八年级动词不定式优质公开课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式,肯定：,to+V.,原,或者,(to)+V.,原,否定：,not/never+(to)+V.,原,He likes to read novels.,I saw him come.,We decided not to buy that house.,4)It is interesting to fly a kite.,5)Please let him not go there.,动词不定式的结构,作主语,To hear your voice is so nice.,To study hard is very important.,It is so nice to hear your voice.,It is very important to study hard.,不定式作主语时，通常用,it,作形式主语，,把真正的主语放在后面。,注意,:,1、It is+adj.,for/of,sb.to do sth.,It+be+,adj.,+,for/of,sb.to do sth.,for,:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/necessary/interesting 等.）,of,:adj.,多为,描述主语的品质特征 （,kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish 等.,）,作主语,It is easy _ her to learn English well.,It is clever _ you to solve the problem.,of,for,2、It takes sb.some time,to do sth.,It,takes,me three hours,to finish,the homework every day.,作主语,我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。,I,spend,three hours,finishing,the homework every day.,3、It is+n.(for sb)to do sth.,It is my pleasure to help you with your English.,作主语,1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait.,(of/for),2、It was careless _me to break the cup.,（of/for),3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this,table.(buy),4、It is my pleasure _ the box for you.,(carry),to buy,for,of,to carry,练习,5、轮到我们打扫教室了。,It is our turn_,6、To waste time is to shorten life.（翻译成中文）,to clean the classroom.,浪费时间就是缩短生命。,练习,1、动词,+to do sth.,常用动词有：,want/wish/like/would like/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise等,1、I hope,to finish,it tomorrow.,2、She plans,to go and teach,in the country.,作宾语,2、动词疑问词,+to do,I dont know_ next.,She cant decide_.,作宾语,2、,她不能决定买哪本书,。,1、,我不知道接下来该做什么,。,what to do,which book to buy,=,She cant decide,which book she should buy,.,1、Dont forget _.(关灯),2、I happened _when he called me.（出去）,3、I dont want_.(依赖别人）,4、Sam is learning_.(怎样开车）,5、We promise _ the environment.(保护),to turn off the light,to go out,to depend on others,how to drive a car,练习,to protect,1、,动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+to do sth.,1、The teacher asked her,to answer the question,.,2、The doctor told me,to have a good rest,.,作宾补-,对宾语进行补充说明,常用动词有：ask,tell,allow,want 等,动词多为感官动词、使动词。,一感：feel,二听：,hear,listen to,三使：,make,let,have,四看：,see,notice,watch,look at,Johns mother,makes him play,the piano every day.,被动,：,John _ play the piano every day.,is made to,2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式,1、Let him _ the work at once.,(finish/to finish),2、Do you like listening to other people_?,(talk/talking/to talk),3、Jim was seen _the room.,(enter/to enter),4、Please tell her _here on time.,(come/to come),finish,talk,to enter,to come,练习,5、Ill help you _this problem.,(to solve/solve),6、I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）,7、Her story made us laugh.(改成被动句）,(to)solve,I wish you to stay with us.,We were made to laugh by her story.,1、主语+be+to do sth,主语多为,duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job,等,名词,1、My ambition is to be a singer.,2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.,作表语,我的梦想是成为一名歌手。,他的工作是每天清扫教室。,2、谚语中,1、To know everything is,to know nothing.,2、To see is,to believe,.,放在被修饰词的后面,I have a lot of work,to do,.,I want to find something,to drink,.,作定语,不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的,介词,。,Im looking for a hotel _.,A.stay B.stay at C.to stay D.to stay at,D,位置,：,He hasnt got a house to live_.,I have no pens to write _.,in,with,1、原因状语:,主语+be+,adj.,(表情感),+to do sth.,(happy/glad angry /sorry/sad/afraid 等),Im sorry to hear that.作状语,Im glad to see you.,2、目的状语,The soldier ran into the room,to save the girl,.,_ _ the soldier run into the room?,Why did,Many parents send their children abroad _.(深造学习),to further their studies,3、结果状语,too+adj./adv.+to do sth,.,adj./adv.enough to do sth.,You are too young,to do this job,.,He ran fast enough,to catch the bus,.,动词不定式可以充当的句子成分,1、作主语,2、作宾语,3、作宾语补足语,4、作表语,5、作定语,6、作状语,7、与特殊疑问词连用,8、特殊用法和固定表达,All I did was,to give him some advice,.,His dream is,to travel all over the world,.,Lucy needs a friend,to play with,.,He was the last guest,to arrive,.,Its interesting,to read a science fiction,.,下列不定式作何种成分？,（表语）,（表语）,（定语）,（定语）,（主语）,He was glad,to see you.,My father offered,to buy a computer,for me.,He interviewed detective Ken,to get some information,.,The doctor asked him,to have more fruit and vegetables,.,（状语）,（宾语）,（状语）,（宾语补足语）,下列不定式作何种成分？,1、习惯于be used to _,被用于be used to _,Water is used to _(put)out fires.,I am used to _(take)a walk after supper.,2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢,比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。,I prefer _ to _.,3、look forward to 期待，盼望,Im looking forward to _(visit)Beijing again.,介词 to,与,不定式 to,的区别,put,taking,running swimming,visiting,do,doing,动词不定式,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语,6.,作表语7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,三.用法/功能,To see,is,to believe,.,It,s important,to learn,.,(1).主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,My job,to help the patient,.,Your task,to clean the classroom,.,(2).表语,I want,to go home,.,The workers demanded,to get better pay,.,I found it necessary,to talk to him again,.,(3)宾语,think/consider/find it+adj.+to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,hope,refuse,learn,set out,choose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,(4).宾补,二看,watch,see,look at,三使,let,make,have,一听,listen to,hear,四注意:,feel,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,notice,五感觉:,2.用作宾语补足语：(,v.,+sb.+to do),She,asked,me,to help,her.,The teacher,told,him,to come,on time.,Edisons mother,taught,him,to read and write,.,want,sb.to do,wish,sb.to do,get,sb.to do,order,sb.to do,find,sb.to be,like,sb.to do,would like,sb.to do,help,sb.to do,I have something,to say,.,He has a lot of homework,to do,.,He is looking for a room,to live,in,.,There is nothing,to worry,about,.,(5).定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.),不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种,关系：,(1)动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do,.我有很多工作要做。,(2)主谓关系,He is always the first to come,.他总是第一个来。,(3)同位关系,We all have a chance to go to college,.,我们都有上大学的机会。,2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有,相应的介词,。,3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的,介词习惯上要省去,。,He had no money and no place to live.,他没钱没地方住。,请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,注意比较：,Do you have anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式,to send,的动作执行者是,you,）,2.Do you have anything,to be sent,?,你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式,to be sent,的动作执行者是已被省略的,me,或,someone else,）,I came here,to see you.,He got up early,to catch the train.,(6)状语,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.他不知道说什么。(宾语),How to solve,the problem is very important,.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语),My question is,when to start,.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语),注意：,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,Why not have a rest?,固定句型,:,had better/had best+(not)do,sth,.,最好（不）做某事,Why(not)do,sth,.?,prefer to do/prefer doing,prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B,prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B,would rather(not)do,sth,.,would rather do A than(do)B,would rather+,句子（过去式）,（虚拟语气）要做,