大学英语四级翻译辅导.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,四级翻译,Translation 1,5,%,中译英翻译,段落：,140-160,字,题材：中国历史、文化、经济和社会发展,难度：改革前,0.89,，改革后,0.95,翻译评分标准,本题成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分,13-15分：,译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错,10-12分：,译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯无重大语言错误,7-9分：,译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误,4-6分：,译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误,1-3分：,译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思,0分：,未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关,汉译英,动词时态,名词单复数,句子主语！,长定语处理,状语位置,长句处理(拆分；处理为从句等),积累专题词汇和表达,Index,2013.06木版年画,2012.12中秋节,2012.06刺绣,茶,网络购物,京剧,丝绸之路,2013.12样卷,剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional,folk arts,.Chinese paper,cutting,has a history of,more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during,the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often,beautify,their homes with paper cuttings.,During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are,used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to,enhance the joyous,atmosphere,.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which,symbolize,s,health and,prosperity,.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is,often given as a present to foreign friends.,2013.06,木版年画,(wood engraving picture),是一种传统民间艺术，是,自雕版印刷术,(block printing),发明以后至近代印刷术出现之前,最富特色的图画传播形式，至今仍在民间流传,。挂木版年画是,春节一系列庆祝活动的,一项重要内容。它来源于中国古代的门神，其题材及其广泛。作为独特的民间艺术，木版年画的艺术表现力与众不同。在创作上，木版年画,不受时间和空间的限制,。在技法上，木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线,(sketching),技法。,状语处理,长句处理,长定语处理,隐含的被动关系,主语省略,Typical Mistakes,它来源于,中国古代的,门神，其题材及其广泛。,It came from the ancient Chinese Door Gods and the topics are very wide.,Comment:,andis properly added;expression;order,Key:,It originated from the Door Gods in ancient China,and covers a wide range of subjects/topics.,Skill:,长定语处理；加连词,Typical Mistakes,作为独特的民间艺术，木版年画的艺术表现力,与众不同,。,As a unique folk art,the artistic expression of wood engraving picture is very different.,Comment:,clever but over-simplified,Key:,As a unique folk art,the artistic expression of wood engraving picture is outstanding./.stands out in its artistic expression.,Skill:,地道表达,Typical Mistakes,在创作上，木版年画,不受时间和空间的限制,。,In creation,the time and space cant limit the wood engraving picture.,Comment:,better use a passive voiceKey:,In its(artistic)creation,wood engraving picture,is not limited by,time and space./is free from the limitation of.,Skill:,隐含被动关系,Typical Mistakes,在技法上，木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线技法。,As for the painting techinque,wood engraving picture inherits Chinese traditional sketching skills.,Comment:,tense,Key:,As for the painting techinque,wood engraving picture has inherited Chinese traditional sketching skills.,Skill:,隐含时态,Useful Expressions,民间艺术:,folk art,民间故事:,folk tale,起源于:,originate from.,古代的:,ancient,艺术表现力:,artistic expression,在.