人教版七年级英语语法总结.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,七年级语法总复习,A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.,一只老虎将领带系紧，清洁它的尾巴。,Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasntthethoughtIthoughtIthought.Ifthethought,IthoughtIthoughthadbeenthethoughtIthought,Iwouldnthavethoughtsomuch.,我有一种想法，,但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。,如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，,我就不会想那么多了。,我有一种想法，但是我的这种想法不是我曾经想到的那种想法。如果这种想法是我曾经想到的想法，我就不会想那么多了。,I thought a thought.But the thought wasnt the thought I thought I thought.If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought,I wouldnt have thought so much.,while we were walking,we were watching window washers wash washingtons windows with warm washing water.,当我们走路时，我们看着清洁窗户的人用暖水清洗华盛顿的窗户,1,、目前所学的动词的形式有,4,种：,动词原形,；如：,do;have;like,动词的单三式,（常在动词原形后加,s,）；如：,get-gets,动词不定式,（,to+,动词原形）；如：,meet-to meet,动词,ing,式,（动词原形后加,ing,）如：,look-looking,2,、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like+to+,动词原形,?,（你想要,吗？）,How about+,动词,ing?,（,怎么样？,好不好？）,What about+,动词,ing?,（,怎么样？,好不好？）,Why not+,动词原形,?,（为什么不,呢？）,Why dont you+,动词原形？,（你为什么不,呢？）,Lets +,动词原形,.,（让我们,吧。）,表示同意、答应：,Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.,All right/OK.,Great!Sure.,Good idea!,Thanks.Ill be glad to,Thanks.That would be very nice.,Id like that.,表示不同意、拒绝,：,No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.,Id like to.But Im afraid I cant,/I have no time.,3,、,目前学过的情态动词有,can,may,could,would,和,will,等五个。,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法：,后必须跟,动词原形,；,没有,三单式（其后,不能加,s,）；,可以把,情态动词,提到,句首构成,疑问句,；,可以在,情态动词后面,加上,not,构成,否定句,4,、,目前学过的后跟,动词不定式（,to+,动词原形）,的有：,would like to+,动词原形（想要做某事）,;,want to+,动词原形（想要做某事）,;,forget to+,动词原形（忘记要做某事）,;,like to+,动词原形（喜欢做某事）,love to+,动词原形（喜欢做某事）,ask sb.to+,动词原形,.,tell sb.to+,动词原形,.,would like sb.to+,动词原形,.,want sb.to+,动词原形,.,（想叫某人做某事）,have to+,动词原形（必须,/,不得不做某事）,Nice/Glad/happy to+,动词原形（很高兴做某事）,如,：,Nice to meet you.,Im glad to be here.,5,、,目前学过的后跟,动词原形,的有：,情态动词,：,can,may,could,would,will,后,助动词,do,dont,does,doesnt,后,（,does,doesnt,一出现，三单式要滚蛋）；,动词,please,(,请,),后：如：,Please,tell,him about the picnic.,短语,Why not/,Why dont you,后；,动词,let,后,；如：,Let Jane,help,you.Lets,go,home.,动词,help,后,，也可带,to;,如：,Lets help Maria(to)carry water.,祈使句以动词原形开头,如：,Have a seat,please.,请坐下。,6,、,目前学过的后跟,动词,ing,的有：,Be,动词后的动词,；如：,Are,you kidding?I,m,just looking.,This,is,Michael speaking.,所有的介词后；,已学过的介词有,:at,for,about,in,on,from,of,to,with,after,等。,What,about,+,动词,ing?,What,about,flying a kite with me?,Its time,for,going home,=Its time to go home.,Thank you,for,helping me,=Thank you for your help.,go+,动词,ing,go fishing,去钓鱼,;go shopping,去购物,do some shopping,购物,like/love+,动词,ing,（喜欢做某事）,7,、,有单复数变化的词,名词,(1),名词,单数变复数,的方法,1),大部分在词尾加,s,.,如：,dog-dogs,2),以,-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾的,es.,如：,class-classes bus-buses,glass-glasses box-boxes,watch-watches(,手表,),fish-fishes,3),以,“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾的，变,y,为,i,，加,es.,baby-babies(,婴儿,),family-families(,家庭,),注意,：,boy-boys,play-plays toy-toys way-ways,4),以,f,fe,结尾的，变,f,fe,为,v,加,es.,half-halves(,一半,),knife-knives(,小刀,),yourself(,你自己,)-yourselves(,你们自己,),2),特殊变化的词,1)a,变,e:,manmen(,男子,),womanwomen(,女子,),snowman-snowmen(,雪人,),Englishman-Englishmen(,英国人,),2)o,变,e,：,foot-feet(,脚,)tooth-teeth(,牙齿,),3),单复数同形,：,Chinese-Chinese(,中国人,),fish-fish(,鱼,),yuan-yuan(,人民币元,),6),集体名词,，以,单数形式,出现，但实为,复数,例如：,people,（人们）,police,（警察们）本身就是复数，,family,指,“,全家人,”,时，本身也是复数，它们都,不能加,s.,如,：,The Chinese,people,are,very kind.,中国人民都 很友好。