高考英语词法之名词历年考试复习重点.pdf

1 高考英语词法之名词历年考试复习重点高考英语词法之名词历年考试复习重点 单选题 1、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased _ of and support for teaching among the public and nation.ArealizationBprofessionCrecognitionDacquisition 2、The company presented him with a gold watch in _ of his 20 years of good service.AachievementBappreciationCattentionDagreement 3、The cloth has a _ of blue and white squares,which is very beautiful.ApaintingBpatternCsampleDmodel 4、The English teacher asked the students to give a _ of the text.AballetBseniorCgenerationDsummary 5、A butterfly is a flying _ with a long thin body and four large,usually brightly coloured,wings.AdolphinBdinosaurCposterDinsect 6、Jerry has been preparing carefully for the coming English test so that he can be sure of passing it at his first _.ArescueBattemptCpurposeDrequest 7、Jenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing.But now,singing in the choir provides _ from what she calls the“gray days”.ArealityBrelief CmissionDfault 8、Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of _.AbrotherhoodBbrotherCbrothersDbrotherly 2 9、While most of us are only too ready to _ others the cold wind of _,we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Arespond to.conflictBapply to.criticism Creact to.threatDreply to.superiority 10、The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant _.AconstitutionBaffectionCconservationDproduction 11、He made a quick _ to the new surroundings.In other words,he was more _.Aadoption,adaptiveBadaptation,adaptive Cadapt,adaptableDadaptation,adaptable 12、You didnt do anything wrongyou should have a clear _.AcostumeBcorporationCcontestDconscience 13、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream(主流)over the next _.AentranceBdecadeCcommitteeDfeedback 14、In a small wooded valley _ two towns,both set in beautiful _.Alies;surroundingBlie;surroundings Clay;surroundingDdid lie;surroundings 15、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of highyielding rice,making outstanding contributions to Chinas food _.AlackBcuisineCsecurityDpurchase 16、Im pleased that we do have the_ to produce so much food.AfrictionBclueCcapacityDphysician 17、Jay Leno,the host of the“Tonight”show,once said that every new challenge put all the resources of the host to 3 the test,and most solutions belonged to the _.AaccidentBcustomCeventDoccasion 18、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the _ it can bring to the development of childrens brains.AsystemsBprioritiesCbarriersDbenefits 19、My brother is a policeman.划线成分是_ A主语 B谓语 C宾语 D表语 20、The police ordered him not to leave the city without _.AatmosphereBbaconCcuriosityDpermission 21、Though David received the_ from the school basketball team,he didnt give up his dream and continued practicing hard.AinteractionBcompanionshipCcooperationDrejection 22、To the great _ of the citizens,no one else was infected with the coronavirus except the 136 confirmed cases.ArelaxationBdisappointmentCreliefDsurprise 23、There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some_ and then let me know.AthoughtBstrengthsCprotectionDauthority 24、Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last _.AflashBteenagerCsemesterDfocus 25、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final _ of the game,because it is essential for them to go into the next round.AoutcomeBoutlineCcomebackDcooperation 26、Toms parents behavior,as well as their words _ a key effect on him during the past twenty years.4 AhaveBhave hadChas hadDhas 27、Weve had a few _,but were still good friends.AdisagreeBdisagreesCdisagreementDdisagreements 28、The lockdown hobbled Indias economy and its GDP recorded the sharpest _ in its history.AmotionBdissatisfactionCconservationDcontraction 29、In our mind,Professor Wang is a learned and kind man,so we showed our _for him.AattentionBrespectCstruggleDrequest 30、That flood has been _ several times to prove that its