第七章-水土保持工程措施-1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,第七章 水土保持工程措施,坡面梯田工程,坡面集水保水工程,坡面截流防冲工程,沟道防治工程,沟岸防护工程,项目建设区水土保持工程,第七章 水土保持工程措施,地位及与其它措施的关系：,类型：,按部位：坡面、沟道,按作用：稳固坡面、拦蓄水、引排水、拦沙,任务：,侵蚀控制、土壤水分保持、排水、灌溉、防洪、水资源开发,第一节 剖面梯田工程,一、梯田（,Terrace,）概况,二、梯田的分类,按断面形式分类,阶台式梯田,水平梯田,坡式梯田,反坡梯田,隔坡梯田,波浪式梯田,水平梯田（,bench terrace,）,复式水平梯田（,bench terrace,）,反坡梯田（,reversed terrace,）,隔坡梯田（,alternation of slope and terrace,）,波浪式梯田（自然梯田）,第一节 剖面梯田工程,二、梯田的分类,按田坎建筑材料分类,土坎、石块、植物田坎,按土地利用方向分类,旱地、水稻、果园、林木；旱地梯田、灌溉梯田,按施工方法分类,人工、机修,第一节 剖面梯田工程,三、梯田规划,耕作区的规划,地块的规划,顺等高线呈长条形、带状,田面纵向保留,1,300,1,500,的比降,地块长度,100m,大弯就势，小弯取直,大弯就势，小弯取直,第一节 剖面梯田工程,三、梯田规划,附属建筑物的规划,坡面蓄水拦沙设施,梯田区的道路,总体要求、缓坡区、陡坡区,灌溉排水设施,完整,陡坡区梯田的道路,缓坡区梯田的道路,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,“,最优”断面,：同时达到下述,3,点要求的断面。,适应机耕和灌溉,保证安全与稳定,最大限度地省工,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,水平梯田的断面要素,田面净宽,B,田坎高度,H,田坎坡度,田坎占地,B,n,田面毛宽,B,m,田面斜宽,B,l,H,B,m,B,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,梯田断面各要素之间的关系,田面毛宽,Bm,Hctg,埂坎占地,Bn,Hctg,田面斜宽,Bl,H/sin,田面净宽,B,Bm,Bn,埂坎高度,H,B/(ctg,ctg),H,B,m,B,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,土方断面：,每亩土方量：,H,B,m,B,梯田土方量的计算,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,田面宽度,B,的设计,5,以下缓坡,30 m,左右,适合大型机械,丘陵陡坡,8,10 m,机耕,H,B,m,B,第一节 剖面梯田工程,四、梯田的断面设计,埂坎外坡,的设计,稳定系数,K,K1.21.5,影响稳定的因素,梯田埂坎坡度,埂坎高度,土壤的凝聚力,土壤的内摩擦角和土壤的湿容重,田面的外部荷载,H,B,m,B,不同埂坎高度下的埂坎外坡,埂坎高度,(m),埂坎外侧坡度,（,）,2,7580,24,7075,46,6570,68,6065,南方水平梯田断面,地面坡度,（,）,5,510,10 15,15 20,20 25,田面宽度,B,（,m,）,1015,810,78,67,56,埂坎高度,H,（,m,）,0.51.2,0.71.8,1.22.2,1.62.6,1.82.8,田坎坡度,（,）,9085,9080,8575,7570,7065,第一节 剖面梯田工程,五、梯田的施工,工序：定线、清基、筑埂、保留表土、修平田面,生土去向,表土去向,