英国历史英文版.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,*,A Brief History of the UK,Elizabeth I,England in 878,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Objectives,Starter,Teaching Points,Lesson Review,Case Study,Supplementary Reading,A Brief History of the UK,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Objectives,Acquire a general idea about the British history.,Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history.,Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Starter,Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,a,b,c,What?,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Stonehenge,One of the wonders of the world,which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC.Now as a world heritage site,Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages.,Map showing the location of Stonehenge,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Shakespeares Globe Theatre,A,theatrein,London,associated with,William Shakespeare,.It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares,playing company,the,Lord Chamberlains Men,and was destroyed by fire on,June 29,1613.,A second Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642.,Exterior of the modern reproduction of the Globe,Interior of the modern reconstruction,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,King Arthur,A legendary figure in the 5th century AD in British history.According to the legend,Arthur gathered a company of knights who sat together at Arthurs castle.He created the famous“round table”at which all would have equal right to be the king,sense of democracy.He united the British,and with his magical sword,Excalibur,drove the Saxons back.,Statue of King Arthur,The Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to King Arthur,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Teaching Points,A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UK,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Pre-reading:Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the UK by referring to the following chart.,Pre-Celtic Period,Celtic Age and Roman Invasion(1500BC-410AD),Anglo-Saxon Britain,Viking raids and Norman invasion(410-1066),Norman Rule(1066-1381),Transition to the Modern Age(1455-1688),Rise and Fall of the British Empire(1688-1945),Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Historic,Periods,Time,Major Incidents,Roman Period,43410,Christianity was brought to Britain,Norman Rule,10661381,Magna,Carta,;Black Death,Transition to,Modern Age,14551688,The War of Roses;English Renaissance,Rise of British,Empire,16881900,Industrial Revolution;Colonial Expansion,Fall of British,Empire,19141945,WWI;WWII;,Great Depression,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Pre-Celtic Period,Celtic Age and Roman Invasion1500BC,410AD),The first Celtic tribes,the Gaels,came to the British Isles between 800 and 700 BC.,Two centuries later,the Brythons or ancient Britons came,from whom the country was called Britain.,British-recorded history begins with the Roman invasion in 43AD.,Since then,England and Wales had been a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Pushing into Scotland,The Romans built a gigantic wall,Hadrians Wall,to control the frontier.,The Romans also brought the new religion,Christianity,to Britain.,The location of,Hadrians Wall,Hadrians Wall,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,When the Roman Empire came under the repeated attacks from the,Picts,and Scots and the invasion of the Germanic Saxon tribes,the Roman army pulled out of Britain in 410 AD,leading to the swift breakdown of Roman civilization.,It is said that in the 5th century AD,King Arthur united Britain,and drove the Saxons out of the country with his magical sword Excalibur.,King Arthur,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Invaders of three Teutonic tribes came to Britain in the mid-5th century.,firstly the Jutes in the mid-5th century,the Saxons from the end of 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century,the Angles who came in the second half of the 6th century,and who were to give their name to the English people.,Anglo-Saxon Britain,Viking raids and Norman invasion(410,1066),Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UKBy 850AD,the country was under sustained attacks from Viking raids.,The Saxon king,Alfred the Great,also known as“Father of the British Navy”,gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea.,By 955,Alfreds grandson Eadred,ruled over a united England and the government became centralized.,Alfred the Great,Eadred,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Viking invasions renewed till 1066 when King Harold marched north and won a victory over the Vikings.,On October 1066,William of Normandy,known as,“,William the Conqueror,”,defeated Harolds army,and crowned himself William I in London on Christmas Day 1066,becoming the first Norman king of England.,William the Conqueror,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,This period can be characterised as a transition from a tribal to feudal society.,The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain.,The names Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods.,Tiu,god of war,Woden,king of heaven,Thorgod of storms,Freya,goddess of peace,Christianity almost disappeared until 597,when Pope Gregory I of Roman came to England and began to convert the heathen English to Christianity.,Pope Gregory I,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Norman Rule(1066,1381),Under William the Conqueror,the feudal system was completely established.,He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers.,He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.,Relations with the Continents were opened.,Norman French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.,The church was kept completely under the control of the king.,The Norman culture flowered on the English soil.,Monasteries formed the new cultural,centers,.,Priory Church,Monastic Community,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Economic,administrative and legal reforms from Henry II,the first king of the House of Plantagenet:,abolishing the annual land tax,strengthening the kings Court and extending its judicial work,reforming certain abuses in Church government by restricting the power of the archbishop,Henry II,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,The reforms of the Church government brought King Henry into collision with Thomas Becket,the Archbishop of Canterbury,who was murdered at Canterbury Cathedral in 1170,by the order of King Henry.,Henry II expanded the British empire,and England continued to hold parts of France for 500 years until Calais was finally lost in 1558.,The Burial of Becket,Saint Thomas Becket,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,After Henry II,the English started running into problems,either with the Barons,the people or the pretenders of the throne.,The constant religious wars between Turkish Muslims and wars against France led to financial problems,and the confrontation between,King John and his barons in 1215.,King John was defeated by the barons and was forced to sign the,Magna,Cartathe Great Charter,the spirit of which was the limitation of the powers of the king,and the