,Kangkangs,family,are,all tall and thin.,康康全家人都又高又瘦。,4),mousemice(,老鼠,),childchild,ren,(,儿童,),5),合成词中一般变后面的词：,apple tree-apple tree,s,(,苹果树,),但下列需前后都变,：,man,teacher-men teachers,woman,doctor-women doctors,be,动词：,单数,am,is,；,复数,are,行为动词,：,复数,：动词原形,单数,：在行为动词后加,s,或,es,（即动词的三单式）。,如,:Maria,likes,milk.,（,likes,是三单式，为单数）,Maria and Jane,like,milk.,（,like,是动词原形，为复数）,本块习题,:,用所给词的正确形式填空,1,、,I _(have)a soccer ball.,2,、,She _(have)two ping-pong balls.,3,、,He _(play)sports every day.,4,、,We _(speak)English.,5,、,Tom _(call)Jim every day.,6,、,My daughter _(like)apples.,7,、,His friend_,（,know,）,English.,8,、,The girl _ (study)English sometimes.,9,、,The boy often _,（,watch,）,TV.,10,、,Her uncle _(go)home on foot,plays,has,have,speak,calls,likes,knows,studies,watches,goes,(2),、在下面的短文中填上恰当,be,动词。,I _ a girl.My name _ Mary.,I _ 12 years old.,Here _ my family photo.,Look!These _ my parents and those _ my grandparents.,This boy _ my brother.,He _ 15 years old now.,That _ my cat,Mimi.,It _ very lovely.,am,is,am,is,are,are,is,is,is,is,指示代词,单数：,this,这个,that,那个,复数：,these,这些,those,那些,指示代词,this,that,these,those,作,主语,一般疑问句的简略回答,:,Is this/that your aunt?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.,简略回答时,用主格代词,it,代替,（,2,）、,Are these/those your uncles?Yes,they are.No,they arent.,简略回答时,用主格代词,they,代替,单句变复句,把句子中单数词变成复数词。,1,、,This is my friend._,_ _,_my _,2,、,That is his parent._,_ _,_his _,3,、,She is her cousin._,_ _,_her _,These,are,friends,They,are,cousins,parents,Those,are,.,用所给的词选择填空,1,、,These are pens and _ are pencils.,(that,this,those),2,、,Tom was sick yesterday._ is why he missed school.(That,Those,These),3,、,Which of,_ shirts are Toms(These,this,that),4,、,This desk is mine,_ is hers.(those,this,that),5,、,The map of Beijing is better than _,of,Tianjing,.(this,that,these).,those,That,these,that,that,8,名词,s,所有格,单数名词后直接加,“,s”,：,Jims coat,吉姆的外套,Jeffs mother,杰夫的妈妈,以,s,结尾的复数名词，只加,“,”,Teachers Day,教师节,the twins books,双胞胎的书,不以,s,结尾的不规则的名词复数，加,“,s”,Childrens Day,儿童节,mens shoes,男式鞋,表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加,s,Lucy and Lilys mother,露茜和莉莉的妈妈,(,共同的妈妈，一个妈妈,),表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加,sLucys and Kates rooms,露茜和凯特,的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）,四、按中文意思填空,1._(,李明的,)parents work in a big hospital.,2.This is _ (,我妹妹的,)Chinese book.,3._,(,我的姐姐和弟弟的,)rooms are very nice.,4._ (,王平和王明的,)father is a hotel manager.,5.Is this _(,你的好朋友的,)pen?,6.They are_,(Peter,和,Sam,的,)teachers.,Li Mings,My sisters and my brothers,my sisters,Wang Ping and Wang Mings,your good friends,Peter and Sams,1,There is a letter for_(her,、,hers)mother.2,That is _(she)coat.The coat is red._(it)is a new one.3,Whose pens are these?