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Main point,Bullet point,dash point,period point,Quote reference,MASTER SLIDE TITLE,-,*,-,LOGICAL THINKING AS A CONSULTANT,DURING THE COURSE OF A STUDY TEAMS ARE CONTINUALLY MOVING FROM THINKING TO DOING,The Problem Solving Process,Organising,Thinking,Doing,Generate,h,ypotheses/,d,etermine,a,nalytical,p,aths,/gather information,Write,w,orkplan,Working Slide 2,Working Slide 1,Draw,c,onclusions,f,rom,d,ata,Map,l,ogical,a,rgument,Formulate,r,ecommendations,Final Slide 2,Final Slide 1,Provide,d,etailed,f,act,b,ase,f,or,p,resentation,Gather,d,ata,d,o,a,nalysis,Slide Writing,DATA VS INFORMATION,Data is.,Information is.,WHAT IS DATA?,One competitor has significantly lower overheads,Bondexs market share is 40%,Bondexs corporate policies not commonly applied across the divisions,Competitors targeting middle segment have growing share,Bondex has five divisions,Data is a set of discrete pieces of information,High,Level,of,Abstraction,Low,WHAT IS LOGIC?,Argument A,Bondex has five divisions,Corporate policies not uniformly applied across divisions,This is creating conflicts in the way divisional performance is reported,Need to align performance measurement for effective comparisons of performance,Logic is the system of relationships between those pieces of information,Flow of Logic,Argument B,Bondex has five divisions,Corporate policies not uniformly applied across divisions,This is because some policies run counter to key divisional objectives,Corporate policies need to be redrafted,IN A BROAD SENSE,ALL WRITTEN PIECES ARE LOOSELY STRUCTURED IN THE FORM OF A PYRAMID,Example Of A Written Work,Book Title,The Zen Master,A Biography of Joe Blow,Chinas leading retail strategy expert,The,child,prodigy,Worldwide business and expert author,Reaching retail heaven,Chapter,Headings,Subsections,Paragraphs,Progressively smaller,and more easily digestible pieces,BUT,IN CONVENTIONALLY STRUCTURED DOCUMENTS CONCLUSIONS ARE BURIED AT THE ENDS OF SECTIONS,A Conventional Structure,Title:,Chapters:,Subsections:,Paragraphs:,Sale of the site,Relocation of plant and machinery,Reallocation of staff,Asset Deployment:Plant No.7,Sale of site will generate,RMB x Bn,SOLUTION:CREATE A LOGICAL STRUCTURE-THE PYRAMID,From the Data.,Golden Leaf Corp.,Plant manager can replace retiring PM at,Urumqi,plant,Location provides valuable advantages to two prospective buyers,Packaging machines can replace slower,low tech machines at,Urumqi,Operators can be absorbed at,Artux,where throughput is growing,Central For Double Happiness Inc.distribution outlets,Harbin Holdings,There are three prospective buyers for the sites,These advantages are worth between,RMB,and,RMB,to each,Mixing and filling equipment can be sold to private label suppliers,Sale of site will release,RMB,to,RMB,Bn,Adjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery line,Foremen and Chemist can be allocated to the new,Beihai,plant,All of No.7 plants assets can be effectively redeployed,All staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity plants,Double Happiness Inc.,Therefore sale of site will release between,RMB,and,RMB,Bn,Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocated,.to the Storyline,THE LOGICAL PYRAMID IS THE BEST STRUCTURE FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION-BASED MATERIAL,The essence of the argument is consistently extracted out of the body of detail,Conclusions raised prominently to the top of each section,Presenting the material in a pre-interpreted form for easy assimilation,Every conclusion is grounded in a sound logical basis,CREATING A LOGICAL STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK,Key,message:,Sections:,Subsections:,Paragraphs:,Structure consists of a logical framework,Applied Pyramid Structure,TO TEST THE SOUNDNESS OF YOUR PYRAMID STRUCTURE,Are the groupings at each level mutually exclusive?,Does each summary point completely and validly summarise the components of the group below it?,Do the components of each group interrelate logically i.e.either.,.as a list of reasons,steps,pieces of evidence etc,or,.a chain of ideas that leads to a“therefore”conclusion,NOW ITS YOUR TURN,Golden Leaf Corp.,Plant manager can replace retiring PM at,Urumqi,plant,Location provides valuable advantages to two prospective buyers,Packaging machines can replace slower,low tech machines at,Urumqi,Operators can be absorbed at,Artux,where throughput is growing,Central For Double Happiness Inc.distribution outlets,Harbin Holdings,There are three prospective buyers for the sites,These advantages are worth between,RMB,and,RMB,to each,Mixing and filling equipment can be sold to private label suppliers,Sale of site will release,RMB,to,RMB,Bn,Adjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery line,Foremen and Chemist can be allocated to the new,Beihai,plant,All of No.7 plants assets can be effectively redeployed,All staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity plants,Double Happiness Inc.,Therefore sale of site will release between,RMB,and,RMB,Bn,Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocated,IN LOGICAL STRUCTURES THE HEADINGS ARTICULATE THE KEY CONCLUSIONS WITHIN