大学英语精读第四册unit-5-PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,UNIT 5,To Lie or Not to Lie-The Doctors,Dilemma,1,.,Warm-up Activities,Background Information,Global Analysis,Detailed Study(Words&Phrases),Useful Expressions,Spot Dictation&Summary Writing,Proverbs&Quatations,2,.,Warm-up Questions,Have you ever been to hospital?What did you think of the doctors attitude?,Suppose you are a doctor,what,s your choice:to tell a lie or to tell the truth about your patients?,3,.,Do you know different types of medical workers?,physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生,dentist 牙医,intern 实习医生,resident 住院医生 chief resident 住院总医师,head nurse 护士长,veterinarian(vet)兽医,quack 江湖游医,4,.,Background Information,About Medicine,Medicine is the practice of maintaining of health and preventing,alleviating,or curing of disease.WHO,or the World Health Organization,declared that health is“a state of complete physical,mental and social well-being,and not merely the absence of disease”.Obviously the goal of medicine is to maintain health.,5,.,About Doctors,General practitioners:,(全科医生）,They may not have special training in any particular medical field,but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness.,Specialists:,（专科医生）,Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness,thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.,Researchers:,Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools.At the same time,they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.,6,.,Definition of a White Lie,A white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified,or even praiseworthy,if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it is told.Quite often,a doctors lie is thought to be a case in point.,7,.,Part Division of the Text,Part,Lines,Main Ideas,1,1-26,Doctors reasons for telling lies,2,27-55,The authors reasons why the patients should be told the truth.,3,56-71,The author urges that an open debate be held on this issue,8,.,dilemma,:n.a difficult choice to be made between two possibilities,e.g.The doctors dilemma was whether she should tell her patient the truth,or not.,He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to go back to Russia,.,2.benefit,:,vt,.do good to,e.g.The new governments policy will benefit the majority of the people.,The new hospital will benefit the local community.,9,.,3.conceal,:hide.keep secret,e,.g.Dont try to conceal anything from me.I know the whole thing inside out.,4.brutal,:very cruel,e,.g.The captain was a brutal man and everyone was afraid of his brutal,behavior.,We have to face the brutal fact that Jim is going to die very soon.,10,.,5.uphold,:defend or support(a law,system or principle).,eg:The law upholds everybody,s right to be fairly treated.,They are trying their best to uphold traditional moral rules.,6.minimize,:reduce to the smallest possible degree,represent as having,the least degree of importance value or size,eg:The mountaineers took every precaution to minimize the dangers of their climbing.,He,s made a serious mistake,and its no use trying to minimize its seriousness.,11,.,7.distort,:give a false or misleading account of,eg:You,ve distorted what I said.,The driver distorted the facts of the accident to escape blame.,8.grave,:serious,eg:The doctor has told us that Peter,s condition is grave and he,will probably die.,The doctor,s face was grave when he told us the news.,12,.,9.contrary to,:completely opposite to different from,eg:Everything he has done is contrary to what he said he would do,.,10.betray,:be unfaithful to;deceive,eg:The public felt betrayed when the President went back on his promise not to raise taxes.,11.humanely conveyed,:tenderly or kindly make known to the patients.,convey:make known,communicate express,eg:I cant convey my feelings in words,.,This picture will convey to you some ideas of the beauty of the West Lake,.,13,.,12.advocate,:a person who speaks for an idea,way of life,eg:Prof Li is a passionate advocate of the socialist market economy.,They are strong advocates of womens rights,.,13.invade,:enter with armed forces in order to attack.violate,interfere with,eg:Hitler invaded Poland in 1939,.,She accused the newspapers of invading her privacy,.,14.render,:make,cause to become,eg:The shock