_(their)are _(we).4,Give _(he)a toy,please.5,_(we)eyes are black.6,Tim and Bill are twins._(them)parents are teachers.7,Give the book to _(I).,Our,him,ours,They,It,her,her,me,Their,8,These books are _(we).9,That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)10,The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)11,Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)12,_ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he),his,His,He,mine,your,her,hers,mine,ours,my,一代词,人,称,代,词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,单数,复数,单数,复数,主格,I,we,you,you,she he it,they,宾格,me,us,you,you,her him it,them,物,主,代,词,形物代,my,our,your,your,her his its,their,名物代,1,、人称代词和物主代词,mine,ours,yours,yours,hers his its,theirs,人称代词,主格,：作主语，常放在句首；,人称代词,宾格,：作宾语，放在动词和介词后；,形容词性物主代词：后有名词时，用形容词性；（,有名则形,）,名词性物主代词：后无名词时，用名词性。（,无名则名,）,一、写出下列词的复数形式,am_ is_ he _,she _ it _ that_,this_ you_ pen_,desk_ key_ orange_,boy_ friend_ parent_,class _ child_ shelf _,bed _ radio_ photo_,tomato_ woman _ man _,strawberry _ dictionary _,box watch,are,are,they,they,those,these,you,pens,desks,keys,oranges,boys,friends,parents,they,boxes,classes,children,shelves,beds,radios,photos,tomatoes,women,men,strawberries,dictionaries,watches,7._(,教师节,)is on September 10,th,.,8._(,学生们的,)desks and chairs are very new.,9._(,赵敏的,)shoes are white.,10._(John,和,Sally,的,)mothers are American.11._(Tony,哥哥的,)computer is broken.,12,、,Its _(,妇女节,)on March 8th.,Teachers Day,The students,Zhao Mins,Johns and Sallys,Tonys,brothers,Womens Day,12,、冠词,只有不定冠词,a(an),和定冠词,the,两个，不用冠词叫零冠词。,1,、不定冠词,a,和,an,：,a,用在,辅音,前，如,a pen a chair an,用在,元音,前。,an old teacher,an English book,注意,:,辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：,F H L M N S X,这七个字母的第一个音是元音在说一个以上字母时要用,an,如,an“F,”(,一个,F),同时注意字母,U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个,U,，应为,a“U,”,2,、定冠词,the,：,当一个名词第二次出现时前面用,the,。,注意,:,在三餐饭（,breakfast,、,lunch,、,dinner,）前不用,the,月份,和,星期,前都不用,the,体育活动的球类运动,前面不用,the,。如,:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketballplay tennis(volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball),10.,句子的成分,主语,：是句子要,说明的人和物,，是动作的发出者，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。主语由名词,代词担任。,谓语,：,说明主语的动作,。只有,动词,才作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,宾语,：是,动作的接受者,。放在动词或介词后。由名词,代词担任。,Michael,often,looks after,his sister,at home on Sunday,.,11.,三单问题,总则：主语是,第三人称单数,时，,动词（谓语）要用三单式,。,如：,He get,s,up at six,。,由于主语,He,是第三人称单数，动词,get,后要,s,即,gets,是三单式。,可以作第三人称单数主语（三单主语）的有：,(1)he,she,it;(2),单个的人；单个的物。,动词三单式的构成,(1),特殊的：,beis havehas,(2),有规律的：,1),大部分在词尾加,s;,如：,getgets take-takes need,needs knowknows,2),以,s,x,ch,sh,o,结尾的加,es;,如：,guessguesses(,猜,)watch-watches(,看,)teachteaches(,教,)fish,fishes(,钓鱼,)go,goes(,去,)do,does,3),以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾的,变,y,为,i,，加,es.,如：,studystudies(,学习,)flyflies(,飞，放,),carrycarries(,提,)worryworries(,担心,),注意,：,buy,buys say,says,play,plays,3,、如单数可数名词前有,this,、,that,、,my,等代词修饰时，则不再使用,a,或,an,。