医学英语词汇-.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Medical,Vocabulary,Teaching Office of Fundamental Nursing,Wang Juan,construction,English Medical Terminology,professional literature reading,Writing for Abstract of Medical Thesis,ISPN and Related Issues,Nursing Process,Health Assessment,Community Health Nursing,Nursing Care of the Oldest Old,Promoting Coping in Hospitalized Children,Midwifery and Perinatal Care,Principles and Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nursing,医学英语词汇概述,教学内容,医学英语语词的来源,医学英语词汇特点,医学词根、前缀、后缀,词 源,拉丁语：,借自拉丁语的前缀：,re-(,再，又，重新,),；,centi-(,百,),借自拉丁语的词根：,audi(o)-(,听觉，听力,),；,urin(o)-(,尿,),借自拉丁语的单词：,medicine-(,医学,),；,tumor-(,肿瘤,),词 源,阿拉伯语：,syrup,法语：,hospital;benigh,德语：,aspirin;gene,意大利语：,influenza;malaria,西班牙语：,mosquito;quinine,词 源,中医术语：,yin(,阴,),；,yang(,阳,),；,jing(,精,),；,qi(,气,),tui na(,推拿,),；,acupuncture point(,穴位,),医学英语词汇主要特点,1,、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇,2,、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近,3,、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀,4,、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词,5,、一个意义常有多个表达,1,、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇,Irrigation:,冲洗,-,灌溉,Solution:,溶液,-,解决问题,Labor:,分娩,-,劳力,Indication:,适应,-,指示,Secondary:,继发性,中级的,2,、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近,音近：,penicillin:,盘尼西林,Gua Sha:,刮痧,形近：,milk tooth:,乳齿,chicken breast:,鸡胸,3,、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀,Electrocardiogram,：心电图,Autotransplantation:,自体移植,4,、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词,字母缩略词：,取自短语,:BP=Blood Pressure,SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,取自单词：,ECG=electrocardiogram,截短词：,cardiogram=electrocardiogram,5,、一个意义常有多个表达,近视：,myopia;near-sighted;,near/short-sightedness,小便：,urinate(V.);urine(n.),pass water;pee,医学英语词汇结构,医学词素,(morpheme),：,医学词根,(root),医学词缀,(affix:prefix,suffix),医学英语词汇结构,词根：,可以在不同的单词里出现，但它的基本形式和含义相同,erythr(o)-,1,、自由词根：,abdomen,2,、黏着词根：,vas(o)-,医学英语词汇结构,前缀（,prefix,）：,置于词根前对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素,1,、指事物基本状况的前缀：,a-,dys-,hyper-,2,、指时间、方位或位置的前缀：,ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,trans-,3,、指相互关系的前缀：,auto-,idio-,homo-,4,、指数字的前缀：,uni-,bi-,tri-,cent-,医学英语词汇结构,后缀（,suffix,）：置于词根后对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素,常常用于单词后作为添加词素来改变词汇含义的一小部分或改变词性，但不可能改变一个单词的含义,简单后缀（,simple suffix,）,复合性后缀（,compound suffix,）,医学英语词汇结构,简单后缀：,形容词后缀：,-ar,-ic,-itic,动词后缀：,-ize,-ate,-fy,名词后缀：,-oma,-ia,-itis,副词后缀：,-ad,-ward,-wise,医学英语词汇结构,复合性后缀：,由部分词根和简单后缀结合而成,-graphy=-graph+y:process of recording,-logy=-log+y:study,science,-uria=-ur+ia:urine condition,连接元音字母：,在两个词素之间常会被添加进一个连接元音字,母，以使人们在连读这两个词素时，在语音上顺,口流畅。,连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的起始字母也发辅音的情况下。