选修7unit1grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Revise the Infinitive,Unit 1 Grammar,Marty says,2.Then I started to get weaker and weaker,Unfortunately,the doctors,dont know how to make,me better,but I am very,outgoing and have learned to adapt to,my disability.,3.Even after all that,no one could give,my disease a name and it is difficult,to know what the future holds.,Sentences from this unit:,4.Sometimes,too,I was,too weak to go to school so,my education suffered.,6.My ambition is to work for a firm that,develops computer software when I,grow up.,Marty says,5.I am happy to have found many,things I can do,like writing and,computer programming.,Marty says,7.Last year I invented,and a big company has,decided to buy it from me.,8.I have a very busy life with no time,to sit around feeling sorry for myself.,10.Just accept them for who they are,and,give them encouragement to live as rich,and full a life as you do.,9.To look after my pets properly takes a,lot of time,不定式由“,to+,动词原形,”构成,其否定形式是“,not/never to do,”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“,for+,名词或代词宾格构成。,不定式,动词不定式的作用,Functions of Infinitive,1,主语,(subject),2,表语,(predicative),3,宾语,(object),4,宾补,(object complement),5,定语,(attribute),6,状语,(adverbial),7,独立结构,(absolute construction),一、不定式作主语,(subject),To keep smiling,is healthy for you.,It,s important,to look up the new,words in the dictionary,when you,study English.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,若不定式太长,往往用,it,作形式主语,不定式后置。,My job,to protect the world,.,Your task,is,to _.,is,二、不定式作表语,(predicative),Seeing is to believe.,To see is believing.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,不定式常用在系动词,be,seem,appear,get,remain,等后作表语。,All you have to do is,(,to,),finish the,job quickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的,do,用作表语的不定式可省略,to,。,Jeremy Lin likes,to play,basketball,.,The girl decided,to do it herself,.,We hope,to get there before dark,.,三、不定式作宾语,(object),常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：,agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish,四、不定式作宾补,(object complement),My mum asks me,to play the piano,two hours every day.,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,I expect you,to give me some help,.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,等,+,sb,.to do,sth,.,notice,listen to,hear,watch,五看,see,look at,observe,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉,:,feel,+,sb,.do,sth,.,（,不带,to,）,1.They saw the boy,fall,suddenly from,the tree.,The boy was seen,to fall,suddenly,from the tree.,当以上的动词用于被动式，,to,要还原：,Mother made John,wash,the car for,a week.,John was made,to wash,the car for,a week.,不定式做宾补时不带,to,的情况,1,不定式在感官动词,(feel,hear,listen to,watch,look at,notice,observe),后；,2,使役动词,(let,have,make),后边作,宾补时,省去,to,但是在被动语态中,要还原,to,；,3,不定式用在介词,but,except,besides,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的,各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to,。,1)She could,do,nothing,but cry,.,2)I,have,no choice,but to go,.,3)What do you like to,do,besides sleep,.,五、不定式作定语,(attribute),1.Kate is looking for a,suitable coat,to wear,.,2.Tom has a nice pen,to write with,.,1.,不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,(a),She was very busy and had no time,to,visit her friends,.,(,b),Ladies and gentlemen,I have,something important,to tell you,.,不定式作定语,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种关系：,I have a lot of work,to do,.,我有很多工作要做。,He is always the first,to come,.,他总是第一个来。,We all have a chance,to go to college,.,我们都有上大学的机会。,(1),动宾关系,(2),主谓关系,(3),同位关系,2.,当被,the first,the last,the only,等词以及形容词最高级修饰时,eg,:,She is always,the first,to come and,the last,to leave.,3.something,anything,nothing,everything,等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,eg,:Ive grown so crazy about,everything to do,with nature.,注意比较：,1)Have you anything,to send,?,你有什么东西要寄吗？,2)Have you anything,to be sent,?,你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？,（不定式,to send,的动作执行者是,you,）,（不定式,to be sent,的动作执行者是,已被省略的,me,或,someone else,）,5.,如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需,适当的介词。,Please pass me some paper to write,_.,on,4.,也可用在,have to do,和,there be,句型中。,There is no one,to take care of her,.,I have no jewelry,to wear,.,I got up early to _.You came here to _.,in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to,catch the train,六、不定式作状语,(adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg,:He spoke loudly(so as/in order),to be heard,.,1),表示目的,:,to,in order to,so as to,不定式作状语,2),表示原因,:,不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作,状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed,等。