词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,词义猜测型,The underlined word“”,refers to/,means/stands for,？,.,Which of the following words can,take the place of/be replaced by,the word “”?,What is,the meaning of,“”as the words are used in the text?,Which of the following has,the closest meaning to,the word“”?,常见词义猜测题型,考查方向：,、熟词新意,，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；,、复合词的含义理解，对于,衍生词汇,的理解能力；,、根据上下文对,代词的指代,含义的理解能力；,、根据上下文对,不认识单词,的词义判断能力；,、,对谚语、俗语、俚语和句子含义的理解能力。,How to guess the meaning of the new words?,构词法,Word,formation,语境法,Context,clues,常识法,Common,Sense,词义猜测,派生,Derivation,合成,Compounding,转化,Conversion,前缀,+,词根,词根,+,后缀,前缀,+,词根,+,后缀,构词法,Word,formation,英语单词大多是,由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成,。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即,派生,。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了,;另外还有,合成,与,转化,。,常见的前缀和后缀有：,inter-(,在,之间,相互,)dis-(,不,无,相反,),mini-(,迷你的,微小的,)anti-(,反对,),micro-,（微小的）,re-,（再，反复）,mis-,（误，恶）,im-,（不）,un-,（不，非）,in-,（不，非）,non-,（不，非）,-able,（能,的）,-less,（不，无）,-wards(,向,),en-/-en,置于之中,赋予；使,-(i)fy (,使得，变成）,interpersonal,disconnect,mispronouce,anti-ageing,nonsmoker,sleep-walk,sadden,solidify,Can you guess the right meanings?,人与人之间的，人际的,不抽烟的人,发错音,梦游,断,开，切断,抗衰老,的,使悲伤,使固化，使凝固,1.Definition,定义法,3.Similarity,相似法,2.Contrast,对比法,4.Cause and effect,因果法,5.Example,例举法,6.Context,上下文,语境法,Context,clues,1.Definition,定义法：一般通过定义、定语,(,从句,),或同位语,(,从句,),来确定词义。,e.g.:It will be very hard but very,brittle,that is,it will break easily.,(adj.,易碎的,脆的,),The,herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 6,500 yuan a year.,(n.,牧羊人,),表定义常见词汇及短语及手段：,be called,be known,be defined as,constitute,refer to,等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。,表解释常见词汇及短语及手段：or,that is,(,to say),in other words,to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。,表示对比的词有,:but,yet,while,however,otherwise,on the other hand,in contrast,on the contrary,in spite of,instead,等,。,2.Contrast,对比法：利用文中的反义 词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。,Most of us agreed,however,Bill,dissented.,(v.,不同意,),She is usually,prompt,for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A.on time B.late C.slowly D.quickly,3.Similarity,相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an,gigantic,task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj.,巨大的,;,极大的,),4.Cause and Effect,因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因,。,One who is,destitute,has a great need for food and clothing.,She did not hear what you said because she was completely,engrossed,in her reading.,(adj.,贫穷的,穷困的,),adj.,全神贯注的，聚精会神的，专心致志的,因果关系常见词汇及短语：since,as,for,because,due to,owing to,for the reason that,result from,result in,so,therefore,thus,consequently等,。,5.Example,例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on,appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and televisions.,(n.,电器用具,),常见的举例的提示词有,:,for instance,for example,such as,like,等。,Lions are,opportunists,.They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.,By describing lions as“,opportunistthe author means to say that lions_.,A.are cruel animals,B.are clever animals,C.like to take advantage of other animals D.like to take every chance to eat,6,.,Context,上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,猜代词的含义多用词法,即根,据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在,阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,，,he usually gives an,anesthetic,to make him unconscious,，,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,n.,麻醉剂,(,药,),常识法,Common,Sense,Practice makes perfect!,Thanks for listening!,