中考英语总复习-第十二章-句子的种类市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖PPT课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十二章 句子种类,考点一：以it作形式主语句子,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,考点三：感叹句,考点四：祈使句,考点五：倒装句,第1页,考点一：以it作形式主语句子,1.it作形式主语惯用句型,It takes sb.some time to do sth.,Its+adj.+to do sth.,Its+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.,Its no use/no good/worth doing sth.,第2页,考点一：以it作形式主语句子,1.it作形式主语惯用句型,如：It took us nearly a week to get to Xinjiang.,Its important to learn English well.,It is nice of them to invite us.,Its worth reading the book.,第3页,考点一：以it作形式主语句子,2.it代指时间、季节、天气、距离、婴儿、不明身份人等时，在句中作主语。,如：It is almost 8 oclock.We must start now.,What is the weather like today?,Its fine.,Who is knocking at the door?,It is me.,第4页,考点一：以it作形式主语句子,3.代词one，it和that 区分,that,代指前面提到名词,以防止重复,it,特指上下文提到同一对象，同类同物,one,泛指上下文同类事物中一个，同类而不一样物,如：The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.,The book is mine.Its very interesting.,Who has a pen?,I have one.,第5页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,1.陈说句,用于陈说一件事情或表示一个看法，可分为必定句和否定句两种形式,。,如Lily has already read this new book.,Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.,第6页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,2.疑问句,：用于提出问题句子。,(1)普通疑问句,：以be动词，have/has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no往返答问句。,基本结构是：Be/Have/Has/Did等助动词(含情态动词)主语谓语?,如：Are you a student?,Do you like English?,Can you speak English?,Have you ever been to the Great Wall?,第7页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(2)特殊疑问句,：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问句子。,它基本结构是：特殊疑问词普通疑问句。,惯用疑问词有what，who(whom)，whose，which，when，where，how，why等，不用yes或no往返答。,如：Which pen do you like?,Who are you?,第8页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(2)特殊疑问句,对数量提问，疑问词用how many/how much，注意疑问词how many必须接复数名词。,对价格提问，疑问词用how much。,对时间长度提问，疑问词用how long。,对如 once a year，twice a week等时间频率提问，疑问词用how often。,第9页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,对如once，twice，three times等详细次数提问，疑问词用how many times。,对“in一段时间”提问，疑问词普通用how soon（用于未来时态）。,对距离提问，疑问词用how far。,第10页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(3)选择疑问句,：指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择句子。,它基本结构是：普通疑问句or普通疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同成份经常省略）。,回答时不用yes或no,而是用所给选择其中一个回答。有时只需用一个不定代词回答，如all，both，either，neither和none。,如：,Would you like chicken or beef?,Id like beef.,第11页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,在一个陈说句之后附上一个简短疑问句，对陈说句提出相反疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。,反意疑问句组成是前肯后否，前否后肯。,注意：,时态、人称、单复数要前后一致。,注意：,当反义疑问句陈说部分含有no，none，never，neither，few，little，nothing，nobody，seldom，hardly，too to 等否定词时,附加问句应为必定。,第12页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句特殊情况,当陈说句是以“Im”开头时，附加问句用“arent I?”。,当陈说句是以lets开头祈使句时，附加问句用“shall we？”，其它祈使句用“will you?”。,当陈说句是there be句型时，附加问句用“be not there?”（注意be时态改变）。,第13页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句特殊情况,当陈说部分主语是不定代词everybody，anyone，somebody，nobody，no one，these，those等时，疑问部分惯用复数they。,当陈说部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything，that，nothing，this时，疑问部分主语用it。,第14页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,当陈说句是由I/we(dont/didnt)think/suppose/believe等开头时，反意疑问句应和相关宾语从句人称、时态保持一致，并依据主句选取必定或否定形式。,第15页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句特殊情况,当陈说句中must表示“必须”时，疑问句用neednt/mustnt。陈说句中mustnt表示“禁止”时，疑问句用must。陈说句中must表示“一定”时，疑问句部分应用must后面动词相对应助动词形式。,当陈说部分有“had better动词原形”时，疑问部分用“hadnt you?”。,当陈说部分有“have/has/had to+动词原形”，疑问部分惯用“dont/doesnt/didnt+主语”。,第16页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,注意回答反意疑问句时汉英表示习惯不一样。,如：Li Lei never goes to school late,does he?,Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.,反意疑问句中要注意有些词缩略形式。,s既是has也是is缩略形式。,d既是would也是had缩略形式。,如：Hes already finished his homework,hasnt he?,Hes often told to come here,isnt he?,Youd better complete it by yourself,hadnt you?,第17页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,即学即练,一、依据句意，把以下句子和对话补充完整。,1._ will it take us to get there by bus?,About two hours.,2._ does your sister look like?,She is tall with long hair.,3._ is the library from our school?,Its quite near.Just go across the road.,4._ will she stay here?,For one and a half hours.,5._ is that new bike over there?,I think its Sams.,How long,What,How far,How long,Whose,第18页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,即学即练,6._ is your sister,Jim?,Shes a journalist from CCTV.,7.He is a teacher,_ he？,8.I cant swim,_ I?,9.He will be late,_ he?,10.Peter sings well,_ he?,11.Peter didnt go home,_ he?,12.Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny,_?,13.I am Chinese,_?,isnt,What,can,wont,did,doesnt,didnt she,arent I,第19页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,即学即练,14.Lets go for a picnic tomorrow,_?,15.Let us play games,_?,16.Dont eat food in class,_?,17.There were a lot of apples,_?,18.There wont be any fashion shows on Sunday morning,_?,19.There will be many people at the party,_?,20.Everyone knows the answer,_?,21.Nobody knows about it,_?,22.These are your pens,_?,shall we,will you,will you,werent there,will there,wont there,doesnt he/dont they,arent they,does he/do they,第20页,考点二：陈说句和疑问句,即学即练,二、用or或and填空，或按要求改写句子。,1.Are they sitting,_,standing in the classroom?,2.The students stopped talking,_,laughing when the teacher came in.,3.Meimei likes boating.（用swim改成选择疑问句）,_ Meimei _ boating _?,4.She is a doctor.（用a nurse 改成选择疑问句）,_ a doctor _?,or,and,Does,like,or swimming,or a nurse,Is she,第21页,考点三：感叹句,用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情句子叫作感叹句，句末用感叹号。感叹句普通用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。,1.how引导感叹句，基本结构是：How形容词/副词主语谓语！(主谓可省略),如：How beautiful the park is!,第22页,考点三：感叹句,2.what引导感叹句，基本结构是：,(1)Whata/an形容词可数名词（单数）主语谓语!（主谓可省略）,如：What a nice girl(she is)!,(2)What形容词复数名词（或不可数名词主语谓语！,如：What beautiful flowers these are!,What fine weather it is!,第23页,考点三：感叹句,注意：,what感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a或an。,如：What good news it is!,Look!What fine weather it is today!,类似还有：,What bad weather!,What hard work!,What delicious food!,第24页,考点三：感叹句,即学即练,用what，what a/an或how 填空。,1._ strong the wind is2._ cold weather it is!,3._ well he plays the violin!,4._ an interesting story this is!,5._ beautiful paintings these are!,6._ brightly the sun shines today!,7._ good advice you gave me!,8._ delicious the cookies taste!,9._ a good time they are having!,10._ hard work you have done!,How,What,How,What,What,How,What,How,What,What,第25页,考点四：祈使句,表示请求、命令、提议或劝说等句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。,1.祈使句必定形式：普通以动词原形开头。,如：Do your homework after school.,Lets go and have a look.,Let me have a try.,Be glad,my friend.,Dont be nervous!,第26页,考点四：祈使句,2.祈使句否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Dont。,如：Dont let me work with him.,=Let me not work with him.,Dont spend much time on computer games.,=You mustnt spend much time on computer games.,第27页,考点四：祈使句,3.在公共场所提醒语中，祈使句否定句惯用“No+名词或动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。,如：No photos!,No smoking here!=Smoking is not allowed here!,注意：,(1)“祈使句and /or简单句”是惯用句型。,如：Be quick,or youll be late.,=If you are not quick,youll be late.,2)否定祈使句=mustnt。,如：Dont draw on the wall.,=You mustnt draw on the wall.,第28页,考点五：倒装句,倒装句分类及使用方法,(1)完全倒装,here，there，up，down，in，out，off，away等副词开头句子表示强调。,如：Out rushed the children.,表示地点介词短语作状语位于句首。,如：Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.,强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡。,如：Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.,第29页,考点五：倒装句,倒装句分类及使用方法,(2)部分倒装,never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，not until，not等表示否定意义副词放于句首。,如：Hardly did I know what had happened.,only和修饰状语放于句首。,如：Only then did he realize the importance of English.,“not only but also”连接并列句子,“前倒后不倒”。,如：Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.,第30页,考点五：倒装句,倒装句分类及使用方法,(2)部分倒装,“neither nor”连接并列句子前后都倒装。,如：Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.,so that,such that中so或such及修饰成份放于句首时“前倒后不倒”。,如：So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.,as引导让步状语。,如：Child as he is,he has learned a lot.,第31页,考点五：倒装句,倒装句分类及使用方法,(2)部分倒装,so,neither或nor表示前文内容也适合用于另外人或事。,如：He can play the piano.So can I.,用于表示祝福祈使句中。,如：May you be in good health!,省略if虚拟条件。,如：Were I you,I would not do it in this way.,第32页,考点五：倒装句,2.倒装句结构,(1)假如前面句子是必定句，那么倒装句结构有：,“So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，表示“某人/某物也是这么”。,“So+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”，表示“某人/某物真是这么”。,如：Xiao Ming is a good student.So is Sam.,Xiao Ming is a good student.So he is.,第33页,考点五：倒装句,(2)假如前面句子是否定句，那么倒装句结构为：“Neither/Nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，表示“某人/某物也是这么”。,如：Xiao Ming is not good at swimming.Neither/Nor is Sam.,第34页,考点五：倒装句,3.以here，there 等开头句子，假如主语是名词，就用倒装句，假如主语是人称代词就无须使用倒装句。,如：Here are some flowers for you.,Here you are.,第35页,考点五：倒装句,即学即练,依据汉语意思完成句子。,1.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(我也会),2.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(他确实如此),3.Tom was late for class yesterday.So _.(他确实如此),4.My mother can speak English._.(我也会),5.My mother cant speak English._.(我也不会),will I,he will,he was,So can I,Neither/Nor can I,第36页,祝福筑梦路上的所有考生，加油！,感谢使用,第37页,