HFSS的后处理及场计算器入门.ppt

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,4-,*,HFSS,的后处理及场计算器入门,Ansoft HFSS,的后处理（,Results,）,Create Report,可绘制图形,Eigenmode solution,（本征模解）,Eigenmode Parameters(modes),（本征模参数图形）,Driven Modal Solution,（驱动模式解）,S-parameters,（,S,参数图形）,Y-parameters,（,Y,参数图形）,Z-parameters,（,Z,参数图形）,VSWR,（驻波比）,Gamma(complex propagation constant),（复数形式的传播常数）,Port Zo,（端口波阻抗）,Driven Terminal Solution,（终端驱动解）,S-parameters,（,S,参数图形）,Y-parameters,（,Y,参数图形）,Z-parameters,（,Z,参数图形）,VSWR,（驻波比）,Power,（功率）,Voltage Transform matrix(T),（电压传输矩阵）,Terminal Port Zo,（端口波阻抗）,可绘制图形,Fields(,场,),Mag_E,Mag_H,Mag_Jvol,Mag_Jsurf,ComplexMag_E,ComplexMag_H,ComplexMag_Jvol,ComplexMag_Jsurf,Local_SAR(Specific Absorption Rate),Average_SAR,注：在绘制场图前必须先选择一个面或者一个多点线。,Ansoft HFSS,的后处理（,Results,）,Solution Data,Ansoft HFSS,的后处理（,Results,）,Output Variables,Ansoft HFSS,的后处理（,Fields,）,Fields,Ansoft HFSS,的后处理（,Radiation,）,Radiation,HFSS Field Calculator:Definition,A tool for performing mathematical operations on,ALL,saved field data in the modeled geometry,E,H,J,and,Poynting,data available,Perform operations using drawing geometry or new geometry created in,Post3,Perform operations at single frequency(interpolating or discrete sweeps)or other frequencies(fast sweep),Generate numerical,graphical,geometrical or exportable data,Macro-enabled,表达式操作区,指定数据关联,场计算器操作区,场计算器分区,表达式操作区,建立表达式,使用“,Add”,键，由场计算器堆栈导入表达式；,使用“,Load From”,键，由场计算器表达式文件（*,.clc,）导入表达式；,输出表达式,使用“,Copy to stack键，将已存在的表达式导出到场计算器堆栈；,使用“,Save to”,键，将已存在的表达式保存成场计算器表达式文件（*,.clc,）；,指定关联区,指定场计算器使用数据的出处。,指定求解设置,指定场类型；,指定频率,指定相位,HFSS Field Calculator:Basic Layout,Stack Operations:,Button for manipulating stack,Data stack:Contains current and saved entries in a scrolling stack similar to a hand-held scientific caculator.,Calculator Functions:,Orgnized groupings of all the avaliable calculator functions in button format.Some buttons contain further options as drop-down menus,Status Bar(not currently shown):,HFSS Field Caculator:Data Types,The calculatiorv can manipulate many different types of data,GeometricComplex,Vector,Scalar,Data types are indicated in the calculator stack for each entry,Most calculator operations are only available on the appropriate data type(s),Geometric surface generated along E field iso-value contour,Vector data output to a plane geometry,Scalar E-field data graphed along a line geometry,HFSS Field Calculator:Data Indicators,Each stack entry will be preceded by a unique code denoting its data type,Mathematical:,CVc:Complex Vector,Vec:Vector,CSc:Complex Scalar,Scl:Scalar,Geometric:,Pnt:Point,Lin:Line,Srf:Sourface,Vol:Volume,Combinations can also exist,E.g.“SclSrf”:Scalar data distributed on a Surface geometry,CACULATOR USAGE HINT:,Most data input types will be self-explanatory,e.g.,E,and,H,fields being phasor quantities will be Complex Vector(CVc).The only exception to this rule is the,Poynting,input,Which will show up as a“CVc”even though,E X H*,should have no imaginary component.The calculator only knows that two complex vector were crossed,and does not know ahead of time that the imaginary component has been zeroed.,HFSS Field Calculator:Detail Layout-Stack,As data is entered into the calculator it appears at the,TOP,of the stack,pushing older