上/在.方面:,concerning/with regard to/as for/in terms of,For more:,风俗习惯:,customs当代的:,contemporary,增加喜庆气氛:,enhance the joyous,atmosphere,朝代:,dynasty,有(.)年历史:,has a history of(1500 years),象征:,symbolize,v.,预测卷（一）,中国素有,“,茶的故乡,”,之称，是世界上,最早种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的,国家。,茶的发现和利用,是中国人对人类文化史的一大贡献。几千年来，中国人品茶的热情始终未减，因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。茶,在中国人的社会和感情生活中,都有着重要的作用。客来敬茶是中国较为普遍的习俗，不只是处于对客人的礼貌，而且也是一种亲近,(togetherness),的象征和快乐的分享。,主语处理,长定语处理,状语的位置,Typical Mistakes,中国,素有,“,茶的故乡,”,之称,，是世界上最早,种植茶、制作茶、饮用茶的,国家。,China known as the hometown of tea,is the world earliest planting tea,making tea,drinking tea.,Comment:,Chinglish;lack the subject;lack of logic and order,Key:,China,is well known as,the homeland of tea.It is the,first,country to grow,produce and drink tea.,Skill:,拆句法；加主语；定语后置,Typical Mistakes,茶的,发现和利用,是,中国人对人类文化史的,一大贡献。,Teas discover and make is a great contribution to the history of human culture.,Comment:,syntactical form of words;order,Key:,The discovery and consumption of tea is a great contribution to the history of human culture.,Skill:,动词转名词；定语后置,Typical Mistakes,几千年来,，中国人品茶的,热情始终未减,，因为茶是有益于健康的天然饮品。,For thousands of years,Chines people like drinking tea very much,because tea is a healthy natural drink.,.are crazy about drinking tea.,Comment:,clever but over simplified,Key:,For thousands of years,Chines,e,people have an untiring zeal for tea,because tea is a healthful natural drink.,Skill:,地道表达；,中文隐藏时态,Typical Mistakes,茶,在中国人的社会和情感生活中,都有重要的作用。,Tea in the Chinese peoples social and emotional life plays an important role.,Comment:,Chinglish syntactical order,Key:,Tea plays an important role in Chinese peoples social and emotional life.,Skill:,中英表达差异，英文状语(时间、地点、方式)后置,Typical Mistakes,客来敬茶,是中国较为普遍的习俗。,If a guest comes to your home,you should serve a cup of tea.,Comment:,over simplified;subject,Key:,Serving a cup of tea,to the guest is a common practice in China.,To serve a cup of tea,./,It is,a common practice to serve.,Skill:,主语处理,Typical Mistakes,不只是出于对客人的礼貌，而且也是一种亲近的象征和快乐的分享。,.not only out of politeness,but also a symbol of togetherness and sharing of happiness.,Comment:,well translated,but the structure is not balanced,Key:,it is,not only out of politeness,but also is,a symbol of,togetherness and,a way of,sharing happiness.,Skill:,加主语；结构平衡,Useful Expressions,素有.之称:,is(well)known as.,最早.的国家:,is the first country to.,对.的贡献:,(make)a great contribution to.,情感生活:,emotional life,普遍习俗:,a common practice/custom/tradition,For more:,中国是.的发源地:,.originated in China,追溯到:,date back to.,古代的:,ancient,纪念.:,commemorate,v.,The Dragon Boat Festival was set up to commemorate Qu Yuan.,预测卷（三）处理句子,京剧起源于,200,年前清朝时期的北京，是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。