of her husbands death rendered her completely,unable to work.,If you introduce too many complicated rules you will render the system unworkable,.,14,.,15.concerning,:about,eg:We are anxious to hear any information concerning his health,.,I have little to say concerning his moral character,.,16.befall,:of sth.bad happen to sb.,eg:She feared that some terribel accident had befallen him,Such bad luck befell the team throughout the game that they eventually lost.,15,.,17.at times,:sometimes,once in a while,eg:We have sandwiches for lunch at times,but usually we prefer noodles.,18.leave in the dark,:keep uninformed,eg:Peter kept his parents in the dark about his bad examination results.,He said nothing,leaving me in the dark about his plans.,19.in the long run,:in the end,20.go to great lengths,:do everything that is necessary to obtain a desired,result.eg:He went to great lengths to prove to his girlfriend that he had,earned his success by hard work.,He would go to great lengths to get what he wanted.,16,.,Preface:,1.Pattern:,It is proper(for sb.)to do sth.,It is proper+that clause,2.die-dead-death-dying(,现在分词,),3.satisfactory adj.-satisfaction n17,.,Para.1:,1.lie(vi.):tell a lie lie to sb.=tell a lie(n.)to sb.,2.benefit(vi.do good to,3.lines(of work):fields,areas of activity or work(,行业,),4.the requirements of honesty often dwarfed by greater needs:,the requirements of honesty often seem less important when compared with other need,5.Translate the sentence into Chinese.,医疗行业与法律、政府及其他行业一样，往往对诚实与否的问题看得不那么重要。相比之下要紧的倒是另外一些事情。譬如，应设法避免可怕的消息造成的打击，或是考虑恪守保守秘密的诺言,或是需要揭露腐败或促进公众利益。,18,.,Para.2:Read this paragraph,1.In this paragraph,the author uses four question marks.What does she want to tell us?,She wants to show us the doctors dilemma whether to lie to such a patient or not.,2.routine physical checkup(,常规身体检查,):coming to the hospital for a general medical examination to determine the state of his health,3.deny(=refuse to acknowledge)that he is ill,deny doing(,否认做过某事,),4.minimize(vt.):reduce to the smallest possible degree,把,减低到最低程度,-maximize,5.gravity:seriousness,严重性,the gravity(,引力,)of the earth,19,.,Para.3,1.confront(vt.):face(vt.),面对,e.g.:We are confronting some complicated problems now.,2.at times:often;sometimes;once in a while,时常,;,不时地,e.g.:We have instant noodles for lunch at times.,3.in sbs eyes=in the eyes of sb.=from ones viewpoint,e.g.:Tony is over 30 now,but in the eyes of his parents,he is still a child.,4.differ(vi.)from:be different from,e.g.:English differs from French in many respects.,5.sharply:clearly or distinctly,6.self-serving ones:lies that serves ones own interests(,利己的谎言,),20,.,Para.4:,1.Q:What excuse do doctors have for lying to their patients?,2.the+adj.:the(seriously)ill;the rich;the poor,3.Pattern:risk(vt.)+doing sth,4.deteriorate(v.):cause to become worse and worse,e.g.:The patients condition has deteriorated(=has become worse and worse)since the operation.,mit suicide:do the act of killing oneself,6.ours=our profession,7.percept:maxim,格言,;,戒律,e.g.:Example is better than percept.(,言教不如身教,),21,.,Para.4:,8.transcend(vt.):surpass;go beyond,超越,;,胜过,9.virtue(U):moral goodness,美德,10.utter the truth for truths sake,为讲实话而讲实话,11.Translate the sentence into Chinese.,正如一位内科医生写到：“我们这个职业传统上恪守一个信条，那就是：尽量不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德”。,22,.,Para.5:,1.be armed with:be equipped with,以,装备,e.g.:a warship armed with(equipped with)nuclear weapons,2.slip into:fall into;enter(esp.through carelessness),不知不觉地陷入,(,某种状态,习惯等,),He slipped into the bad habit again.,他不知不觉地又开始了那种坏习惯,.,3.deceptive(=deceiving or misleading)practices,骗人的做法,4.prescribe(v.),开药方,5.warrant(v.):guarantee,保证,The sellers warrant these eggs(to be)free from bird-flu.,23,.,6.distort(vt.):give a false or misleading account of,歪曲,You have distorted what I said.,7.grave(adj.):serious,8.incurable:in+(cure+able),the incurable:person who cannot be cured,9.Translate the sentence into Chinese.,他们可能开出无数贴安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的话为病人打气，歪曲严重的病情，对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡的病人，则尤其如此。