important to take preventive_.Areferred to,actionsBreferred,measure Creferred,actionDreferred to,measures 31、Because of the tight_ and heavy workload of Grade 12,many students have to make use of their lunch break to finish homework.AscheduleBpressureCperformanceDimpression 32、Norris twice knocked down his _ in the early rounds of the fight.AopponentBasteroidCnephewDtriathlete 33、The winner will receive _ of books.Aa ten pound worthBten pound worthyCten pounds worthDten pounds worthy 34、The selection process in the job market is based on standard tests of _ and experience.AconceptBcrewCcompetenceDcruelty 35、As a soldier,he showed selfless_ to duty.AdevotionBconservationCassumptionDcomparison 5 36、The university will reach its_ of 5,000 students next September.AaccountBbenefitCtargetDprocess 37、The_ gained from this experience has invested my life with new meaning.AdepartureBinsightCproofDsetting 38、There are _ people in the cinema.Atwo hundredBtwo hundredsCtwo hundred of 39、The government has taken some _ to solve the problem.AmeasuresBatomsCnovelsDpeppers 40、Despite years of _ from publishers,she persevered in her attempt to establish herself as a writer.AenduranceBrejectionCblessingDcompanionship 41、This new variety of music is a _ _ around the world.Aphenomenon;spreadsBphenomena;spreading Cphenomenon;spreadingDphenomena;spread 42、Laziness is the _ of his failure.AreasonBcauseCexcuseDway 43、Procrastination can often pose_to peoples ability_their goals successfully,which is evident,for example,in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.Aa question of pursuingBan obstacle to pursue Ca dilemma to pursueDa hindrance to pursuing 44、Although three teams adopted different _ to the problem,they all succeeded.AmethodsBwaysCapproachesDmeans 6 45、Weve made our plans,and now we must put them into _.AfactBpracticeCrealityDdeed 7 高考英语词法之名词_01E 参考答案 1、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。A.realization 实现；B.profession 专业；C.recognition 承认，认可；D.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得。根据“are willing to”可知，人们愿意说明大家认可。故选 C。2、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他 20 年来的良好服务。A.chievement 成就；B.appreciation 感激；C.attention 注意；D.agreement 同意。根据句意，他为公司服务 20 年，给他一块表以示感谢。故选 B。3、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这块布有蓝白方格的图案，非常漂亮。A.painting 绘画；B.pattern 模式，图案；C.sample 样品；D.model 模范。根据后文“of blue and white squares”指布有蓝白方格的图案，应用 pattern。故选B。4、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语老师要求学生们给出课文概要。A.ballet 芭蕾舞；B.senior 较年长的人；C.generation 一代人；D.summary 概要。由上下文“The English teacher asked the students to give a _ of the text.”可知，老师要求学生给出课文的摘要，故选 D。5、答案：D 8 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin 海豚；B.dinosaur 恐龙；C.poster 海报；D.insect 昆虫。根据 butterfly 可知，这是一种昆虫。故选 D。6、答案：B 解析：考查名词。句意：杰瑞一直在认真地为即将到来的英语考试做准备，以便他有把握第一次就通过。A:rescue 营救;B:attempt 尝试;C:purpose 目的;D:request 要求.固定句式 at ones first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时，结合句意，故选 B。7、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。A.reality 现实；B.relief 减轻，解除；C.mission 任务；D.fault 错误。根据句意以及 But now 可知，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子”。故选 B 项。8、答案：A 解析：考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A.brotherhood 兄弟情谊；B.brother 兄弟；C.brothers 兄弟(复数)；D.brotherly 兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together”(一起作战的士兵)可知，一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指“兄弟情谊”，应用名词 brotherhood，故选 A。9、答案：B 解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A.respond to 对作出回应，conflict 冲突，矛盾；B.apply to 9 把应用到，把施加到，criticism 批评；C.react to 对作出反映，threat 威胁；D.reply to 对作出回复，superiority 优越，优势。根据 while 可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of _和第二句话中的“give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选 B。apply sth.to sb.意为“将应用到，将施加到”。该处指 apply the cold wind of criticism to others(将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人)。故选 B。