freedom of the Church.It is regarded as the foundation of English liberty.,Magna,Carta,John of England signs,Magna,Carta,.,John of England,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,During Henry,IIIs,reign,the system of Parliament was formed,but Parliament only met by royal invitation,and its role was to offer advice not to make decisions.,There were still no elections,no parties,and the most important part of the parliament was the House of Lords instead of the House of Commons.,Parliament,The English parliament,in front of the King,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Black Death(1348,1349),Black Death spread through Europe in the 14th century,and swept through England in 1348 without any cure,killing half of the population and causing enormous economic losses.,Black Death,in a,European,town,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Peasant Uprising(1381),This plague,together with the cruel policies of the ruling and government over the peasants,led to the uprising in 1381 led by,Wat,Tyler and Jack Straw.Although it was brutally suppressed,it had far-reaching significance in English history,paving the way for the development of capitalism in Britain.,Wat,Tylers death,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Hundred Years War with France(1337,1453),As the French kings grew stronger,they were eager to regain their large piece of land of Aquitaine which had long been occupied by the English.,In 1337,Edward III declared a war that was to last for a hundred years.The English were brilliantly successful till 1422.Encouraged by Joan of Arc,the national heroine,the French drove the English out of France.,By 1453,Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.,Edward III,Saint Joan of Arc,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Transition to the Modern Age(1455,1688),The Wars of Roses,This period was called the Wars of Roses,which lasted for about 30 years,caused by the two branches of the Plantagenet family,the house of Lancaster and the House of York,both attempting to dominate the government.,The last battle of the Wars of Roses was fought between King Richard III and Henry Tudor,descendant of John of Gaunt,Duke of Lancaster.Richard III lost his crown and his life.,After his victory,Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York(Edward IVs daughter),thus uniting the house of Lancaster and York,and putting the country under the rule of the Tudors.,Richard III,Lancaster,Rose,York Rose,Henry Tudor,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,English Renaissance,over two hundred years ruled by five Tudor monarchs over England and Wales and a period of administrative and religious reforms.,marking the end of the period of civil war and the establishment of a modern,efficient,centralized state,and a period of great achievement of literature.,the typical figure:William Shakespeare,the greatest dramatist and poet,who wrote several plays about the history of this period,such as,Richard II,Henry V,Richard III,.,William Shakespeare,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,The Civil Wars,Reasons,James Stuart believed in the Divine Right to rule as he pleased.This brought him into conflict with the English Parliament.,Results,By 1645 Cromwell won the decisive Battle of Naseby.Charles was captured and put on trial for treason in 1649.Cromwell dissolved parliament and started Englands only period of dictatorship.,Cromwells failure to put in place a workable alternative to the monarchy resulted in the Restoration,the return of Charles II from his exile in France.,James I of England,Oliver Cromwell,Charles I,Charles II,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Rise and Fall of the British Empire(1688,1945),With its advantageous geographical location,convenient sea and river transportation,Britain got large quantities of capital from overseas trade and colonies from the 18th century,which is the foundation of industrialization.,Britain was the first country to industrialize in the world.,Before the 18th century,most industries were done at home using very simple hand-operated machines.Now new techniques and water-powered machines resulted in organization of industries on a large scale.,Industrial Revolution(1780,1830),The 1698,Savery,Engine,Spinning Jenny,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,In 1765 the Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine that could be applied to textile and other machinery.,Many other important inventions were also made during this period.In addition,improved transportation ran parallel with production.By the early 19th century,Britain had a road network of about 125,000 miles.,James Watt and his steam engine,Spinning mule built by Samuel Crompton,A lathe from 1911,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,As a result of the industrial revolution,Britain was by 1830 the“Workshop of the World”,with no other country ready to compete with her in industrial production.,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583.,In the early 18th century,settlements were made in North America.,Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by the Industrial Revolution,the discoveries of new frontiers by men like Captain Cook,and especially by the rising tide of emigration,the British colonialists stepped up their expansion in the late 18th century and early 19th century.,Colonial Expansion(Late 18th,Early 19th Century),Joseph Smallwood signing the document bringing Newfoundland into Confederation,.,James Cooks,1775 chart of Newfoundland,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast,unpopulated territories in Canada,Australia and New Zealand,and in the early and middle of 19th century,it colonized large areas in Asia such as India and China.,By 1900,Britain had built up a big empire“on which the sun never set”,which included 25%of the worlds population and area.,British Empire in colored,British colonies in north America,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,At the beginning of the 20th century,France,Germany and America were becoming powerful competitors for world market.,The First World War was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two European power blocs:the“Central Powers”Germany and Austria-Hungary which were later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria,and the“Allies”Britain,France and Russia,which were later joined by Japan,Italy and the USA.,The war lasted for four years,ended by the Treaty of Versailles,imposed on Germany,formalizing the Allied victory.,Britain and the Two World Wars,Participants in World War I,The Central Powers and their colonies in orange,the,Allies,and their colonies in green,and neutral countries in gray.,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,The great losses of manpower and the disruption of economy during the first world war led Britain into serious social and financial problems.,By 1931,Britain was entering the Great Depression which was to give rise to the Second World War.,Chamberlain declared war on Germany on September 3,1939.Winston Churchill,the Prime Minister,led his country to final victory in 1945.,Chamberlain,Winston Churchill,Unit Two HistoryLesson 3 A Brief History of the UK,Due to the two wars,Britain lost one-quarter of her nation