,6,个连接元音字母：,o:,为最常见的连接元音字母,i:,为较常见的连接元音字母,a,e,u:,较少见的连接元音字母,y:,为最少见连接元音字母,-o-:therm,（温）,+meter,（测量器）：,thermometer,-i-,：,insect,（虫）,+cide,（杀）：,insecticide,-a-,：,pent,（五）,+gon,（角）：,pentagon,-e-,：,liqu,（液）,+fy,（,化）：,liquefy,-u-,：,cent,（百）,+ple,（倍）：,centuple,连接元音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时,需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的。,my-,myo-:,肌,ost-,osto-:,骨,dent-,denti-,dento-:,牙,ant-,anti-:,对立，反抗，制止,快速记忆,-centesis,穿刺术,-graphy,记录，摄影,-plasty,成型术,-scopy,镜检,-stasis,停止，制止,测试,arthrocentesis,cardiography,myoplasty,cystoscopy,mycostasis,pelvimetry,关节穿刺术,心电图,肌成型术,膀胱镜检查,抑制霉菌作用,骨盆测量仪,医学英语常用词根及构词,呼吸系统（,The respiratory system),This includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from them.The purpose of this system is to take in air,and from it extract oxygen which is then dissolved into the blood and conveyed to all the tissues.A waste product of the cells,carbon dioxide,is taken by the blood to the lungs,whence it is expelled to the outside air.,The respiratory system,1,、呼吸,breath,词根：,-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o),例词：,orthopnea,端坐呼吸；,pneumothorax,气胸；,expiration,呼气,2,、鼻,nose,词根：,nas(o)-,rhin(o)-,例词：,nasopharynx,鼻咽；,rhinitis,鼻炎,3,、喉,throat,词根：,laryng(o)-,例词：,laryngitis,喉炎；,4,、气管,windpipe,词根：,trache(o)-,例词：,tracheotomy,气管切开术；,tracheal,气管的,The respiratory system,5,、支气管,bronchi,词根：,bronch(o)-,例词：,bronchiectasis,支气管扩张；,bronchitis,支气管炎,The respiratory system,6,、肺,lung,：,词根：,pneumon(o)-,pulmo(n)(o)-,例词：,pneumonia,肺炎；,pulmonary,肺的,7,、胸,chest,：,词根：,thorac(o)-,例词：,thoracentesis,胸腔穿刺术；,The respiratory system,Practice,Respiratory distress syndrome,Pneumonia,Lung ventilation,Metabolic compensation,dyspnea,呼吸窘迫综合征,肺炎,肺通气,代谢代偿,呼吸困难,Diagnostic terms,Inspection视诊,Auscultation,：听诊,Percussion,：叩诊,Palpation,：触诊,Abbreviations,ARDS,Bronch,COPD,CPR,CXR,DPT,Abbreviations,ARDS:Acute respiratory distress syndrome,COPD:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,CPR:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CXR:Chest X-ray,DPT:diphtheria,pertussis,tetanus,The circulatory system,The heart,blood vessels,lymph vessels and lymph nodes all make up the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues,bringing with it food,oxygen and other substances,and carrying away waste materials.,The circulatory system,1,、心,heart,：,词根：,cardi(o)-,例词：,electrocardiogram,心电图；,cardiomyopathy,心肌病,2,、心房,auricle,：,词根：,atri(o)-,例词：,atrial,心房的；,sinoatrial,窦房的,The circulatory system,3,、心室,ventricle,：,词根：,ventricul(o)-,例词：,ventricular,心室的；,interventricular,室间的,4,、瓣膜,valve,：,词根：,valvul(o)-,例词：,valvular,瓣膜的,The circulatory system,5,、血管,vessel,：,词根：,vas(o)-,angi(o)-,例词：,vasculitis,血管炎；,angiography,血管造影,6,、动脉,artery,：,词根：,arteri(o)-,例词：,arteriography,动脉造影；,arteritis,动脉炎,The circulatory system,7,、静脉,vein,：,词根：,ven(o)-,phleb(o)-,例词：,venous,静脉的；,phlebitis,静脉炎,8,、主动脉,aorta,：,词根：,aort(o)-,例词：,aortitis,主动脉炎；,aortic,主动脉的,The circulatory system,9,、毛细血管,capillary,：,词根：,capillar(o)-,例词：,postcapillary,后毛细血管；,10,、脉搏,pulse:,词根：,puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-,例词：,pulse,脉搏；,sphygmogram,脉搏图,Practice,Acute