自,1919,年京剧大师梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出后，至今京剧越来越受世界各地人民喜爱。北京京剧院也已经应邀在许多国家演出，得到了外国观众的高度评价。这些表演对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来作出了卓越的贡献。,预测卷（三）,京剧起源于,200,年前清朝时期的,北京,，,是一种,集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的,表演艺术,。,自,1919,年京剧大师,梅兰芳先生东渡日本演出,后，至今,京剧越来越受,世界各地人民,喜爱,。,北京京剧院也已经应邀,在许多国家,演出,，,得到了,外国观众的,高度评价,。,这些表演,对中外文化交流和促进世界人民友好往来,作出了卓越的贡献,。,预测卷（八）,因特网,在继电话和电视之后,已成为人们生活的又一重要组成部分。消费者使用因特网进行在线购物和投资。,大多数,消费者在使用信用卡在线购物付款。,其他电子支付系统，有时,被称作,“数字货币”或“,e,现金”现在也十分普遍,。这些,支付系统的,目标就是使得购物更加简便。比如说“储值卡”能够把现金的价值转入到卡内。这张卡,在公共交通、各大高校、加油站和预付话费中,广泛使用。,状语位置处理：,“,茶,在中国人的社会和情感生活中,都有重要的作用,”,长句处理,定语处理,隐含的被动关系;,状语后置,Useful Expressions,电子的:,electronic,数字的:,digital,虚拟的:,virtual,在线购物/投资:,shop/invest online,信用卡:,credit card,储值卡:,stored-value card,银行卡:,bank card,被称作:,.is referred to as.,货币:,currency,转账:,transfer,v.公共交通:,public transportation,加油站:,gas station,For more:,银行账户:,bank account,股票:,stock,股票市场:,stock market,房地产:,real estate,Pamphlet page10-11,2012.12,阴历,(lunar calender),八月十五是中国两大传统,节日,之一的中秋节,(,另一个是春节,),。很多人将中秋节,称为,“八月十五”。,由于,中秋夜的圆月往往会激发人们,家庭团聚,的渴望，中秋节也,被称为,团圆节。,中秋节一般都是在晚上庆祝,，人们聚在一起,点,灯笼、吃,月饼,、,赏,明月。现如今，很多人在中秋节这天去欣赏,音乐会,，或者去咖啡厅、夜总会，或者乘坐观光车外出观赏一些,景点,。,表达：阴历八月十五,隐藏的被动句,注意：用有,把握的词和词组,名词处理,注意可数名词的使用：单数前面加冠词/复数,阴历,八月十五是中国两大传统,节日,之一的中秋节.,.one of the two traditional Chinese festival,s,.,人们聚在一起,点,灯笼、吃,月饼,、赏明月。,People stay together to light lantern,s,eat moon cake,s,and appreciate,the,round moon.,去欣赏音乐会，或者去咖啡厅、夜总会.,to go to,a,concert,a,coffee shop,and,a,night club.,或者乘坐观光车外出观赏一些景点。,or to take a trip to some scenic spot,s,by sightseeing bus.,Typical mistakes,Due to the round moon tends to make people think of their family.,Because the Mid-Autumn Festivals round moon inspires peoples longing for family reunion.,Auguest fifteenth in lunar calendar is.,Useful Expressions,阴历八月十五:,the 15th day of the 8th lunar month,/,the 15th day of the 8th month according to the lunar calendar,家庭团聚:,family reunion,称.为:,call/name/refer to.as,欣赏/赏:,appreciate/enjoy,景点:,scenic spot(s),观光:,go sightseeing,For more:,团圆饭:,reunion dinner,家人:,family/family members,公历/阳历:,solar calendar,怀旧的/思乡的:,nostalgic,家喻户晓,：.become a household name,被动句,中秋节也,被称为,团圆节。,The Mid-Autumn Festival,is,also,called,Reunion Festival,中秋节一般都是在晚上庆祝.,The Mid-Autumn Festival,is,usually,celebrated,in the evening.,2012.06,刺绣,(embroidery),是一种,以绣花针穿引彩线、,按照预先设计的花样,在布帛等织物上,刺缀成花样图案或文字,的民间工艺,。,刺绣可分为苏绣、粤绣、湘绣、蜀绣。,刺绣的图案包括花、鸟、虫、鱼、风景和人物。在刺绣的过程中应用了中国的绘画艺术。时至今日，中国刺绣工艺不仅进入了寻常百姓之家，而且走上了世界舞台。,长句分解,加主语,注意：状语的位置,隐含的被动句,化难为易,长句处理,刺绣(embroidery)是一种,以绣花针穿引彩线、,按照预先设计的花样,在布帛等织物上,刺缀成花样图案或文字,的民间工艺,。,先翻译主干：,Embroidery is a kind of folk handicraft.,第二部分：,.which uses needles and colored thread,第三部分：,to sew images of flowers and words,第四部分：,on the fabric/cloth,第五部分：,according to pre-designed patterns,Embroidy is a kind of folk handicraft which uses needles and colored thread to sew images of flowers and words on the fabric according to pre-designed patterns.,Its EASY,被动句,刺绣可分为苏绣、粤绣、湘绣、蜀绣。