EACH PARTICULAR SECTION,Logic Structure For Plant No.7,Key,Message:,Sections:,Subsections:,Paragraphs:,Sale of the site will release RMB Bn?,All plant and machinery can be relocated at other mines,All staff can be retrained for new positions in the expanding divisions,All of Plant 7s assets can be effectively redeployed,Structure consists of a logical framework,THE LOGIC PYRAMID FOR PLANT NO.7,All of Plant No.7s assets can be effectively redeployed,Sale of site will release RMB to RMB Bn,Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocated,All staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity plants,There are three prospective buyers for the sites,The location provides valuable advantages to two buyers,These advantages are worth between RMB and RMB to each,Therefore sale of site will release between$and$,Mixing and filling equipment can be sold to private label suppliers,Packaging machines can replace slower,low tech machines at Urumqi,Golden Leaf Corp.,Harbin Holdings,Double Happiness Inc.,Central For Double Happiness Inc.distribution outlets,Adjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery line,Plant manager can replace retiring PM at Urumqi,Foremen and Chemist can be allocated to the new Beihai plant,Operators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growing,HOW TO CONSTRUCT A POWERFUL PYRAMID LOGIC,1.Begin by addressing the question that generated the project or module.Position the answer to that question at the top of your storyline,2.Group your ideas into“MECE”,Mutually exclusive.,.collectively exhaustive groupings,and formulate assertions which summarise each group of ideas,3.Map out the thought line in a logic tree,4.Link the ideas within each grouping via,Inductive or.,.deductive lines of reasoning,Clarity of argument,Soundness of argument,THE LEAD THOUGHT SHOULD DIRECTLY ADDRESS THE QUESTION WHICH GENERATED THE PROJECT/MODULE,Process For Determining The Leading Thought Of A Pyramid,What is the,subject,I am considering?,What is the,central question,my audience poses about that subject?,What is my answer to that question?,My answer to that question forms the leading thought which governs my pyramid and the structure of my presentation,Closure of Plant No.7,Can Plant No.7s assets be redeployed effectively after closure?,Yes,Plant 7s assets can be redeployed effectively after closure of the mine,THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF REASONING TO APPLY(I),Inductive Reasoning,Deductive Reasoning,A list of steps,reasons,pieces of evidence etc.for a statement,We must reduce our delivery time,Customers are demanding it,-70%would pay more for less than 3 day service,-60%will switch suppliers for 30%increase in speed,Competitors are providing it,-Yukohmana can deliver in 1.5 days,-Hawazaki can deliver in 2 days,We must reduce costs to protect profits,World cotton prices will remain low for 2-3 years,With these prices,we will be unprofitable at,current cost levels,Therefore we must take steps to reduce costs,THERE ARE TWO FORMS OF REASONING TO APPLY(II),Inductive Reasoning,Deductive Reasoning,A series of ideas and evidence leading to a therefore conclusion,CONCLUSIONS AT EACH LEVEL MUST COMPLETELY AND VALIDLY SUMMARISE THE MATERIAL LYING BELOW THEM,Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocated,Plant manager can replace retiring PM at Urumqi,Foremen and chemists can be allocated to the new Beihai plant,Operators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growing,Key Message:,Section:,Subsections:,All of Plant 7s assets can be effectively redeployed,Sale of the site will release RMB Bn?,All staff can be retrained for new positions in new or higher capacity plants,LEARNINGS FOR RESULTING STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONS,Example:A Presentation Outline,.,.,.,.,1st Slide,1st Slide,1st Slide,Market Summary(map),Executive Summary,1993 Performance Review,1994 Plan,Major Issues Discussion,Succinct summary of plans ability to improve current performance,Succinct summary of performance,Key supporting points substantiating conclusion above and road map to following slides,Succinct summary of plan,Supporting points and road map,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,(as above),(as above),CREATING HIGH IMPACT PYRAMID STRUCTURES IN YOUR DECKS,Many Views-One Humble Managers Point of View,“,Go into seclusion and think deep thoughts”,Who is your target audience(think also about the cultural setting),What is the message you want to convey(e.g.to convince,to motivate,to report out),What is the best way to get the message across(e.g.,analogies,tricks,presentation effects),Write the story early,Do not get lost in the data jungle,Formulate your key hypotheses,write just titles,no slides,Keep it simple and straightforward(make the 15 second elevator test),Discuss it with your PL/Manager,Determine the appropriate analyses and then slot in slides to bring your story to life,Ask yourself throughout the process:,Have I structured my output such that it is clear,accessible and logically transparent,What does my pyramid logic look like can I easily construct it,WHAT DO YOU THINK AND WHAT WORKS FOR YOU?,Techniques&Approaches,