,24,.,Task for you:,Try to answer the questions:,What do studies on doctors benevolent deception show?,What harm may denial of information do to patients?,Do all doctors and nurses believe in benevolent deception?,25,.,After Reading_,4,Review,1)Doctors reasons for telling lies,Lies may benefit,Lies may help speed,Such lies differ,The seriously ill dont want to know,Telling them the truth risks,After learning the truth of their condition,patients may more slowly or faster,perhaps even,will“do no harm”and may well help their patients.,1.Lets find out the reasons why some doctors tell lies to their seriously ill patients.,the patient,_.,recovery,_.,sharply from self-serving ones,_.,the truth about their condition,_.,destroying their hope,_.,recover,_,deteriorate,_,commit suicideDeceptive practices,_,26,.,Q:What other harm may lies to patients do?,Try to translate the sentence“the suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients.”,27,.,Evidence is now being provided that it is that lies can be helpful.,Studies show that an overwhelming majority of do want to be told the truth and that they feel betrayed when they learn that they have been kept,Truthful information,helps patients illness.It helps them better,need less medicine,and even after surgery.,Lies invade the and render them make informed choices concerning their own health.Dying patients who are lied to about their condition cant,Lies also do harm to doctors and their,Lies also those doctors who are,Lies the entire,The authors reasons why patients should be told the truth,untrue,_,patients,_,in the dark,_.,humanely conveyed,_,cope with,_,tolerate pain,_,recover faster,_,autonomy of patients,_,unable to,_,make decisions about the end of life,_.,integrity,_,credibility,_.,hurt,_,honest with their patients,_.,injure,_,medical profession,_.,Group Presentation,Divide the class into groups.Go over the second part of the text and look for the authors reasons why patients should be told the truth.,28,.,Blank Filling,Sharp conflicts are now arising.Patients are learning to answers from doctors and they require that they should be informed about for treatment.Though most doctors to provide true information to their patients,some are still trying practices.It is especially difficult for nurses to on this issue because they feel,The author asks for an open about this issue not only in medicine but also in other .Many doctors have to avoid the serious through deception.Eventually lies will spread and trust.So the public should be professional deception.,Listen to the following paragraph from the text and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.,Directions:,press for,_,alternatives,_,go to great lengths,_,age-old,_,take a stand,_,powerless,_.,debate,_,professions,_,erode,_,wary of,_,consequences,_,29,.,Para.10,sharp conflicts,尖锐的,/剧烈的冲突,2.arise(vi.):appear;happen;come into existence,e.g.:The question arises as to whether we should go or not.,3.press(v.):,press for answer,催促答复,be pressed for time,时间紧张,4.patients bills of rights,病人人权法案,5.Pattern,句型,:require/demand+that clause(,用,should,或省略,),e.g.:The situation required that heshould)stay here.,6.alternative:a choice between two or more things,选择,e.g.:There are three alternatives for his treatment and most doctors are for the first one.,30,.,7.in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights,在对病人的权益考虑得最周到的医院里,8.Pattern,句型,:refrain(vi.)from doing sth.:keep oneself from;avoid,You must refrain from eating too much.,He could hardly refrain from laughing on hearing my joke.,9.object(vi.):be opposed;feel dislike,object to sth./doing sth.=be against,10.resent doing:feel angry at doing,因,而气愤,e.g.:I resented being insulted.,11.take a stand:declare ones opinion or attitude表明态度,e.g.:I think everyone should take a stand on such an issue.,31,.,Para.11,Pattern:There is an urgent need to do,sth,.,急需做某事,2.debate(=discuss formally),sth,.openly(=publicly),公开辩论某事,e.g.:The United Nations Security Council will debate the issue tomorrow.,联合国安理会,3.find oneself in difficulty,发现自己处于困境,4.be wary of/about:be cautious of,对,保持警惕,/,谨慎小心,5.root(v.),使,(,植物,),生根,be deeply rooted,根深蒂固,6.erode(,vt,.):wear away;eat into,腐蚀,erode,trust,有损信誉,32,.,7.saying(n.):saying and doing,言行,a wise saying,金玉良言,the old saying,俗话,e.g.:As the saying goes,“time and tide wait for no man.”,常言道,:“,岁月不待人”,The old saying,“What you dont know cant hurt you.”,俗话道,:“,不知者,不为所害”,33,.,EXERCISE&ASSIGNMENT,34,.,