myocardial infarction,Primary coronary stenting,Angioplasty,Prospective study,Intracoronary stent,急性心肌梗死,冠状动脉主支架术,血管成形术,前瞻性研究,冠状动脉内支架,Abbreviations,AF,BP,Cath,CCU,CHD,CHF,CVP,DVT,HDL,LDL,Abbreviations,AF,：,atrial fibrillation,BP:blood pressure,Cath:catheterization,CCU:coronary care unit,CHD:coronary heart disease,CHF:congestive heart failure,Abbreviations,CVP:central venous pressure,DVT:deep venous thrombosis,HDL:high-density lipoprotein,LDL:low-density lipoprotein,The digestive system,This system comprises all organs which have to do with taking in food and converting the useful parts of it into substances that the body cells can use.Examples of these organs are the mouth,the teeth,and the alimentary tract.,The digestive system,1,、咽,throat,：,词根：,pharyng(o)-,例词：,pharyngitis,咽炎,2,、胃,stomach,：,词根：,gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-,例词：,gastritis,胃炎；,stomachache,胃痛,The digestive system,3,、肠,intestine,：,词根：,enter,（,o,）,-,例词：,enteritis,肠炎,4,、消化,digestion,：,词根：,peps(o)-,-gest(o)-,例词：,dyspepsia,消化不良；,digestion,消化,The digestive system,5,、胆囊,gallbladder,：,词根：,cholecyst(o)-,例词：,cholecystitis,胆囊炎；,6,、肝,liver:,词根：,hepat(o)-,例词：,hepatitis,肝炎；,hepatocyte,肝细胞,The digestive system,7,、阑尾,appendix,：,词根：,appendic(o)-,例词：,appendicular,阑尾的；,appendicitis,阑尾炎,Practice,Hypoplasia,Left hepatic lobe,Gallbladder,发育不全,左肝叶,胆囊,The urinary system,Its main components are the,kidneys,the ureters,the,bladder and the urethra.Its,purpose is to filter out and,rid of the body of certain,waste products taken by the,blood from the cells.,The urinary system,1,、尿,urine:,词根：,urin(o)-,ur(o)-,例词：,urine,尿；,hematuria,血尿,2,、肾,kidney,：,词根：,ren(o)-,nephr(o)-,例词：,suprarenal,肾上的；,nephritis,肾炎,3,、输尿管,ureter:,词根：,ureter(o)-,例词：,ureteric,输尿管的；,The urinary system,4,、膀胱,bladder,词根：,vesic(o)-,cyst(o)-,例词：,vesical,膀胱的；,cystitis,膀胱炎,The urinary system,5,、前列腺,prostate,：,词根：,prostat(o)-,例词：,prostatic,前列腺的；,prostatitis,前列腺炎,Practice,Transitional cell carcinoma,Chronic renal failure,Invasive bladder cancer,Renal pelvic tumor,移行细胞癌,慢性肾衰,侵袭性膀胱癌,肾盂肿瘤,Abbreviations,ADH,ARF,CRF,IVP,UA,UTI,cysto,Abbreviations,ADH:antidiuretic hormone,ARF:acute renal failure,CRF:chronic renal failure,IVP:intravenous pyelogram,UA:urinalysis,UTI:urinary tract infection,cysto:cystoscopic examination,The endocrine system,A few scattered organs know as endocrine glands produce special substances called hormones,which regulates such body functions as growth,food utilization within the cells,and reproduction.,The endocrine system,1,、分泌,secretion,：,词根：,crin(o)-,secret(o)-,例词：,endocrine,内分泌；,secretive,分泌的,2,、腺,gland:,词根：,aden(o)-,例词：,adenoma,腺瘤；,3,、下丘脑,hypothalamus,：,词根：,hypothalam(o)-,例词：,hypothalamus,下丘脑；,hypothalamic,下丘脑的,The endocrine system,4,、垂体,pituitary,：,词根：,pitui-,例词：,pituitary,垂体；,5,、甲状腺,thyroid,：,词根：,thyr(o)-,例词：,thyroiditis,甲状腺炎,The endocrine system,6,、钙,calcium,：,词根：,calc(i)-,例词：,calcification,钙化,7,、皮质,cortex,：,词根：,cortic(o)-,例词：,corticosteroid,皮质类固醇,The