,Embroidery can,be divided into,Suzhou,Guangdong,Hunan and Sichuan schools.,可数名词用复数：,刺绣的图案包括花、鸟、虫、鱼、风景和人物。,Designs on embroidery include flower,s,bird,s,insect,s,fish,landscape,s,and human figure,s,.(可数名词用复数代表一类事物),补齐主语,在刺绣的过程中应用了中国的绘画艺术。,They apply the art of Chinese painting to embroidery.,或翻译成被动句,The art of Chinese painting,is applied to,embroidery.,时态选择,时至今日，,中国刺绣工艺不仅进入了寻常百姓之家，,而且走上了世界舞台。,“,时至今日,”,隐含了一个时间结点，所以用,“,现在完成时,”,更恰当,Today/Now,Chinese embroidery handicraft,has,not only,come into,the ordinary peoples life,but also,entered,the world stage.,Useful Expressions,图案/花样/样式:pattern/image/design,民间艺术:,folk art,民间工艺:,folk handicraft,可分为:,be divided into.,流派:,school,应用:,apply.to.,百姓:,ordinary people,For more:,继承:,v.,inherit,文化遗产:,cultural heritage/legacy,各族人民,:,people of all ethnic groups,翻译练习：丝绸之路,丝绸之路是,历史上横贯欧亚大陆的,贸易交通线,，在历史上,促进了,欧亚非各国和中国的,友好往来,。中国是丝绸的故乡，在经由这条路线进行的贸易中，,中国输出的,商品以丝绸最具代表性。因此，当德国地理学家,Ferdinand,最早,在,19,世纪,70,年代,将之命名为“丝绸之路”后，即被广泛接受。同时，它也是一条,东方与西方之间经济、政治、文化进行交流的,主要道路。,核心词提示：,丝绸之路：,Silk Road,地理学家：,geographer,长定语处理！,丝绸之路是,历史上横贯欧亚大陆的,贸易交通线,，,/,在历史上,促进了,欧亚非各国和中国的,友好往来,。,Silk Road is a trade route,across the Eurasia,(the European and Asian continent).,It,promoted the friendly exchanges,between China and other countries in Europe,Asia and Africa,.,other expressions:,促进/加强:strengthen,enhance,中国是丝绸的故乡，,/,在经由这条路线进行的贸易中，,中国输出的,商品以丝绸最具代表性。,China is the homeland of silk.,/,Among all the traded products,silk is the most representative good,exported from China,(which was exported from China).,状语位置要调整,因此，,当德国地理学家Ferdinand,最早在19世纪70年代,将之命名为“丝绸之路”后,，即被广泛接受。,Therefore,since the German geographer Ferdinand,first,named it Silk Road,in the 1870s,it was widely accepted.,Other expressions:,命名为：call.,广泛接受：universally/commonly accepted,模拟卷1：中国是世界上最早种植茶的国家！,长定语处理,同时，,它也是一条,东方与西方之间,经济、政治、文化进行交流的,主要道路,。,Meanwhile,it is also a major route,for the economic,political and cultural exchanges,between the East and the West/eastern and western countries.,Other expressions:,同时：in the meantime,道路：road/path,层层展开,模考翻译参考译文,The CCTV Spring Festival Gala,abbreviated to the Spring Festival Gala,is a great performance show that is broadcasting live annually at the Lunar New Years Eve to celebrate the Lunar New Years arrival.,Since the first Spring Festival Gala was staged on CCTV in 1983,it has broadcast as scheduled at every Lunar New Years Eve and the tradition has continued up to today.,The Spring Festival Gala has set world records in terms of its performance scale,the cast,the broadcast duration and the number of audience both at home and abroad.The Spring Festival Gala has become one of the TV programs that most chineses must watch at each Spring Festival and it has beocme the grand feast for Chinese Lunar New Years Eve.,