entries,DOWN,UNDO,attempts to take back the last operation between stack enties.It may not work for all data types(e.g.the result of a pure math operation cannot be reversed),CLEAR,deletes,ALL,entries from the stack upon confirmation,EXCH,exchanges or swaps the top two stack entries,PUSH,duplicates the top stack entry,POP,deletes the top entry off the stack,RLDN,“rolls”the stack downward,moving the top entry to the bottom,RLUP,“rolls”the stack upward,moving the bottom entry to the top,HFSS Field Calculator:Detail Layout-Operations,SCALAR,column operations can only be performed on,Scalar,data(not complex or vector data),such as finding the,Cosine,of a value using the trig functions.,OUTPUT,column operations result in the generation of calculator outputs,in either numerical,graphical(displayed as 2D graphs or in the 3Dview),or exported form.,VECTOR,column contains operations to be performed on vector data such as converting to scalar,Dot,and,Cross,products,and,Unit Vector,computations,GENERAL,column contains operations which can be performed on many data types(e.g.adding scalar values or adding vectors),INPUT,column contain all operations which input new data into the stack(field data,constant,user-entered vector or complex numbers,etc.,All calculator operations are orgnized into columns classifyying them by the type of operation and the type of the data upon which the operation can be performed.,HFSS Field Calculator:Detail Layout-Exploded View,HFSS Field Calculator:Usage-Overview,Use just like a scientific calculator,Similar to HP scientific calculators,“First Quantity”,”Second Quantity”Then“Operation”,Remember stack fills from the,Top,and pushes older contents below.,General use progresses from left to right,Input quantity or quantities at left,Perform operations in middle,Operate between quantities;apply quantities to geometries,etc.,Define desired output type at right.,Calculator Usage HINT:,Any Time you use the field post processor to plot a quantity(Plot,Fields),you are actually performing operations using the calculator!To see the steps that went into the generating the plot you just created,open the calculator interface and view the stack contents.This can often help guide you as you try to use the calculator to created your own custom outputs.,HFSS Field Calculator:Usage-Changing Data Types,As discussed previously,Many operations must be on the correct data type.,Many operations result in a different data type than the inputs.,Ex1:The,Dot,product of two,Vector,is a,Scalar,.,Ex2:Obtaining the,Unit Vec,Normal,to a,Surf,Generates a,Vector,.,Some calculator buttons exist primarily to assist in type conversion.,Vec?,Converts,Scl,to,Vec,data,Scal?,Does the reverse,Cmplx,Real,or,Cmplx,Imag,takes a,Scl,component from a,CSc,or,CVc,.,Cmplx,CmplxR,or,Cmplx,CmplxI,take a,Vec,or,Scl,component and make it the real or imaginary part of a complex value,CVc,or,CSc,respectively.,Always think of what type of data you are working with and whether or not it is compatible with your desired operation.For example,not the INTEGRAL sign is in the Scalar column,implying that to integrate complex numbers you will have to integrate the real and imaginary components separately,performing an integration by parts.,HFSS Field