endocrine system,8,、胸腺,thymus,：,词根：,thym(o)-,例词：,thymosin,胸腺素；,thymocyte,胸腺细胞,9,、葡萄糖,glucose,：,词根：,gluc(o)-,例词：,glucocorticoids,糖皮质激素,Practice,Perturbation,Cortisol,Estrogen,Growth hormone,thyroid,紊乱,皮质醇,雌激素,生长激素,甲状腺的,Abbreviations,BMR,GTT,HGH,FBS,TFT,Abbreviations,BMR:basal metabolic rate,GTT:glucose tolerance test,HGH:human growth hormone,FBS:fasting blood sugar,TFT:thyroid function test,The nervous system,The brain,the spinal cord and the nerves all make up this very complex system by which all parts of the body are controlled and coordinated.The organs of special sense,sometimes classed as a separate sensory system,together with the sense of touch,receive stimuli from the outside world,which are then converted into impulses that are transmitted to the brain.The brain determines to a great extent the bodys responses to messages from without and within,and in it occur such higher functions as memory and reasoning.,1,、脑,brain,：,词根：,encephal(o)-,例词：,encephalitis,脑炎；,2,、大脑,cerebrum,：,词根：,cerebr(o)-,例词：,cerebrovascular,脑血管的,The nervous system,3,、丘脑,thalamus,：,词根：,thalam(o)-,例词：,epithalamus,上丘脑；,subthalamus,底丘脑,4,、髓质,marrow,：,词根：,medull(o)-,例词：,medullary,髓质的,The nervous system,The nervous system,5,、脑膜、脊膜,membrane,：,词根：,mening(o)-,例词：,meningitis,脑膜炎,6,、脑室,ventricle,：,词根：,ventricul(o)-,例词：,intraventricular,脑室内的,The nervous system,7,、脊柱,spine,：,词根：,spin(o)-,例词：,spinal,脊柱的；,cerebrospinal,脑脊的,8,、运动,motor,：,词根：,-kinesia,例词：,bradykinesia,运动迟缓；,hyperkinesia,运动过多,The nervous system,9,迷走,vagus,：,词根：,vag(o)-,例词：,vagal,迷走的；,10,、精神、意志,mind,：,词根：,psych(o)-,例词：,psychotic,精神的；,psychiatry,精神病学,11,、神经,nerve,：,词根：,neur(o)-,例词：,neuroscience,神经科学；,neurology,神经病学,The nervous system,12,、交感神经,sympathetic nerve,：,词根：,sympath(o)-,例词：,sympathoblast,成交感神经细胞,13,、观念，理想,idea:,词根：,ide(o)-,例词：,ideal,观念的；,idealism,理想主义,Practice,Encephalitis,Signal intensity,Upper pons,Brainstem,Magnetic resonance,脑炎,信号强度,上桥脑,脑干,磁共振,Abbreviations,CSF,CNS,CVA,ICP,LP,Abbreviations,CSF:cerebrospinal fluid,CNS:central nervous system,CVA:cerebrovascular accident,ICP:intracranial pressure,LP:lumbar puncture,The integumentary system,The word“integument”means“skin”.The skin is considered by some authorities to be a separate body system.It includes the hair,nails,sweat and oil gland,and other related structures.,1,、眼,eye:,词根：,ocul(o)-;,例词：,oculomotor,动眼的；,The integumentary systemSense organs,The integumentary system,2,、角膜,cornea,：,词根：,corne(o)-;kerat(o)-,例词：,corneal,角膜的；,keratitis,角膜炎,3,、结膜,conjunctiva:,词根：,conjunctiv(o)-,例词：,conjunctival,结膜的,The integumentary system,4,、皮肤,skin,：,词根：,cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-,例词：,subcutaneous,皮下的；,dermatitis,皮炎,The integumentary system,5,、耳,ear,：,词根：,auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-,例词：,auricula,耳廓；,auris,耳；,6,、感觉,sensation:,词根：,sens(o)-;,例词：,sensory,感觉的；,The integumentary system,7,、视觉、视力,vision,：,词根：,-opia,例词：,diplopia,复视；,myopia,近视,The