大学英语B级考试词汇和结构辅导优质课件专业知识讲座.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。,题型与考点分析,词汇与结构题主要测试考生运用词汇，短语，及语法知识的能力，分选择题和填空题两部分。,通过近五年的真题分析，词汇部分的考点主要集中在：,a.,词义辨析含固定词组的意义辨析,(,占,21%),b.,词性转换（,21%,）,c.,固定搭配,/,短语（,8%,）,d.,形容词、副词比较级和最高级（,5%,）,题型与考点分析,语法部分的考点主要集中在以下几个方面：,a.,虚拟语气,(6%),b.,非谓语动词（,13.5%,）,c.,时态和语态（,11.5%,）,d.,各类从句（,9%,）,e.,倒装句、强调句和感叹句（,3%,）,f.,主谓一致（,2%,）,词义辨析解题指导,词义辨析在,B,级考试中是一个必考项目，而且比重,不小。解答这类题型时，必须牢记一点：,结合上下文语境，确定空白处所需的单词或短语的含义和词性，再从选项出发，辨析各选项的细微差别，从而选出最佳答案。,固定搭配,/,短语解题指导,这一块内容需要大家平时多,注意积累和记忆，别无他法,：,真题汇编：,2010,年,6,月,1.I am sorry,，,but I have a question to _ you,A)treat B)influence C)ask D)change,答案,(C),本题考查动词与名词的搭配。注意双宾语结构,ask sb.a question,。,2.If you move,，,you must inform us _ the change of you address.A)with,B)for C)in,D)of,答案,(D),本题考查介词与动词的搭配。,Inform sb.of sth.,意为“告诉某人某事”。,3.Dont _ me to help you if you are not working hard)A)guess,B)speak C)plan,D)expect,答案D),本题考查的是动词搭配。“,expect sb.to do”,搭配使用，意为“期望某人做某事”。,词性转换解题指导,词性转换在填空题中可谓是江山半壁。做这类题可以采取以下步骤：,1.,判断所给词的词性和词义,2.,通读整个句子，确定句中所需词的词性,a.,修饰形容词，动词和句子的需用副词,b.,修饰名词的一般用形容词,c.,系动词后一般用形容词作表语,d.,句子的主语和宾语一般用名词或代词，谓语用动词,形容词、副词比较级和最高级,从五年的真题来看，这块内容在每次的考试都有出现，但题量不大,1,题,/,年,。考点主要集中在：,a.,比较级,+than,（,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加,-er,，其他双音节词及多音节词在前加,more,most.,）,b.,句型“,the+,比较级,the+,比较级,”,c.,最高级（,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加,-est,；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加,most,）,不规则变化,good(well)-better-best,bad(ill)-worse-worst,many(much)-more-most,little-less-least,far-farther(,更远）,/further,（程度更深）,-farthest/furthest,old-older,（,比,年龄大,）,/elder,（,年长的，做定语,）,-oldest/eldest,虚拟语气考点梳理,一、,If,条件状语虚拟语气,a.,同现在事实相反的假设,:,条件从句中的,谓语动词用一般过去式,，,(,如果谓语动词是系动词，,要用,were,），主句的,谓语动词用,would(should,could,might)+,动词原形,。例如：,If I were you,I would go abroad.,b.,同过去事实相反的假设,:,条件从句中的,谓语动词用过去完成式，主句的谓语用,would(should,could,might)+have done,例如：,If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.虚拟语气,c.,表示,对将来的假想,:,条件从句的谓语动词,用,should+,动词原形，或,were to+,动词原形,，主句的谓语动词用,would(should,could,might)+,动词原形,，例如：,If you should succeed,everything would be all right.,虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有,were,should,或,had,可将,if,省略，再把,were,should,或,had,移到从句句首，实行倒装。例如：,Were they here now,they could help us.=If they were here now,they could help us.,虚拟语气,二、主语从句中的虚拟语气,1,）“,It is+,形容词,+that”,结构中主语从句的谓语动词要用,should,加动词原形，或将,should,省略，直接用动词原形,。这些形容词一般表示,“,应当，必须，惊奇，重要”,等意思，主要有：,essential,important,necessary,vital,desirable,imperative,advisable,surprising,incredible,obligatory,better,preferable,等，例如：,It is necessary that everyone keep a secret.,或,It is necessary that everyone should keep a secret.,虚拟语气,2,)“It is+,动词的过去分词,+that,从句”，,谓语动词要用,should,加动词原形，或将,should,省略，直接用动词原形,。