医学颈动脉夹层专业知识讲座专题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,颈动脉夹层专业知识讲座,动脉夹层的定义,动脉剥离(arter dissection)是血液进入动脉壁形成血肿或动脉壁内自发性血肿,使血管壁间剥离,导致动脉管腔狭窄或血管破裂,如果形成瘤样突起，称为夹层动脉瘤(dissecting aneurysm),动脉夹层模式图,The Neurologist 2008;14:6673,颈动脉夹层的模式图,N Engl J Med.2001 22;344(12):898-906,病例分享,病例分享,病例分享,Neurosurgery.43(2):357-359,病例分享,病例分享,DSA,常见征象,卒中或者,TIA,的发病机制,栓子？,血流动力学？,TCD 栓子监测,Traumatic,Spontaneous,Total,No.,10,7,17,TCD Emboli,6,（,60%,）,4,（,58%,）,10,（,59%,）,Stroke.1996;27:1226-1230,影像学特点与发病机制,Stroke.1998;29:2646-2648.,抗栓开始和结束的时间,局部症状和缺血的时间间隔,Time Interval Between First,Local and Ischemic Signs,Study,TIA,Completed strokes,Fisher(1982),Mins to 5 mo,1 hour to several weeks,Mean:2645 d,Mean:7.89 d,Hart and Easton(1983),Several hours or days,Biller(1986),A few hours to 7 days from trauma to symptoms,Mokri(1990),A few mins to 2 wks,Biousse,Mins to 66 d,Mins to 31 d,Mean:10.513.5 d,Mean:56.5 d,Stroke.,1995;26:235-239,抗栓治疗的时限,动脉夹层最初36个月有再发卒中的风险,6个月后很少再发,颈动脉夹层,抗凝,vs,抗血小板,很多学者倾向于抗凝,Stroke.2007;38:2605-2611,2008 meta-analysis,Medline and PubMed were searched from 1966 to 8 April 2007,cervical artery dissection,34 non-randomised studies,762 patients,JNNP,2008;79;1122-1127,Outcome:Stroke,JNNP,2008;79;1122-1127,Outcome:TIA+Stroke,JNNP,2008;79;1122-1127,Outcome:Stroke+Death,JNNP,2008;79;1122-1127,2008 meta-analysis Conclusions,对于颈动脉夹层的患者，没有证据支持抗凝治疗优于抗血小板治疗,需要前瞻性的随机对照试验对比抗凝治疗和抗血小板治疗的有效性,JNNP2008;79;1122-1127,Aspirin vs anticoagulation in carotid artery dissection,Neurology 2009;72:18101815,Prospectively collected data from 298 consecutive patients with sICAD,，,nonrandomized,Anticoagulation,(n96),Aspirin,Prospectively collected,data of consecutive,patients with sICAD,(n202),new cerebral,ischemic events,Outcome,Outcome,symptomatic intracranial,hemorrhage,major extracranial bleeding,Outcome,Neurology 2009;72:18101815,Conclusions,局限性：非随机的研究,自发颈动脉夹层的患者其新发生的脑和视网膜缺血事件的发生频率较低,新发事件与抗栓治疗的方法可能无关（抗凝 vs 抗血小板）,最大型的研究,CADISS,仍在进行中,CADISS,Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study,prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial,in acute(within 7 days of onset)carotid and vertebral artery dissection,Intracerebral artery dissection is excluded,Int J Stroke.2007 Nov;2(4):292-6,CADISS-Design,Antiplatelet therapy,aspirin,dipyridamole or clopidogrel alone or in dual combination,Anticoagulation therapy,heparin followed by warfarin aiming for an International Normalised Ratio(INR)in the range 23 for at least 3 months,Sample size-3000,Int J Stroke.2007 Nov;2(4):292-6,2011 AHA,二级预防指南（总结）,合并缺血性卒中或者,TIA,的颅外颈动脉或者椎动脉夹层的患者，抗栓治疗至少,3-6,个月,(Class IIa;Level of Evidence B).,合并缺血性卒中或者,TIA,的颅外颈动脉或者椎动脉夹层的患者，应该选择抗血小板治疗还是抗凝治疗还不清楚,(Class IIb;Level of Evidence B),(New recommendation),Stroke,Jan 2011;42:227-276,