三相异步电动机的制动控制线路课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,课题六 三相异步电动机的制动控制线路,所谓制动，就是给电动机一个与,转动方向相反的转矩使它迅速停转,（或限制其转速）。制动的方法一般,有两类：机械制动和电力制动。,.,一、机械制动,当电动机的定子绕组断电后，利,用机械装置使电动机立即停转。,机械制动,.,电磁抱闸制动器,MZD1系列交流单相制动电磁铁 TJ2系列闸瓦制动器,.,1线圈 2衔铁 3铁心 4弹簧,5闸轮 6杠杆 7闸瓦 8轴,电磁抱闸制动器结构示意图,.,电磁抱闸制动器工作原理示意图,1弹簧 2衔铁 3线圈 4铁心,5闸轮 6闸瓦 7杠杆,电源,.,TJ2,系列闸瓦制动器与,MZD1,系列交流制动电磁铁的配用,表,制动器型号,制动力矩（,Nm）,闸瓦退距（,mm,）,正常,/,最大,调整杆行程（,mm,）,开始,/,最大,电磁铁,型号,电磁铁转矩（,Nm）,通电持续率为,25,或,40,通电持续率为,100,通电持续率为,25,或,40,通电持续率为,100,TJ2-100,TJ2-200/100,TJ2-200,TJ2-300/200,TJ2-300,20,40,160,240,500,10,20,80,120,200,0.4/0.6,0.4/0.6,0.5/0.8,0.5/0.8,0.7/1,2/3,2/3,2.5/3.8,2.5/3.8,3/4.4,MZD1-100,MZD1-200,MZD1-200,MZD1-200,MZD1-300,5.5,5.5,40,40,100,3,3,20,20,40,.,例：,MZD1-100,MZD1-200,电磁铁和制动器的型号,.,电磁铁和制动器的型号,例：,TJ2-100,TJ2-200/100,.,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,KH,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KH,M,3,.,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,合上电源开关QS,KH,KH,M,3,.,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,按下SB2,KM线圈得电,KH,KH,M,3,.,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB2,电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使抱闸的闸瓦与闸轮分开,KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动运行,KH,KH,M,3,.,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,停:,按SB1，接触器KM失电释放,电磁抱闸线圈YB也失电，在弹簧的作用下，闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,KH,KH,M,3,.,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,YB,QS,KM1,KH,M,3,KM2,KM2,KM1,电路组成分析,.,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,合上电源开关QS,KM2,KH,KH,M,3,FU2,YB,KM2,.,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,按下SB1,KM1线圈得电,KM2,KH,KH,M,3,FU2,YB,KM2,.,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1,KM1联锁触头断开，KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动运行,电磁抱闸线圈YB不得电,KM2,KH,KH,M,3,YB,KM2,FU2,.,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,停,：,按下SB2,KM1线圈失电释放,KM2线圈得电，,KM2主触头闭合,电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,KH,KH,M,3,YB,FU2,.,二、电力制动,电动机产生一个和电动机实际旋转方向相反的电磁转矩，使电动机迅速停转。,.,一）反接制动,.反接制动原理,在停车时，把电动机反接，则其定子旋转磁场便反向旋转，在转子上产生的电磁转矩亦随之变为反向，成为制动转矩。,反接制动,.,单向启动反接制动控制,M,3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,合上电源,开关QS,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KM2,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,按下SB1,KM1线圈得电,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KS,KM2,KS,n,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1,KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动，运行,在转速高到一定值时，KS闭合,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,n,停：,按下SB2,KM1失电释放,KM2线圈得电，KM2主触头闭合，电动机串联电阻反接，反接制动,KM2自锁触头闭合,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,n,停：,松开SB2,继续反接制动,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KS,.,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,n,KM2,KS,当转速降低到一定值时，KS断开,KM2线圈失电，各触头复位,M,3,KM1,KH,KM2,KH,KM1,KS,.,（二）能耗制动,电动机切断交流电源后，立即在定子线组的任意两相中通入直流电，利用转子感应电流受静止磁场的作用以达到制动目的。,.,M,3,L1L2L3,KM1,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KH,KM1,KT,KM2,V,U,W,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,电路组成分析,定子绕组直流电通路,KM2,V,.,KM2,L3,N,V,定子绕组直流电通路,.,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,合上电源开关QS,按下SB1,KM1线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M,3,KH,KH,V,U,W,.,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合,KM1主触头闭合,KM1联锁触头分断,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M,3,KH,KH,V,U,W,.,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,按下SB2,KM1线圈失电,KM1自锁触头分断,KM1主触头分断,KM1联锁触头闭合,KM2线圈得电,KT线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路M,3,KH,KH,V,U,W,.,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM2自锁触头闭合,KM2主触头分断闭合,电动机半波能耗制动,KM2联锁触头分断,KT瞬时闭合触头闭合,松开SB2,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,V,M,3,KH,KH,V,U,W,.,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KT延时断开触头延时分断,KM2线圈失电,KT线圈失电,各触头复位,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M,3,KH,KH,V,U,W,.,FU2,KH,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,M,3,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,KH,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,电路组成分析,.,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,合上电源开关QS,按下SB1,KM1线圈得电,KH,M,3,KH,.,FU2,SB1KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM1自锁触头闭合,KM1主触头闭合,KM1联锁触头分断,松开SB1,KH,M,3,KH,.,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,按下SB1,KM1线圈失电,KM1自锁触头分断,KM1主触头分断,KM1联锁触头闭合,KM2线圈得电,KT线圈得电,KH,M,3,KH,.,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM2自锁触头闭合,KM2主触头分断闭合,电动机半波能耗制动,KM2联锁触头分断,KT瞬时闭合触头闭合,松开SB1,KH,M,3,KH,.,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KT延时断开触头延时分断,KM2线圈失电,KT线圈失电,各触头复位,KH,M,3,KH,.,（三）电容制动,当电动机切断交流电源后，立即在电,动机定子绕组的出线端接入电容器来迫使,电动机迅速停转的方法叫电容制动。,.,电容制动原理,当旋转着的电动机断开交流电源时，转子内仍,有剩磁。随着转子的惯性转动，形成一个随转子转,动的旋转磁场。该磁场切割定子绕组产生感生电动,势，并通过电容器回路形成感生电流，这个电流产,生的磁场与转子绕组中的感生电流相互作用，产生,一个与旋转方向相反的制动力矩，使电动机受制动,迅速停转。,.,电容制动,M,3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,KH,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,KH,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,电路组成分析,KT,KT,KM2,.,合上电源开关QS,按下SB,KM1线圈得电,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,M,3,KH,KH,.,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合,KM1主触头闭合,KM1联锁触头分断,KM1辅助触头闭合,KT线圈得电,KT瞬时闭合延时断开触头闭合,松开SB1,M,3,KH,KH,.,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,按下SB2,KM1线圈失电,KM1联锁触头闭合,KM2线圈得电,KM2主触头闭合,KM2联锁触头分断,电容制动开始,KT,KT,KM2,M,3,KH,KH,.,电容制动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM1,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,R,KM1,KT瞬时闭合延时断开触头延时分断,KM2线圈失电,各触头复位,电容制动结束,KT,KT,KM2,M,3,KH,KH,.,(四)再生发电制动,当起重机在高处开始下放重物时，电动机,转速,n,小于同步转速,n,1,，这时电动机处于电动,运行状态，转子相对于旋转磁场切割磁感线的,运动方向发生了改变，其转子电流和电磁转矩,的方向都与电动运行时相反。,.,再生发电制动原理,.,