,eg,:Im glad/pleased,to see you,.,We were surprisedto hear the news,.,so+adj./adv.+as to do,such+n.+as to do,adj./adv.+enough+to do,too+adv./adj.+to do,He was,so,foolish,as to,believe it.,=He was,such,a fool,as to,believe it.,=He was foolish,enough to,believe it.,3),结果状语,:,To tell the truth,I am not happy at the,moment.,to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,七、,独立结构,(absolute construction),1.It is good,to help others,.,2.It is my ambition,to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings,.,3.My ambition is,to work in the computer industry when I grow up,.,Identify its function.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),想一想,4.I dont have time,to sit around,feeling sorry for myself.,5.I am the only student in my class,to have a pet snake,.,6.A big company has decided,to buy it from me,.,7.My fellow students have begun,to accept me for who I am,.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8.I have had to work hard,to live a normal life,.,9.Some days I am too tired,to get out of bed,.,10.We must call on local government,to,give financial assistance to disabled,people,.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(object complement),动词不定式的时态和语态,时 态,主 动,被 动,一般时,进行时,完成时,完成进行时,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have beendoing,to be done,to have been,done,(1)They pretended not,to see us,.,(2)He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3)She pretended,to have known it before,.,(,一般,时,表示与谓语的动作同时,/,几乎,/,发生在它之后。,),(,在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。,),(,完成,时,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,),(4)Were happy,to have been working with,you,.,(,完成进行,时,表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。,),不定式的时态,不定式的一般时,to do,I am glad,to see you,.,He has decided,to give her,some money.,表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作,或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是,在它之后发生。,不定式的进行时,to be doing,I am very glad,to be working,with you.,He pretended,to be working,hard,when his boss passed him.,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动,作同时发生。,不定式的完成时,to have done,H,e happened,to have seen,the,film before.,T,he novel is believed,to have been,translated,into Chinese.,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作,或状态之前。,He wanted,to have met,you at the,airport,but he didnt get there in time.,表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned,He would like to,have played,the,violin at the concert.,不定式的完成时在,would like,后边表示,未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态,to do,被动语态,to be done,It is an honor for me,to be invited,to,attend the meeting.,Everyone likes the hero,to be praised,.,1.prefer n.(doing)to n.(doing),2.prefer to do,sth,.rather than do,sth,.,3.would rather do,4.would rather句子（虚拟语气）,5.advise/allow/permit/forbid,sb,.to do,advise/allow/permit/forbid doing,固定词组和句型,几对易混淆的词组：,stop to do,sth,.,停下来去做某事,doing,sth,.,停止做某事,forget to do,sth,.,忘记去做某事,doing,sth,.,忘记已做了某事,remember to do,sth,.,记得去做某事,doing,sth,.,记得曾经做某事,The question is very difficult,to answer,.,The problem is difficult,to deal with,.,1.,主语,+be+adj.+to do,能用于此句型的形容词有,:,difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome,(,使人疲劳的,),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,The box is light enough,to,carry.,The river water is warm enough,to,swim in.,2.,主语,+be+adj.+enough+to do,The books seemed,too,heavy,to,carry.,The ice is,too,thin,to,skate on.,3.,主语,+be+too+adj.+to do,1.Last summer I took a course on _.,A.how to make dresses,B.how dresses be made,C.how to be made dresses,D.how dresses to be made,2.Ive worked with children before,so,I know what _ in my new job.,A.expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D.expects,3.There are five pairs _,but I am at,a loss which to buy.,A to be chosen B to choose from,C to choose D for choosing,4.I find these problems are easy _.,A.to be worked out,B.to work them out,C.to work out,D.to be worked them out,5._ late in the morning,Bob turned,off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having slept,6.Tom kept quiet about the accident,_ lose his job.,A.so not as to B.so as not to,C.so as to not D.not so as to,7.The patient was warned _ oily,food after the operation.,A.to eat not B.eating not,C.not to eat D.not eating,Review,不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语和定语。,不定式的完成时：,to+have+,动词的过去分词,不定式的被动式：,to+be+,动词的过去分词,Individual activity,注,:,另附,word,文档。,点击此处链接,1._ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.(2006,广东,),A.Having made,B.Make,C.To make,D.Making,I.Multiple choice.,2.Leonardo,da,Vinci(1452-1519)_,birds kept in cages in order to have the,pleasure of setting them free.