrounding bed,High Rt of surrounding bed,Bed thickness,Correction,(Induction log),Bed thickness,6 ft,No correction,Thinner beds need more correction,Different Rs need different correction,Chart for borehole correction to dual lateral,Examplegive:,Rm=1,mRD=10,mborehole=11inRLLDcorr,10 1.4,14(,m),Water zone,Salty mud(Rm Rxo Rm Fresh water mud(Rm Rw,high Rt invaded):R,a,Rxo Rm,Oil zone,Salty mud(Rm Rxo Rm Fresh water mud(Rm Rw,high Rt invaded):R,a,Rxo Rm,R,a,apparent log resistivity Rxo flushed zone resistivity Rm mud resistivity,Invasion affection,Low resistivity invaded,High resistivity invaded,High resistivity invasion,Rw=0.04m/29C Rmf=1.16m/28.5C,Rt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,Low resistivity invasion,Rw=1.14m/30C Rmf=0.16m/27.8C,Rt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,2.6.7,应用,主要用途是计算含水饱和度,识别油,气水层,油,/,气的电阻率高于水,致密岩石,(,钙,硬石膏,白云岩等,),电阻率也很高,Rt,不能单独用来识别油,气,水层,Oil,water,gas,oil,oil,Sw,Sw,Hard rock with higher Rt value,Hard,rock,CN,Thank You!,