这些动词一般表示“,要求，命令，建议等,”有：,require,demand,request,desire,suggest,recommend,order,decide,propose,等，例如：,It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.,虚拟语气,3)“,It is+,名词,+that,从句,”，从句中的谓语动词要用,should,加动词原形，或将,should,省略，直接用动词原形,。这些名词有，,a pity,a shame,no wonder,等，例如：,It is a pity that you should fail in the examination.,虚拟语气,三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：,1),在表示,命令、建议、要求,请求,等一类动词后面的,宾语从句中,，谓语动词用虚拟语气，谓语中的动词用,“,should+,动词原形”,或将,should,省略，直接用动词原形,。这些动词常见的有：,order,demand,desire,request,demand,require,insist,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,move,ask,maintain,urge,等，例如：,The doctor suggested that she not smoke.,虚拟语气,2,）动词,wish,后的宾语从句,，表示与事实相反的情况或不太可能实现的愿望，如果,表示与现在事实相反,，从句的谓语动词用一般,过去式,；如果,与过去事实相反,，从句的谓语动词用,过去完成时,；如果,与将来事实相反,，从句的谓语动词用“,would(could)+,动词原形,”例如：,She wished she had not said it.,虚拟语气,四、同位语从句或表语从句中的虚拟语气,在表示,“建议，计划，命令，要求,”,等含义的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中要求用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用,should+,动词原形或省略,should,直接用动词原形,，这些名词主要有：,demand,desire,requirement,advice,order,decision,suggestion,necessity,preference,plan,motion,idea,proposal,request,command,importance,recommendation,等，例如：,His suggestion is that you should attend the meeting.,虚拟语气,五、其他需要使用虚拟语气的句式,1,）,would rather,后可以,用动词原形,表示与现在或将来事实相反，用,“,have done”,表,示与过去事实相反，例如：,I would rather go shopping tomorrow than today.,Would rather,后接从句,时，如果表示与将来事实相反对愿望，从句中,用动词过去式,；表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用动词的过去式；表示,与过去事实相反,的愿望，用动词的,过去完成式,虚拟语气,2),“,It is high/about time+that,从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词一般用动词的,一般过去式,。例如：,It is high time that we began to work.,3),as if,as though,引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，以及,if only,引,导的句子，其,动词形式与,wish,宾语从句中的形式相同,，例如：,She loves the students as if they were her children.,虚拟语气,4,）在,“,in case,lest,for fear,”,引导的状语从句中表示“,以防，以免,”，从句的谓语动词用“,should+,动词原形,”。,You took the raincoat in case it should rain.,5),含蓄虚拟结构,:,含蓄虚拟条件句通常用,supposing,but for,but that,given,，,without,otherwise,等词引出,，例如：,But for his help,I would not have completed the task.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气真题汇编,1,If the engineer(come)_ here yesterday the problem would have been solved.(2010/6),答案,had come,此题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。,2.The adviser recommended that Mary(start)_ the training program as soon as possible.(2009/6),答案：（,should,）,start,考查动词,recommend,后宾语从句的宾语从句应为虚拟语气句。,虚拟语气,3.If I hadnt attended an important meeting yesterday,I _ to see you.(2008/6),A)will have come B)would have come,C)have come D)had come,答案,B,考查,If,引导的虚拟语气，从句用“,had done”,主句用“,would have done”,虚拟语气,4.The doctor recommended that Mary(start)_ the health program as soon as possible.