初中英语语法——冠词课件(22张).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,冠词篇,初中语法,冠词,1.,冠词的定义：,冠词是一种,虚词,，是名词的一种标志。本身不能独立使用，只能,放在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,，因此称为冠词。,2.,冠词的分类：,不定冠词：,a/an,冠词,定冠词：,the,不定冠词,a,an,的用法,1.,概念：,不定冠词,a/an,与,one,同源，表示微弱,的“一”的,概念，但并不,强,调,数目,，用来表示,不特定,的人,或事物。,a用在读音以,辅音音素,开头的单数可数名词或字母前。,an用在读音以,元音音素,开头的单数可数名词或字母前。,音素的定义音素是语音中的最小的单位，依据音节里的发音动作来分析，一个动作构成一个音素。音素分为元音、辅音两大类。,注意,判断一个单词是元音开头还是辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据首字母。,我们可以这样来记忆：,不见元音不加,an,，不看字母看发音,。,a,useful book;,一本有用的书,an,hour;,一个小时,ju:sfl a(r),a,usual boy;,一个普通的男孩,an,honest boy;,一个诚实的男孩,ju:ul nst,在26个字母中，前面用冠词,“,an,”,的字母有：,a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x,There is,an,“,f,”in the word“five”.,在,“five”,中有字母,“f”,。,2.,用法,表示,数量“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前。,a,book,一本,书,an,English girl,一个英国,女孩,表示,首次提到的人或事物,(,常用于介绍用语中,),。,This,is,a,key.,这是一把钥匙,。,泛指某一类人或事物。,A horse,is a useful animal.,马是有用的动物,。,不定冠词,a,an,的用法,a/an,与,one,的区别,：,a/an,不强调数目，泛 指同类中,的“任何一 个,”。,one,强调数目，表示是“一个”，而,非“两个三个”,LOREM,表示,某一类人或事物中的任何一个。,There,is an elephant in the zoo,.,动物园,里有一头大象。,用于集体名词之前，强调整体,I have,a,big family.,我有一个大家庭。,不定冠词,a,an,的用法,用于抽象名词,前,使,抽象名词具体化，,表示,一次、一种、一,场,”,等,Its,a,pleasure to talk with you,.,和,你谈话很愉快,。,用于物质名词之前，表示“一种，一杯，一场”，类似于量词。,a,strong wind,一场大风,an,iced coffee,一杯冰咖啡,用于某些固定,搭配或结构中,have,a,look,看一看,take,awalk,散步,have,a,good time,过得愉快,what/such/quite,a(an),+,形容词,+,单数可数名词,It is quite a nice day.=What a nice day!,天气真好,不定冠词,a,an,的用法,1.I have _ apple.He has,_ orange.,2.This is _ egg.,3.Jim is _ honest boy and he is_university student.,4.Do you have _ computer?,5.There is _ car in front of the house.,6.English is _ useful language.,7.He is _ unhappy boy.,8.My father will come back in _ hour.,9.There is _ beautiful flower.,10.There is _“u”and _“s”in the word“use”.,不定冠词,a,an,的用法练习,an,an,an,a,a,a,a,a,a,an,an,an,an,定冠词the,1.,概念：,the是定冠词，与this,that,these,those同源，意为“这,那,这些,那些”，它可以用在名词前，表示特指的人或事物。,2.,用法：,和个体名词的单数或复数连用，表示,某个/些特定,的人或事物,，以区别于同类中的其他人或事物。,Give me,the,book.把那本书给我。=give me that book.,Bring me,the,books.把那些书带给我。=bring me those books.,特指说话双方,都知道,的人或事物。,Who is,the,girl,under the tree?,树下的那个女孩是谁？,Do you like,the,picture on the wall?,你喜欢墙上的这幅画吗？,指上文,提到,的人或事物。,This,is a pen.,The,pen is black,.,这是一支钢笔。这支钢笔是黑色的。,Look,there is a bird in the tree.,The,bird is sing.,看，树上有一只鸟,它正在唱歌。,冠定词the的用法,冠定词the的用法,用在世界上,独一无二,的事物前。,the,sun,太阳,the,earth,地球,the moon,月亮,the,world,世界,（,注意,：星星不是独一无二的，不能说,the star,）,和某些形容词连用，表示,一类,人或一类,事物，,姓氏复数前加,the,表示,一家人,。,the,old,老人,the,young,年轻人,the,poor,穷人,The Smiths,are having dinner together.,史密斯一家正在共进晚餐。,用于形容词,最高级、序数词,前面,the,most beautiful,最美,the,first time,第一次,the,second floor,二楼,The first,book is English book.,第一本书是英语书。,I am,the second,child in my family.我在家中排行第二。,用在,方位名词、,地点、时间,前。,the,east,东方,at,the,market,在市场上,the,west,西方,in,the,beginning,在开始,用,在一些,固定,短语中。,in,the,morning/afternoon/evening,在,上午,/,下午,/,晚上,on the left,在左边,on the right,在右边,in the middle of,：在,.,中间,冠定词the的用法,定冠词the的用法,用在,西方乐器,名词前。