1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,词性详解-名词,小升初语法,noun,E,nglish,G,rammar,名 词,英语名称,意义,简写,Noun,n.,表示人、事物、地方、,现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。,普通名词与专有名词,可数名词与不可数名词,可数名词的单复数,不可数名词,名词所有格,名词的句法功能,名 词,名 词,名 词,可数名词,普通名词,抽象名词,集体名词,不可数名词,(如:,teacher,,,pen,student,desk,),(如:,family,class,,,police,),(如:,tea,water,paper,),(如:,
2、news,love,peace,),专有名词,(如:,Tom,、,China,、,the United States),个体名词,物质名词,名 词,专有名词,专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。,专有名词的,第一个字母要大写,!,。,人名、地名、国名及一些特定称谓的缩写都是专有名词,名 词,专有名词举例,人名,国名,某国人,地名,Lily,Jack,Tom,Mary,特定缩写,Cinderella,Pairs,Sydney,Lundon,New York,Australia,Italy,France,China,Japan,Chinese,French,Italian,Australi
3、an,Japanese,PRC,UK,USA,可 数 名 词,普通名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为 和,可数名词,不可数名词,可数名词,既可当可数名词又可以是不可数名词,如:,不可数名词,有复数形式,an apple,bread,milk,a bag,two apples,some bags,一般没有复数形式,rice,ice-cream,salad,drink,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,book,-Book,s,/bks/,pet,-pet,s,/pets/,bag,-bag,s,/b,gz/,bed,-bed,s,/bedz/,key,-key,s,
4、/ki:z/,boy,-boy,s,/b,z/,一般情况,加,-,s,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,加,-e,s,以,s,x,ch,sh,等,结尾的词,class,-class,es,/kl:sz,/,box,-box,es,/bksz,/,watch,-watch,es,/wtz,/,dish,-dish,es,/dz,/,或,/klsz/,或,/ba:ksz,/,或,/w:tz,/,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,变,y,为,i,再加,-e,s,以辅音字母加,y,结尾的词,family,-famili,es,/fml
5、z,/,strawberry,-strawberri,es,party,-parti,es,/p:(r)tz/,/str:brz,/,或,/str:berz/,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,去掉,f,或,fe,加,-,ves,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,wolf,knife,-kni,v,e,s,-wol,v,es,navz,wlvz,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,-,es,以,o,结尾的有生命的词,黑人,Negro-Negro,es,ni:grz,英雄,hero-hero,es,hrz,土豆,potato-pota
6、to,es,ptetz,西红柿,tomato-tomato,es,t m:tz,可数名词的单复数,情况,(,规则变化,),构成方法,例词,读音规则,在,/s/,/z/,/,/t/,/d/,等后读,z,在清辅音后读,/s/,;,浊辅音和元音后读,/z/,;,名词的单复数,构成方法(不规则变化),例 词,内部元音发生变化,词尾发生变化,个别名词单复同形,表示某国人时,,中日不变,,英法变,,其他国家加,s,foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men mouse-mice,ox-oxen child-children,deer-deer fish-fish s
7、heep-sheep,1.Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese,2.Frenchman-Frenchmen,Englishman-Englishmen,3.German-Germans,Russian-Russians,Americans Australians Indians,名 词,特殊情况,(1),有些名词只有复数形式,如:,clothes,,,shorts,,,pants,,,scissors(,剪刀,),,,goods,,,glasses(,眼镜,),(2),有些名词以,s,结尾,,但不是复数形式,如:,news,,,maths,,,physics,,,
8、politics,(3),有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:,room(,空间,)a room(,房间,),work(,工作,)works(,著作,),名词单复数练习,例,1,下列几组复数名词中,,每组都有一个错词,请指出:,1,A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen,2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes,3.A.desks B.Americans C.friends D.breads,4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies,5.A.leaves B.kn
9、ives C.roofes D.shelves,6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths D.fifths,说出下列名词的复数形式,child,foot,tooth,goose,ox,mouse,man,woman,policeman,gentleman,Englishman,Frenchwoman,sheep,fish,deer,Japanese,Chinese,people,German,American,children,feet,teeth,geese,oxen,mice,men,women,policemen,gentlemen,Englishmen,French
10、women,sheep,fish,deer,Japanese,Chinese,people,Germans,Americans,不可数名词,water,oil,bread,wood,没有复数形式,a,an,a.of.,或 数词,+,名词复数,+of,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,等是不可数名词。不可数名词,。不可数名词前不可以加 或 这样的冠词。要表示量,需要用,(),的形式,例如,:,a piece of bread,three,pieces,of bread,一片面包,三片面包,of,前用的是数量名词,,of,后是不可数名词,不可数名词,不可数名词:(前面不能用,a,an,等来修饰),到目前