(2008/6),答案（,should,）,start,考查虚拟语气 表示建议、请求、命令等动词之后的,that,从句中需要使用“,should+,动词原形”的形式，,should,可以省略。,虚拟语气,6 I would rather you(go)_with me tomorrow morning.(2007/6),答案,went,考查虚拟语气“,would rather+,从句”，从句要用过去时。,7.If I(be)_you,，,I wouldnt ask such a silly question.(2007/6),答案,were,考查,if,虚拟语气，与现在事实相反 从句用过去时。,虚拟语气,8 Look at the clock!Its time _ work.A)we started B)well start,C)were starting D)we have started,本题考查虚拟语气的用法。“,Its time/its about time/its high time”,之后的从句要用一般过去时表示一种婉转的建议或提议。,故正确答案是,A,。,非谓语动词考点梳理,非谓语动词,有,-ing,分词，不定式，,-ed,分词三种,不能单独作谓语。,非谓语动词考点主要集中在以下几点：,I,、,介词后加动词，动词要加,-ing,.,例如：,She apologized for,not being,able to take part in the party.,非谓语动词考点梳理,II,、,固定搭配（请大家平时注意积累。）,a,、,以下动词后常用不定式作宾语：,afford,agree,arrange,attempt,choose,dare,decide,determine,expect,happen,hesitate,intend,learn,manage,neglect,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,seem,swear,want,undertake,等 等。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II,、固定搭配,b,、以下动词后常用,-ING,分词作宾语：,appreciate,admit,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,excuse,favor,feel like,finish,imagine,mind,miss,postpone,resent,resist,suggest,等等,。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II,、固定搭配,c,、以下动词后既可以用,-ING,分词也可用不定式作宾语,/,宾补，但有很大的差别：,1,）,remember,，,forget,，,regret,后加,-ing,分词表示事情已发生；后加不定式表示事情未发生。,2,）,stop to do,表示停下来做另一件事,stop doing,表示停止正在做的事,3,）感官动词如,see ,watch,等,+sb.,后加,-ing,分词表示正在做某事；后加不带,to,的不定式则表示做了某事。,非谓语动词考点梳理,II,、固定搭配,4)used to do,过去常常做,be used to doing,习惯做,be used to do,被用来做,d,、使役动词后用不带,to,的不定式做宾补,改成被动后要还原,to.,make sb.,do,sb.be made,to do,非谓语动词考点梳理,II,、固定搭配,e,、其他固定搭配：,have sth.done ,keep(sb.)doing ,spend doing,，,it is/was+,形容词,+to do,it is/was+,名词,+doing,特殊疑问词,+to do,sth.needs doing,be worth doing,Youd better do,would like to do,cant help doing ,make oneself done,等等有很多，这就需要大家平时注意积累。,非谓语动词考点梳理,III.,考查非谓语动词时态语态意义的变化，特别非谓语动词作定语和状语时。,非谓语动词时态意义语态意义：,1,）不定式表示将来 主动,to do;,被动,to be done;,完成,to have done,2,）,-ing,分词表示进行 主动,doing;,被动,being done;,完成,having done,3,）,-ed,分词表示完成被动,非谓语动词考点梳理,例如：,A bridge,being built now,进行被动,-,正在修建的桥A bridge,to be built next year,将来被动,-,明年修建的桥,A bridge,built two years ago,完成被动,-,两年前修建的桥,非谓语动词考点梳理,IV.,非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题：,(1),不定式作后置定语,(2,）一般情况下单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。,例如：,I have an important meeting,to attend.,Our country is a,developing,country.,The car ran along the road,covered with snow,.,非谓语动词考点梳理,真题汇编：,2010,年,6,月,1.I feel its a great honor for me _ to this party.A)to invite,B)invite,C)having invited,D)to be invited,答案,(D),本题考查不定式作主语的用法。,It,在,feel,之后的宾语从句中充当形式主语，而真正的主语则是后面的不定式；此外，根据句子逻辑，应为“被邀请”之意，因此需要使用不定式的被动形式，即,to be invited.,