10、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A.constitution 构成，组成；B.affection 喜爱；C.conservation 保护；D.production 生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。故选 C。11、答案：D 解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快就适应了新环境。换句话说，他的适应能力更强。A.adoption,adaptive 采用；适应的，常用在专业术语当中；B.adaptation,adaptive 适应；适应的；C.adapt,adaptable 动词，适应；能适应的，适应性强的，指在生活中表示适应能力强；D.adaptation,adaptable 适应；能适应的，适应性强的。第一空根据后文“to the new surroundings”可知指适应新环境，应用 make a quick adaptation；第二空表示在新环境中“适应能力强”应用形容词 adaptable。故选 D。12、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。A.costume 戏装；B.corporation 公司；C.contest 竞赛；D.conscience 良心；内疚。根据“You didnt do anything wrong”可知，你没有做错任何事你应该问心无愧。故选 D 项。13、答案：B 10 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A.entrance 入口；B.decade 十年；C.committee 委员会；D.feedback 反馈。根据句意以及前文 over the next 可知，此处指“在未来十年”。故选 B项。14、答案：B 解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie“位于”，lay 是 lie 的过去式，故排除 C、D 项，主语是 two towns，是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding“周围的”，是形容词，surroundings“环境”是名词，形容词 beautiful 修饰名词 surroundings 作介词宾语，故选 B。15、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食安全做出了杰出的贡献。A.lack 缺乏；B.cuisine 风味；C.security 安全；D.purchase 采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、安全的水稻。故选 C 项。16、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我们有能力生产这么多食物。A.friction 摩擦力；B.clue 线索；C.capacity(领悟或理解、办事)能力；D.physician 医师，内科医生。根据前后文句意可知，此处指“有能力”生产足够的食物。故选 C 项。17、答案：A 解析：11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jay Leno 曾经说过，每一次挑战都在测试主持人的资源，大多数的解决方法都属于偶然。A.accident 偶然；B.custom 风俗；C.event 项目，大事件；D.occasion 场合。根据句意分析可知，此处表示“解决方式属于偶然”，表达为 accident。故选 A。18、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A.systems 体系，系统；B.priorities 优先事项；C.barriers 障碍；D.benefits 好处。根据“Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools”推知，音乐对儿童大脑的发展是有好处的。故选 D。小提示：19、答案：D 解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，“my brother”为主语，is 为系动词，“a policeman”在系动词后作表语。故选 D。20、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A.atmosphere 气氛；B.bacon 熏肉；C.curiosity 好奇心；D.permission 许可。由 The police ordered him 可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城市”，permission 符合句意。故选 D 项。21、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练习。A.interaction 互动；B.companionship 友谊；C.cooperation 合作；D.rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折关系，12 可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，故选 D。22、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令市民大为宽慰的是，除了 136 例确诊病例外，没有其他人感染了冠状病毒。A.relaxation 放松；B.disappointment 失望；C.relief 解脱、宽慰；D.surprise 惊讶。结合“no one else was infected with the coronavirus”可知，知晓无其他人感染冠状病毒，市民肯定大感宽慰。故选 C 项。23、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。A,thought 思考；B。strengths 力量；C.protection 保护；D.authority 权威。根据“There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知，现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。故选 A 项。24、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：王教授上学期开了两门研究生课程。A.flash 闪现；B.teenager 青少年；C.semester学期；D.focus 焦点。由上文“Professor Wang offered two graduate courses last”可知，王教授是在上学期开了两门研究生课程，故选 C。25、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动员们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。A.outcome 结果；B.outline 概述；C.comeback 重返；D.cooperation 合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。故选 A。26、答案：C 13 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的 20 年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间状语“during the past twenty years”可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当“as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就远原则，即和“behavior”保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。故选 C。27、答案：D 解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应用名词，“disagree”意为“不同意”，动词词性，故 A 和 B 排除，“disagreement”意为“分歧”，为可数名词，句中“a few”意为“一些，几个”，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用“disagreement”的复数形式“disagreements”。