,意思,用法,例句,who,谁,问人的身份，姓名等,He is,LiLie,Who,is he?,He is,my brother.,Who,is he?,12.,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词的用法,意思,用法,例句,who,谁,问人的身份，姓名等,He is,LiLie,Who,is he?,He is,my brother.,Who,is he?,whom,谁,问人的身份，姓名等,(,问宾语）,I can ask,him,the question.,Whom,can you ask the question?,what,什么,问人的职业或事物是什么,He is,a,w,orker.,What,is he?,He has,a book,.,What,does he have?,which,哪一个,问一定范围内特指的人或物,The,big,box is mine.,Which,box is yours?,The girl,at the door,is Ann.,Which,girl is Ann?,whose,谁的,问所属关系,This is,her,book.,Whose,book,is this?,This book is,hers,.,what color,什么颜色,问颜色（表语）,My skirt is,red,.,What color,is your skirt?,What time,几点,问点时间,We play games,at five,in the afternoon?,What time,do you play games?,when,什么时候,问时间,We play games,in the afternoon,?,When,do you play games?,where,什么地方,问地点（状语）,We play games,at home,on Sunday,。,Where,do you play games on Sunday?,why,为什么,问原因,He isnt at school today,because he is ill,.,Why,isnt he at school today?,how,怎样,问健康状况、,做事的方式等,He is,fine/strong,.,How,is he?,I go home,by bike,.,How,do you go home?,how old多大几岁,问年龄,He is,ten.,How old,is he?,how many,多少,跟复数名词，,问数量,There are,thirty,boys,in my class.,How many,boys,are there in your class?,how much,多少,跟不可数名词,问数量或价钱,There is,some,milk,in the bottle.,How much,milk,is there in the bottle?,how far,多远,问路程,Its,five kilometers away,from here,How far,is it from here?,how soon,多久,问,in+,一段时间,He can finish it,in half an hour.,How soon,can he finish it?,how long,多久,问一段时间，,问物体的长短,He has lived here,for a year.,How long,has he lived here?,The desk is,one meters,long.,How long,is the desk?,how often,多久,（一次）,问频率,I go to see my parents,once a month,.,How often,do you go to see your parents?,对画线部分提问，除了要注意选择正确的疑问词外，还要注意语序的运用。,对句子的,主语,提问，其语序是：,She,is,their teacher.,主语,谓语,Who,is,their teacher?,主语,谓语,疑问词,+,谓语,+,其他成分？,（整个句子是陈述句语序）,2,、对句子主语的,定语,部分提问，其语序是：,疑问词,+,主语（即定语所修饰的名词）,+,谓语,+,其他成分？,（整个句子是陈述句语序）,My,book is over there.,Whose,book is over there?,主语的定语,主语,疑问词,以上两点方法都是,：,用正确的疑问词代替画线部分，再把句号改为问号，其余部分一般不做改变,3,对,表语或宾语,的定语,部分,提问，,其语序是：,疑问词,+,表语或宾语,（画线部分所修饰的名词）,+,一般疑问句,（省略画线部分和它所修饰的名词）,Im looking for,my,watch.,Whose,watch,are you looking for?,宾语的定语,一般疑问句,(,省略掉,my watch),4,、对,表语、宾语或状语,提问，其语序是：,疑问词,+,一般疑问句,（省略掉画线部分）,？,He lives,in Beijing,.,Where,does he live?,疑问词,一般疑问句,（省略掉画线部分,in Beijing,）,状语,5,、对,谓语和宾语,提问，其语序是：,疑问词,(What)+,一般疑问句,（其中谓语动词要用,do,的相对应形式,代替,省略掉宾语,),He,watches TV,in the evening,What,does,he,do,in the evening?,He,watched TV,yesterday evening.,What,did,he,do,in the evening?,He,is watching TV,now.,What,is,he,doing,now?,就划线部分提问练习,1,、,My name is,Gina.,name?,2,、,Im,fine.,you?,3.Its an orange.,in English?,4.My bag is red.,is your bag?,5.This is,“V”.,in English?,Whats,your,How,are,Whats,it,What,color,Whats,this,11.Theyre,on the floor.,they?,12.The baseball is,on the sofa,.,the baseball?,13.The keys are,in the drawer.,the keys?,14.I want,a sweater,.,you15.These socks are,two dollars,.,these socks?,Where,are,Where,is,Where,are,What,do,want,How,much,are,16.