11、为止我们所学的不可数名词有:,液体类,:,肉类,:,抽象名词类:,食物类,:,不可数名词计量的表达,:,个数单位词:,piece,(张、片、块、条),容器单位词:,bottle,(瓶),bag,(包),box,(盒、箱),类别单位词:,kind(,种、类,),度量衡单位词:,kilo(,千克、公斤,),water,:,juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee,meat,,,beef,pork,mutton,food,rice,porridge,junk food ,tofu,news,money,work,homework,housework,schoolwork,hel
12、p,fun,health,pric,等,不可数名词,记住,:roof roofs,chef chefs,chief-chiefs,Exercises:,1.,把下面名词变为复数,:,City,brush,Leaf,potato,Tomato bread,milk,beef,2.,翻译下面的词组,:,1.,两杯咖啡,2.,四块面包,3.,七袋大米,4.,八只鹿,5.,一瓶水,6.,三个男孩,two cups of coffee,four pieces of bread,seven bags of rice,eight deer,a bottle of water,three boys,名词的所有
13、格,双重所有格,单重所有格,of,所有格,s,所有格,名词所有格,表示所属关系,名词的所有格,构成方法,例句,Linda,s,desk,the boy,s,friends,the children,s,Day,Lucy and Lily,s,mother,Lucy,s,and Lily,s,books,today,s,newspaper,fifteen minute,s,walk,表示时间、距离的名词可以加,s,或,构成所有格形式,一般在有生命名词后加,s,构成。,若以,S,结尾复数名词,则在,S,后加,若不是以,S,结尾的复数名词,则加,s,表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加,s,.,
14、表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加,s,.,表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格 后面的名词,at my uncle,s,=at my uncle,s,home,s,所有格,名词的所有格,of,所有格,表示,无生命事物的所有关系:,a map of China,the name of the film,the cover of the book,电影的名字,中国地图,书的封面,一般用,.of.,结构来表示,无生命的名词所有格:,2),名词,+of+,名词性物主代词,1),名词,+of+s,名词所有格,:a friend of Jack,s,3.,名词的双重所有格,:,就是指同时既,使用,
15、s,所有格又使用,of,所有格。,a friend of,hers,a photo of Mr Smiths,a photo of Mr Smith,史密斯先生收藏的一张照片,史密斯先生照的一张照片,名词的所有格,名词的所有格,my teacher,s,office,students,exercise books,Children,s,Day,today,s,newspaper,15 minutes,walk=a 15-minute walk,to Tom,s,=to Tom,s,house,1,我老师的办公室,2,学生们 的练习本,3,儿童节,4,今天的报纸,5,十五分钟的路程,6,到汤
16、姆家去,名词的所有格,Practice,名词的所有格,7,广东的省会,8,教室的门,9,我父亲的一个朋友,10,他的两个兄弟,11,爱迪生的一些发明,12,他弟弟的一张照片,(,照片属于他弟弟,),13,他弟弟的一张照片,(,照片里的人是他弟弟,),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my father,(s),two brothers of his,some inventions of Edisons,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother
17、名词的句法功能,The Great Wall,is the longest building in the world.,He is still a,child,.,Tim likes the,book,.,I think him a good,teacher,.,There is a small,stone,door.,名词在句子中可作 、,宾语、,宾语补足语,主语,表语,例如:,作主语,作表语,作宾语,作补语,和,定语,等。,作定语,名词的句法功能,1,名词作主语,Physics is a new subject in Grade Eight.,My glasses are red.,A
18、new,pair,of pants is on the bed.,Two pairs of pants are on the bed.,一些以s结尾的名词。如:maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词,在句中作主语时,,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;a(this)pair of名词复数时,,其主语是a(this)pair,故谓语动词应用单数形式。如:,名词的句法功能,(2),表示时间、,金钱、距离、价格等名词后加,s,作主语时,,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式。如:,Her family,is moving to Liaoning next week.,Her famil
19、y,are having supper now.,Twenty dollars,is enough,.,Three months,is a short time.,(3)family,,,class,,,police,等作主语时,,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数;,当表示其中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:,名词的句法功能,(4,),主语后跟,with,,,except,,,together with,,,as well as,等短语时,,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致,而不受这些短语的,影响。如,Mr Li with his students is discussing the
20、 math problem.,All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.,名词的句法功能,2,名词作定语,There is one toy factory in the city.,There are two,toy,factories in the city.,(1),名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:,(2),woman,man,做定语修饰名词时,若所修饰的名词是单数,,则,man,和,woman,用单数。若所修饰的名词是复数,则,man,和,woman,用复数。如:,There is a woman teacher.,There are three women teachers,.,THE END,