(2007,重庆,),A.is said to be buying,B.is said to have bought,C.had said to buy,D.has said to have bought,3.I like getting up very early in summer.,The morning air is so good _.,(2008,全国,),A.to be breathed B.to breathe,C.breathing D.being breathed,4.Did the book give the information you,needed?,Yes.But _ it,I had to read the,entire book.(2008,北京,),A.to find B.find,C.to finding D.finding,5.David threatened _ his neighbor,to the police if the damages were not,paid.(2009,上海,),A.to be reported B.reporting,C.to report D.having reported,6.With the world changing fast,we have,something new _ with all by,ourselves every day.(2009,重庆,),A.deal B.dealt,C.to deal D.dealing,7.The children all turned _ the,famous actress as she entered the,classroom.(2009,全国,I),A.looked at B.to look at,C.to looking at D.look at,8.All of them try to use the power of the,workstation _ information in a,more effective way.(2009,北京,),A.presenting B.presented,C.being presented D.to present,9.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the,bank _ presents for my dad.,(2010,全国,I),A.buy B.to buy,C.buying D.to have bought,10.We were astonished _ the temple,still in its original condition.(2010,辽宁,),A.finding B.to find,C.find D.to be found,11.I have a lot of readings _ before,the end of this term.(2010,山东,),A.completing B.to complete,C.completed D.being completed,12.In many peoples opinion,that,company,though relatively small,is,pleasant _.(2010,四川,),A.to deal with B.dealing with,C.to be dealt with D.dealt with,13.Harrison Ford is thought to be one,of the few movie stars _ as a,carpenter before.(2011,上海春,),A.to work,B.to be working,C.to have worked,D.to have been working,14.The difference in thickness and weight,from the earlier version makes the,iPad,2 more comfortable _.(2011,福建,),A.held B.holding,C.be held D.to hold,15.The ability _ an idea is as,important as the idea itself.(2011,湖南,),A.expressing B.expressed,C.to express D.to be expressed,16.Having finished her project,she was,invited by the school _ to the new,students.(2012,江西,),A.speaking B.having spoken,C.to speak D.to have spoken,17.This machine is very easy _.,Anybody can learn to use it in a few,minutes.(2012,辽宁,),A.operating B.to be operating,C.operated D.to operate,18.Volunteering gives you a chance _,lives,including your own.(2013,北京,),A.change B.changing,C.changed D.to change,19I stopped the car _ a short break,as I was feeling tired.(2013,山东,)A.take B.taking,C.to take D.taken,20._ warm at night,I would fill the,woodstove,then set my alarm clock,for midnight so I could refill it.,(2013,湖南,),A.StayingB.Stayed,C.To stayD.Stay,1.,爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。,_ are both great happiness.,2.,据说他已经完成了他的工作。,He is said _,_.,3.,根据报道他们已安全到达。,They are reported _.,To love and to be loved,to have finished/completed,his work,II.Translation.,to have arrived safely,4.,我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。,I want this bike _,_.,5.,玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。,Mary seemed _.,6.,众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚,金牌。,He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,III.,阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和,上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括,号中词语的正确形式填空。,Children arent born knowing that some people may be different from them.Children have to be taught what disabilities are so that they can understand them.They also have to know how _(treat)people with disabilities.,to treat,Talking to your kids about disabilities is an important aspect of the parenting role.Your children should know that it is wrong _(make)fun of people just because they are different.Children need to learn _(respect)others if they themselves want _(respect).It is parents job _(make)sure their children understand disabilities and treat all people kindly.,to make,to respect,to be respected,to make,I want to tell you something.,Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible.The beginning of the passage is given below.,For example,Hi,I want,to tell you something,.I will go,to,Ruian,for shopping this afternoon.Do,you want,to go with me,?First,Id like,to,go to,Kaitai,Store,.But,to be frank,most,of time I am there only,to do some,window shopping,because everything is,expensive.Then,I plan,to go to,HongQiao,Road to buy some clothes,.I like,to try the,new fashion style of this season,.By the,way,do you know anything,to entertain us,?,If so,I cant wait,to have a try,!,Why not come and join me?,Homework:,1.Revise the infinitive.,2.Finish the exercises,on Page 5.,Thank you!,