故选 D 项。28、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁令印度经济陷入困境，其 GDP 出现了历史上最严重的收缩。A.motion 运动；B.dissatisfaction 不满；C.conservation 保护；D.contraction 收缩。根据 The lockdown hobbled Indias economy 及常识可知，封锁使经济陷入困境，从而造成了 GDP 的收缩（contraction）。故选 D 项。29、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。A.attention 注意；B.respect 尊敬；C.struggle 斗争；D.request 请求。根据“Professor Wang is a learned and kind man”可知，在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。show our respect for（向某人表敬意）可知，选 B。30、答案：D 14 解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们多次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表示“提到，提及”应用短语 refer to；结合上文“its important to take preventive”指采取预防措施，应用 take measures,也可以说成 take action。故选 D。31、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于 12 年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表；B.pressure 压力；C.performance 表现；D.impression 印象。由语意可知，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。故选 A 项。32、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A.opponent 对手；B.asteroid 海星；C.nephew 侄子；D.triathlete 三项全能运动员。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent 表示“对手”符合语意。故选 A 项。33、答案：C 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：获胜者将得到价值 10 英镑的书籍。worth 价值，为名词，通常 worth 后面跟着 of，而且句子里一般含有具体金钱数额。ten pounds后接名词，而 worthy 是形容词，故选 C。34、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业市场上的选择过程是基于标准能力测试和经验。A.concept 概念，定义；B.crew 全体船员，全体机组人员；C.competence 能力；D.cruelty 残忍，残酷。根据语意以及下文“experience”可 15 知，就业市场的选择标准是依据求职人的能力和经验。故选 C 项。35、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名士兵，他表现出了对职责的无私奉献。A.devotion 贡献；B.conservation 保存，保持；C.assumption 假定；D.comparison 比较。根据 selfless 和 to duty 可知，此处是指对职责的无私奉献。故选 A。36、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这所大学明年 9 月将达到招收 5000 名学生的目标。A.account 账户；B.benefit 利益；C.target 目标；D.process 过程。由“reach”和“5,000 students next September”可知，句子表示“这所大学明年 9月将达到招收 5000 名学生的目标”，因此空格处是“目标”，是 target，故选 C。37、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A.departure 离开；B.insight 领悟；C.proof 证据；D.setting 环境；背景。根据 new meaning 可知，insight“领悟”符合句意。故选 B。38、答案：A 解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用 hundred（百）表确切数字修饰名词时，hundred 不可变为复数形式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。故选 A。39、答案：A 解析：16 考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府已经采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。A.measures 措施；B.atoms 原子；C.novels 小说；D.peppers 甜椒。由“to solve the problem”可知，此处指采取措施解决问题。故选 A 项。40、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管多年来遭到出版商的拒绝，她仍坚持要成为一名作家。A.endurance 耐力，持久力；B.rejection 拒绝，抛弃；C.blessing 祝福，祈祷，福祉；D.companionship 友谊，情谊。根据句意可知，rejection“拒绝，抛弃”符合题意。故选 B 项。41、答案：C 解析：考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：这种新的音乐形式正在世界各地传播。根据不定冠词 a，此处用单数名词phenomenon（现象）。分析句子结构，空格二用非谓语动词，与前面名词 phenomenon 构成主动关系，用现在分词形式，spreading 符合题意。故选 C 项。42、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A.reason 原因；B.cause 原因；C.excuse 借口；D.way 方法。reason 说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词 for；cause 说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词 of。故选 B。43、答案B 解析：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question of pursuing“问题；追求”B.an obstacle to pursue“阻碍；追求”C.a dilemma to pursue“困境；追求”D.a hindrance to pursuing“阻碍；追求”。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某人的做某事的能力”，故排除选项 A 和 D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。故选 B。17 44、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个小组对这个问题采取了不同的方法，但他们都成功了。A.methods 方法；B.ways 方式，方法；C.approaches 方法；D.means 方法。浏览选项可知，四个选项都有“方法”的意思，但根据句中“to the problem”可知，句中涉及固定短语“an approach to sth.”，意为“的方法”，此时“to”为介词，而“method”和“means”不和介词“to”连用，“a way to do sth.”意为“做某事的方法”，但这个短语中“to”为不定式符号，不是介词。故选 C 项。45、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已订好计划，现在必须付诸实施。A.fact 事实；B.practice 实践；C.reality 现实；D.deed 行动。根据上文“Weve made our plans,and now we must put them into”指把计划付诸实施应用 put into practice。故选 B。