-,Blue,.,do you want?,17.The T-shirt is,seven dollars,the T-shirt?,18.My birthday is,October tenth.,birthday?,19.Her birthday is,June 8th,.,birthday?,20.Im,thirteen.,you?,What,color,How,much,isWhens,your,your,Whens,How,are,old,21.Its,Monday,today,is,today?,22.My school day is,on October 18th,.,school day?,23.Its,August 8th.,the date?,24.My favorite subject is,Chinese,.,favorite subject?,25.Her favorite subject is,English.,favorite subject?,What,day,it,Whens,your,What,is,Whats,your,Whats,your,26.I like P.E.,because its fun.,you like P.E?,27.My music teacher is,Miss,Xie,.,music teacher?,28.His favorite sport is,basketball,.,favorite sport?,29.I have,rice and chicken,.,you,for lunch?,30.He likes,P.E,.best.,he,best?,Why,do,Whos,your,Whats,his,What,do,have,What,subject,like,14.,数,词,（一）、基数词,注意,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,eighteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,one hundred/thousand,等词的拼写。,具体用法如：,Lesson,Twelve,Class,Two,Grade,Eight,The No.,45,bus,Channel,Five,Room,302,the No.,2,middle School,a,five-year-old,daughter,注意,1,、,“,前有，后无；前无,，后有,”,即,two hundred books,，,hundreds of books,2,、如eight-year-old,的词后面要加名词,3,、,“,在某人几十岁时,”,用,in ones+,整十的复数,如：,in her fifties,in their thirties,（三）、,分数的表达：,分子用,基数词,，分母用,序数词,；分子大于一，分母加,s,，分子和分母之间一般用连字号。,数，,小数和百分比：,如,:,3/5,读作,1/3,读作,0,78,读作,7.45,读作,45%,读作,67%,读作,three-fifths,one-third,zero point seven eight,seven point four five,Forty-five percent,sixty-seven percent,4,、表示,“,多高、多宽、多长、多深，年龄少大、距离多远,”,时，用,“,数量,+,单位,+,形容词,”,如：,two months old,twenty meters deep,（二）、序数词,注意,first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,twenty-first,ninety-ninth,one hundredth,等词的拼写。,具体用法如：,the,Twelfth,lesson,June,5,th,the,Second,World War,on his,twentieth,birthday.,注意,：分数表示,1/2,，,可以用,a/one half,表示；分数,1/4,，,3/4,也可以用,quarter,表示。如：,1/4,读作,one-fourth or a quarter,3/4,读作,three-fourths or three quarters,Half of the students live in the school on weekdays.(,习惯上省略,a),（四）、时间和钟点,7,：,15,读作,/,7,：,30,读作,7,：,35,读作,8,：,03,读作,注意,：如果分钟不是,5,的倍数，,minute,不能省略。,seven fifteen,a quarter past seven,seven thirty/half past seven,seven thirty-five/twenty-five(minutes)to eight,three minutes past eight,（五）、日期和年份,on March 8,读作,on 8,th,of March,读作,in 1998,读作,in 2008,读作,on march the eighth,on the eighth of March,nineteen ninety-eight,in two thousand and eight,数词练习,1,、,Mr,Green has _ (two)daughters .,2,、,Kate is,Mr,Greens _(one)daughter.,3,、,There are _ (twelve)months in a year.,4,、,March is the _ (three)month of a year.,5,、,They have _ (twenty)computers.,6,、,I can afford _(eight)sweaters.,7,、,Mr,Greens _(nine)store is very big.,two,first,twelve,third,twenty,eight,ninth,8,、How old is your friend?,-She is,(12)years old.,9,、,-How old is her father?,-He is,(30)years old.,10.January the,month of a year.,11,、,February the,month of a year.,12,、,April the,month of a year.,13,、,May the,month of a year.,14,、,August the,month of a year.,15,、,December the,month of a year.,twelve,thirty,first,second,fourth,fifth,eighth,twelfth,15.,介词,（一）表示,时间的介词,的用法：,1.,at,on,in,（,1,）,at,在句中用在钟点之前。意为,“,在,.,点钟,”,如：,at six,在,6,点,（,2,）,at,用在固定短语中。如：,at noon,在中午；,at this time of year,一年这个时候,（,3,）,on,常用于表示,具体的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短语中,。,如：,on the morning of June,在,6,月,5,日的早上,（,4,）,on,用在,星期,前。,如：