,play,the,piano,弹钢琴,play,the,violin,拉小提琴,与,专有名词,连用。,the,Great Wall,长城,the,Summer Palace,颐和园,the,United States of America,（美利坚合众国）,the,Yellow River(黄河),1.,earth goes round,sun.,2.Jim is,tallest and,most Interesting.,3.,man over there is my teacher.,4.There is,orange on the table.,orange is mine.,5.I live on,twelfth floor.,6._ Great Wall is,oldest building.,7.I have,aunt.,aunt is,doctor.,8.In this exam,he is,second.,9.Jim is,boy.He is,American boy.,10.,Yellow River is one of,longest rivers,.,定冠词,the,的用法练习,The,the,the,the,The,an,the,The,The,The,the,an,the,an,The,the,a,a,让我们做个小测验吧,不用冠词的情况（零冠词）,注意：如果是具体某年的某个季节，表示特指，需要用定冠词。,In the summer of the year 2010.,1.,在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科、节日等词前不用冠词,in summer in August on Sunday study physics,We all like Childrens Day.,我们都喜欢儿童节。,请区别：,in the spring of 1945 (,特指,加,the),2.一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词,have breakfast 吃早饭 play football 踢足球,He usually has breakfast at 7 o,clock.他经常7点吃早饭,3.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,each作定语,不用冠词.,This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。,Each boy has a workbook.每个男孩都有一本练习本。,4.一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔不用冠词,China 中国 Grade,7,七年级 Dr.Liu 刘博士,/,刘医生,meat,肉,He is president of USA.他是美国总统。,5.某些时候使用交通工具冠词要去掉,by bus /by taxi /by air /by sea,乘公交车,/,打出租,/,乘飞机,/,乘船,6.表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词,in purple in red Japanese Britain,Her coat is yellow.,她的外套是黄色的。,Chinese is my mother tongue.,汉语是我的母语。,We are Chinese.,我们是中国人。,7.固定词组,go to bed,睡觉,on time,准时,at night,在晚上,in time,及时,B,A,C,C,A,C,1,Does Jim have _ruler,？,Yes,，,he has _,A,an,；,some B,a,；,one C,a,；,D,any,；,one 2,There is _ old bike,_old bike is Mr.Zhaos,A,an,；,The B,the,；,An C,a,；,The D,the,；,The 3,_apple a day keeps the doctors away,A,The B,A C,An D,Two 4,How many books do you have,？,I have _ book,Thats _ English book,A,a,；,an B,a,；,one C,one,；,an D,one,；,one 5,At that time Tom was _one-year-old baby,A,a B,an C,the D,6,_tiger is _ China,A,The,；,a B,A,；,the C,The,；,from D,The,；,the,冠词小测验,7,We cant see _ sun at _ night,A,the,；,the B,the,；,C,a,；,D,；,8,_useful book it is,！,A,What an B,How a C,What a D,What,9,One afternoon he found _handbag,There was _“s”on the corner of _ handbag,A,a,；,an,；,the B,a,；,a,；,the C,an,；,an,；,an D,the,；,a,；,a,10,_old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _meeting,A,An,；,an,；,a B,The,；,an C,The,；,a D,The,；,the,11 _Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a,12 _new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River AThe；a BA；CA；the DAn；the,B,C,A,D,B,C,补充内容,在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别，如下：,in hospital,（在住院）,in,the,hospital,（在医院）,in prison,（在坐牢）,in,the,prison,（在监狱里）,at table,（吃饭,用餐）,at,the,table,（在桌旁）,in front of,（在某个范围之外的前面）,in,the,front of,（在某个范围之外的前面）,go to college,（上大学,）,go,to,the,college,（去那所大学）,take place,（发生）,take,the,place,（代替）,THANKS,谢谢观赏！,