integumentary system,8,、瞳孔,pupil:,词根：,pupill(o)-,例词：,pupillometer,瞳孔计；,9,、听觉、听力,hearing,：,词根：,audi(o)-;,例词：,audiology,听力学,The integumentary systemSense organs,10,、嗅觉、嗅,smell,：,词根：,olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-,例词：,olfactory,嗅觉的,11,、味觉,taste,：,词根：,gust(o)-;,例词：,gustation,味觉,Practice,Pupil,Intracutaneous,Myopia,Rhinitis,瞳孔,皮内的,近视,鼻炎,Abbreviations,IOP,OD,OS,OU,VA,VF,Abbreviations,IOP:intraocular pressure,OD:right eye,OS:left eye,OU:each eye,VA:visual acuity,VF:visual field,The skeletal and muscular system,The basic framework of the body is a system of over 200 bones with their joints.Collectively know as the skeleton.,Body movements are due to the action of the muscles which are attached to the bones.Other types of muscles are present in the walls of such organs as the intestine and the heart.,1,、肌肉,muscle,：,词根：,muscul(o)-;my(o)-,例词：,myoglobin,肌红蛋白,2,、骨,bone,：,词根：,os-;osse(o)-;oste(o),例词：,ossicles,小骨；,ossification,成骨；,The skeletal and muscular system,3,、韧带,ligament,：,词根：,ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-,例词：,ligamentous,韧带的,The skeletal and muscular system,4,、骨骼,skeleton,：,词根：,skelet(o)-,例词：,skeletal,骨骼的,5,、颅骨,skull,：,词根：,crani(o)-,例词：,craniofacial,颅面的；,craniometer,颅骨量器,The skeletal and muscular system,4,、盘,disk,：,词根：,disc(o)-,例词：,discitis,关节盘炎,The skeletal and muscular system,5,、肋骨,rib,：,词根：,costa;cost(o)-,例词：,intercostals,肋间的；,The skeletal and muscular system,6,、关节,joint,：,词根：,arthr(o)-,例词：,arthritis,关节炎；,arthrodesis,关节固定术,The skeletal and muscular system,Practice,Bone marrow,Muscle,Stem cell,Bone regeneration,femur,骨髓,肌肉,干细胞,骨再生,股骨,Abbreviations,IM,EMG,RA,ROM,SLE,Abbreviations,IM:intramuscular,EMG:electromyogram,RA:rheumatoid arthritis,ROM:range of motion,The reproductive system,This system includes the external sex organs and all related inner structures which are concerned with the production of new individuals.,The reproductive system,1,、生殖,reproduction,：,词根：,genit(o)-,例词：,genital,生殖的；,urogenital,泌尿生殖的,2,、子宫,womb:,词根：,uter(o)-,uter(in)(o)-,hyster(o)-,metr(o)-,例词：,uterine,子宫的；,perimetrium,子宫外膜,The reproductive system,3,、阴道,vagina,：,词根：,vagin(o)-,例词：,vaginitis,阴道炎；,The reproductive system,4,、骨盆,pelvis:,词根：,pelvi-,例词：,pelvic,骨盆的；,The reproductive system,5,、卵,egg:,词根：,ovi(o)-,ovul(o),ov(o)-,oo-,例词：,ovulation,排卵；,oocyte,卵细胞6,、月经,menstruation:,词根：,men(o)-,例词：,menopause,绝经；,The reproductive system,7,、妊娠,cyesis:,词根：,pregn(o)-,例词：,pregnancy,妊娠；,impregnation,受精,8,、胎儿,fetus,：,词根：,fet(o)-,例词：,fetal,胎儿的；,fetoscope,胎儿镜,The reproductive system,9,、产次,parity:,词根：,-para,例词：,primipara,初产妇,10,、雄、男,male:,词根：,andro(o)-,例词：,androgen,雄激素；,The reproductive system,11,、分娩,delivery,：,词根：,parturi(o)-,toc(o)-,例词：,parturition,分娩；,tocology,产科学,Abbreviations,DUB,EDC,FHT,IUD,OB,GYN,Abbreviations,DUB:dysfunctional uterine bleeding,EDC:estimated date of confinement,FHT:fetal heart tones,IUD:intrauterine device,OB:obstetrics,GYN:gynecology,The End.,谢谢,