Calculator:Usage-Input Types,The available field inputs are,E,:The complex vector E field data everywhere in the modeled geometry;,H,:The complex vector H field data everywhere in the modeled geometry;,Poynting,:The time-average Poynting vector computed from above as,(,E,H,*),:,Jvol,:Current density in a volume,computed as(,+,j,”,),E,which contain both conduction and displacement current;,Jsurf,:Net surface current computed as,n,(,H|,top tetrahedra,-H|,bottom tetrahedra,),:,Unlike other quantities,Jsurf,can only be output on an object surface geometry.,E,H,Jsurf,Jvol,Poynting,E,and,H,are Peak Phasor representation of the steady state fields.Therefore the current representation J derived from,n,H,or,E,are also peak phasor quantities.The,Poynting Vector,input is a time-averaged quantity.,HFSS Field Calculator:Usage-Output Types,Different data output can be generated depending on selected Output column button and stack content(s):,Value,is used to take the“value”of a field stack entry on a specific geometry;,Eval,turn stack placeholder text into final numerical answer;,Write,and,Export,outputs stack data to output file formats for use outside the calculator or current project.,HFSS Field Calculator:Usage-Possible Operations,As long as you can perform the math using the interface,there is,no restriction,on the possible calculator operations available:,Outputs derived can be other than“Electromagnetic”in nature;,Pure Geometric operations(vector and surface cross and dot products,generation of iso-surface contours from any scalar data field imported into the geometry,etc),Thermal heating computations derived from field values combined with thermal mass characteristics and equations;,Integrations to obtain summary quantities such as Quanlity factors,power dissipation or flux,etc.,Post-Processor Exercise:Helix,Interaction Impedance:,Calculating Point,Cut Plane,Z,=2,/,g,g,=v,p,/f,色散特性模拟,在的三维仿真软件都能提供周期边界条件,(periodic boundary condition),，或叫主,-,从边界条件（,master-slave boundary condition,）。使用周期边界条件仿真时只需要建一个螺旋周期的模型，并指定任意的相移,，利用三维仿真软件的本征模求解器,(eigenmode solver),计算出最低模的谐振频率,，通过,下面的公式,就可求出相速,。,是空间基波的相位传播常数，是螺旋线的螺距，是角频率。改变指定的相移 的数值，就可以得到一组对应的 的色散关系曲线。,耦合阻抗模拟,耦合阻抗是表征轴上纵向高频电场与电子注进行相互作用大小的一个基本参量。耦合阻抗越高，则高频场与电子注之间的能量交换越充分，对应管子的增益和效率就越高。螺旋慢波系统由于其纵向的周期性，由弗洛奎定理可知存在纵向空间高次谐波，但能与电子注同步并发生有效相互作用的是空间谐波中的基波成分，所以我们一般只计算基波的耦合阻抗。螺旋慢波系统的空间基波耦合阻抗定义，如,下,所示。,其中，,是空间基波的轴线上纵向电场幅值,。是沿轴线传播的功率。,耦合阻抗模拟,其中，,为螺旋慢波系统的纵向周期即螺距，,是总的轴线纵向电场，,。,衰减常数模拟,这里讲的衰减常数是冷波衰减是指没有电子注存在情况下慢波系统的高频损耗，主要由螺旋线、加载和管壳的金属损耗，以及由夹持杆的介质损耗构成。以,为单位的衰减常数定义，如,下,式所示,其中，是螺旋慢波系统的螺距，是每周期的功率损耗，是系统传输的平均功率流。,衰减常数模拟,在本征模状态，可以通过下式计算。,其中，,为慢波系统一个周期的储能,。,为慢波系统一个周期体积的品质因数,Single-Value Outputs,Export the field solution to a uniform grid,Export the field solution to a uniform grid,耦合带状线及耦合微带线,(coupled stripline and coupled microstrp line),耦合传输线：,两根或多根彼此靠的很近的非屏蔽传输线系统,对称,非对称,可用于设计各类器件,定向耦合器,混合电桥,滤波器,2.,耦合线理论与奇耦模分析方法,耦合形式分为：,常用的耦合微带线是侧边耦合对称耦合微带线,奇耦模分析方法,利用对称性,奇模激励,(,odd-mode excitation,):,大小相同，方向相反的电流对耦合线两导带的激励（中心电壁）,偶模激励,(,even-mode excitation,):,大小相同，方向相同的电流对耦合线两导带的激励（中心磁壁）,(odd/even excitation methods),V=0,H=0,V,-V,odd/even excitation methods(continue 1),描述传输线的基本参数,传播常数：,衰减常数；,相位常数,相位速度,波长,特性阻抗,奇模相速度、奇模波导波长和奇模特性阻抗,耦合系数,奇模阻抗,双线特性阻抗,单线特性阻抗,偶模相速度、偶模波导波长和偶模特性阻抗,偶模阻抗,均匀填充介质的对称线,耦合系数的分贝耦合度为,:,4.3-25,特性阻抗分类,差分阻抗,