泌尿-THE-URINARY-SYSTEM.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,*,泌尿 THE URINARY SYSTEM,THE URINARY SYSTEM,INTRODUCTION(概述),THE KIDNEY(肾),THE URETERS(输尿管),THE URINARY BLADDER(膀胱),THE URETHRA(尿道),Systematic Anatomy,2,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,A.Composition,(组成),1.Kidney,(肾),2.Ureter,(输尿管）,3.Urinary bladder,(膀胱),4.Urethra,(尿道),Section 1,Introduction,Systematic Anatomy,3,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,B.Functions(功能),1.To excrete the waste products,(排除废物).,urea,(尿素),uric acid,(尿酸),some inorganic salts,(无机物),water,(水),2.To regulate the composition of the internal environment,(调节内环境成分).,3.To regulate the acid-base balance,(调节酸碱平衡).,4.Endocrine function(kidney),(内分泌功能).,Introduction,Systematic Anatomy,4,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Section 2,The Kidney,A.External Feature(外形),1.Extremities,(端):,superior&inferior,2.Surfaces,(面):,anterior&posterior,3.Borders,(缘):,1)lateral,2)medial,a.renal hilum,（肾门）,b.renal sinus,(肾窦),Systematic Anatomy,5,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Kidney,B.Internal structure(内部结构),1.Renal cortex,(肾皮质),nephritis 肾炎,2.Renal medulla,(肾髓质),1)renal columns,(肾柱),2)renal pyramids,(肾锥体),3)renal papillae,(肾乳头),Systematic Anatomy,6,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Kidney,3.Renal sinus,(肾窦),1)minor renal calices(calyx),(肾小盏),2)major renal calices,(肾大盏),3)renal pelvis,(肾盂),pyelitis 肾盂炎,hydronephrosis 肾盂积水,pyelblithiasis 肾盂结石,Systematic Anatomy,7,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,4.Renal segment,(肾段),The Kidney,posterior,inferior,Ant.superior,Ant.inferior,inferior,superior,superior,Systematic Anatomy,8,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,C.Coverings of the Kidney(肾的被膜),1.Fibrous capsule,(纤维囊),2.Adipose capsule,(脂肪囊),renal capsule block 肾囊封闭,3.Renal fascia,(肾筋膜),1)anterior layer,(前层),2)posterior layer,(后层),nephroptosia肾下垂,The Kidney,Systematic Anatomy,9,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Kidney,Systematic Anatomy,10,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,D.Relations of the Kidney(肾的毗邻),Anterior,Posterior,sp,dc,st,si,li,R,11,R,12,ta,pm,ql,di,si,R,12,The Kidney,Systematic Anatomy,11,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,A.,Division(分部),1.abdominal part,(腹部),ureteral twist,输尿管扭转,ureter cyst,输尿管囊肿,2.pelvic part,(盆部),3.intramural part,(壁内部),Section 3,The Ureter,Systematic Anatomy,12,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Ureter,B.,Constrictions of the Ureter(狭窄),1.Superior,(上),2.Middle,(中),crosses iliac a.(髂动脉),3.Inferior,(下),ureterolith(ureter,stone)输尿管结石,Systematic Anatomy,13,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Section 4,The Urinary,Bladder,A.,Divisions(分部),1.Apex of bladder,(膀胱尖),2.Body of bladder,(膀胱体),Systematic Anatomy,14,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,3.Neck of bladder,(膀胱颈):,internal urethral sphincter,(尿道内括约肌,),4.Fundus of bladder,(膀胱底),The Urinary,Bladder,Systematic Anatomy,15,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,B.Internal structure(内部结构),1.,Trigone of bladder,(膀胱三角),1)ureteric orifices,(输尿管口),2)internal,urethra orifice,(尿道内口),3)vesical uvula,(膀胱垂),2.Interureteric fold,(输尿管间襞),M,F,The Urinary,Bladder,Systematic Anatomy,16,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,The Urinary,Bladder,3.Detrusor of bladder,(膀胱逼尿肌),cystoscopy,膀胱镜检查,cystitis 膀胱炎,cystolith(vesical calculus)膀胱结石,Systematic Anatomy,17,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,Section 5,The Female Urethra,The female urethra,(女性尿道),The Paraurethral GlandsSkene),(尿道旁腺,),urethritis 尿道炎 gonorrhea 淋病,gonorrheal urethritis,淋病性,尿道炎,Systematic Anatomy,18,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,精品PPT课件 浏览免费 下载后可以编,p:/结石由无机盐或有机物组成。结石中正常有一核心，由脱落的上皮,结石,细胞、,细菌,团块、寄生虫卵或虫体、粪块或异物组成，无机盐或有机物再层层沉积核心之上。由于受累,器官,的不同，结石形成的机理所含的成分、形状、质地、对,机体,的影响等均不相同。常见的结石有,胆结石,、,膀胱结石,、,输尿管结石,、胰导管结石、,唾液腺导管结石,、阑尾,粪石,、,胃石,、,包皮,石和牙石等。,尿石症,是肾、输尿管、,膀胱,及尿道等部位结石的统称，是,泌尿系统,的常见疾病之一。,泌尿系结石,多数原发于,肾脏,和膀胱，输尿管结石往往继发于,肾结石,，,尿道结石,往往是膀胱内结石随尿流冲出时梗阻所致。肾、输尿管结石与膀胱、尿道结石比约为5.561。尿石症的发生率男性高于女性，肾与输尿管结石多见于2040岁的青壮年，约占70%左右；膀胱和尿道结石多发生在10岁以下的儿童和50岁以上的老年患者。尿石症引起,尿路梗阻,和感染后，对,肾功能,损害较大，尤以下尿路长期梗阻及,孤立肾,梗阻时，对全身影响更为严重，处理上也较复杂，严重者可危及生命。,结石病是一种顽固性疾病，症状复杂，,并发症,多，易于残留一般口服消石胶囊每日4-6粒可以预防结石生成。,浏览免费 下载后可以编辑修改。,Anatomy,19,Dept of Anatomy,Medical College,Qingdao University,